Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection
Specific displays of abiotic stresses on fruit plants revealed as a result of monitoring in field and controllable conditions are described in this article. The reasons of display of some of them from point of view of physiological and biochemical processes occurring in a plant are designated. The examples of specific display of incompatibility of rootstocks and scions, and influence of rootstocks on intensity of scion development in the winter-spring period are presented. The ways of minimization of the damage from adverse weather conditions to fruit growing are offered.
The results of joint researches NCRRIH&V and Institute of Fruit Growing (Belarus) on ecological test of apple varieties of Belarus selection in the conditions of Krasnodar territory are presented in the article.
The effective methods of reproduction in vitro the remote hybrids of Cerasus ill., that are interesting as donors and stability sources to Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins and as new forms of rootstocks for a cherry, a sweet cherry and Japanese cherry tree are presented as results of joint research NCRRIH&V and Institute for Fruit Growing (Belarus).
Classification of the Far Eastern cherries on complex characteristics of fruit chemical composition is given, with use of mathematical and statistical methods. Four groups of samples Far Eastern cherries for use in crossing in the breeding of winter-hardy varieties resistant to fungal diseases are identified according to the results of cluster analysis
Physiology and biochemistry of plants
The results of research of influence of oxidative ferments activity in the shoots of grapes on stability to low negative temperatures of genetically diverse varieties are presented. In the phase of hardening adaptation of plants to low temperatures as higher as larger the ratio of activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase.
General agrotechnics (systems, technology)
The recent years nalysis of intensive horticulture development of the south of Russia is given in the article. The influence of stressful weather factors on yield and commodity quality of fruits is studied. Basic agrotechnological methods that have influence on formation of productivity of fruit plants are analyzed.
The basic principles and science-based me-thods for the formation of stable ampelocenosis on the criterions of fruiting stability, on the level of realization of the potential of economic productivity, the quality of product and duration of exploitation of plantations are presented.
The observational data for the reaction of grapes in the different periods of organogenesis on abiotic stress such as critical temperature, storm precipitation, hail are presented. Character of damages, prevention and technological measures to reduce the negative effects of stress are spe-cified.
Mineral nutrition of plants
ACTIVIZATION OF ADAPTABLE MECHANISMS OF THE APPLE-TREE PLANTS UNDER INFLUENCE OF SPECIAL FERTILIZERS
Results of research of foliar fertilizing influence on a functional condition of an apple-tree plants in the conditions of the Central Chernozem zone and the south of Russia are presented.
Quality Management
The problems of global warming influence on the quality of elite wines is considered in the article. The working out of an adaptive reaction to changing climatic conditions, based on agrotechnical activities and on the use of biotechnologies in the production of finished products are presented.
Phytosanitary condition of plants
The data of research that reveal the mechanisms of phytosanitary control of fruit agrocenosis are presented. Research are directed on the decision of problems of biosystem ecologization connected with revealing of stability degree of myco- pato- entomocenosis of fruit orchard and strawberry on exogenous fluctuation reaction (weather factors, entering of pesticides, degree of intensity of gardening technology etc.).
The character of pesticide contamination of garden agrocenosis in the central zone of Krasnodar territory is established as a result of monitoring study and the criterions for estimation of their toxic load level are revealed.
THE METHODS OF ACTIVIZATION OF ADAPTATIONAL REACTIONS OF GRAPES TO THE STRESS FACTORS OF ENVIRONMENT
The different ways and methods of activization of adaptational reactions of grapes to the various stress conditions of growing environment are examined in the article.
The symptoms and harmfulness of a new disease of vineyards of Western Ciscaucasia Alternaria are studied. Sufficient antifungal activity of Trichoderma viride against Alternaria tenuissima is revealed. Data on biological effectiveness of the protection sistems of vineyards from Alternaria with using T. viride are presented.
Economy of fruit growing and viticulture
Industrial and economic characteristic of industrial fruit growing and viticulture is given. Imbalances and disparities in the organization of reproduction processes, depend on macroeconomic factors and the insufficiency of measures of government support are identified. The necessary economic conditions for sustainable development are defined. The required dimension of regulators calculation is justified.