Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Issue: 29(5)

Date posted: 15.09.14

Total articles: 15

Total authors: 31

Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection

pdf
173 Кб
9 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 634.2: 631.541
Keywords: FRUIT CULTURES, STATISTICAL APPROACH, METHODS OF ASSESMENT OF RESISTANCE, DEFEAT POINT

Annotation

The main purpose of work is optimization of methods of obtaining of long-term data on the dynamics of defeat degree of fruit plants by fungal diseases. The point of plants defeat is the result of complex interaction in the system "owner - activator - medium", transformed in accordance with area conditions and with conditions of year. As a material for research it was taken 140 sweet cherries varieties from plantings collection for study of stability to coccomicosis. For study of resistance to monilia 134 varieties samples were taken. The result of the dispersive analysis, which was carried out at the beginning of research, confirmed the complexity of allocation of forms with polygenic type of stability according to long-term data. Dispersion research in long-term test accurately showed that considerable influence on variability of defeat point of stone fruit cultures by coccomicosis and monilia have the conditions of year and "variety-year" interactions. We offered a statistical method which ensure the minimization of the effect of all factors, except genetic difference of varieties forms. Indicators of specific reactions of variety to environment change using the assessment of ecological plasticity of varieties were taken for this purpose. The approach offered by us consists the establishment of such criterion of breeding value of sample which includes the relatively low average point of diseases defeat, the indicators of its stability in the varying conditions of the environment and the characteristics of pathogen population. On the basis of the offered approach the best sweet cherry forms with high resistance to coccomicosis are allocated. The value of such approach is that with its help the extensive data on dynamics of resistance of agricultural plants to pathogens can be used.

How to cite
Kuznetsova A. ASSESSMENT OF STABILITY OF FRUIT CROPS VARIETIES TO FUNGAL DISEASES ACCORDING TO LONG-TERM OBSERVING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 1–9. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/01.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
142 Кб
8 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 634.8:631.52
Keywords: GRAPES, HYBRID FORM, HYBRID COMBINATION, VARIETY, RESISTANCE TO PHYLLOXERA, WINE MATERIAL

Annotation

The need to increase the production of resistant to phylloxera high-quality varieties for ensuring the increasing of profitability of vine and winemaking industry is growing now. The results of work of breeding department of the Anapa Experimental Station of Vine growing and Winemaking for improvement of grapes assortment, creating forms steady against a root phylloxera are presented in the article. Degree of stability of the European grapes varieties to a phylloxera in the Anapa region of Krasnodar Region was researched. On a provocative background 300 varieties most extended in the viticulture areas of our country are tested. The varieties of the Black Sea area show the most resistance to phylloxera under these conditions. From the assortment of grapes varieties the Fillokseroustoychivy Dzhemete was allocated who was almost completely steady against a root form of a phylloxera. This variety was served as a parental form of new perspective grapes varieties. The conducted research allowed to allocate from hybrid fund of Anapa Experimental Station the perspective hybrid forms which except the resistance to phylloxera possess the high frost resistance, the long period of planting productivity, the high duality of fruits. The bushes of the allocated grapes hybrids are characterized by the strong growth and good ripening of shoots (70-75%). Average productivity of grapes orchards is 130-140 c/hectare. During research the new hybrid forms consistently were giving a quality harvest and possess a good sugar accumulate. The specified grapes hybrid forms are characterized by high quality of received wine material with an average tasting assessment of 7,8-7,9 points. These forms can be recommended for transfer to the State varieties testing of the Russian Federation with their further reproduction and distribution to all viticulture regions of Russia.

How to cite
Larkina M., Nikulushkina G., Shcherbakov S. PHYLLOXERA-RESISTANT HYBRID FORMS OF TECHNICAL GRAPES FOR IMPROVING OF THE ASSORTMENT [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 10–17. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/02.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
1350 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 635.96:632.95.028
Keywords: PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA, MICROELEMENTS, HEAVY METALS, BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR, SOIL

Annotation

The ability of certain species of plants to take from the soil and to accumulate the microelements, especially of ions of heavy metals, in the various parts has the great importance for cleaning of the land plots polluted by heavy metals, as result of active use of pesticides and agrichemicals. The Paulowniya tomentosa can have value for these purposes. The purpose of research is to estimate the economic and biological potential of Pavlovniya as the bioindicator of degree of soils contamination in the areas of its growing. The analysis of microelements content in the different parts of aulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Stend.) are conducted for assssment of its economic and biological potential. It is established that Paulownia assists to concentrate in the wood the significant quantities of ions of heavy and rareearth metals Sr, Mn, Ba, Cs etc. The Paulownia in the different periods of vegetation accumulates the different number of microelements. Fresh juicy shoots, leaves and flowers of plant contain the high quantity of iron, especially in the first half of plant's vegetation. The content of zinc is also high in the summer, but in the end of vegetation its quantity falls sharply. The accumulation of these elements in the plant depends from their soil content and biological access. The results of the conducted research testify that the Paulowniya tomentosa can be used as the biological indicator of degree of soil contamination in the places of its growing. Search of the plants capable to participate in a fitoremediation of lands is the one of the perspective directions of modern research in ecology. These research have the search character and testify about need of more detailed studying of potential opportunities of a pavlovniya tomentosa, first of all from the economic point of view.

How to cite
Tyshchenko E., Yakuba Y. PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA AS THE BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF THE DEGREE OF SOIL CONTAMINATION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 18–27. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/03.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).

Resource potential of the agricultural territories

pdf
137 Кб
9 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 632.9: 663.252(470.46)
Keywords: MILDEW DISEASES EPIPHYTOTIC DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY, FUNGICIDES

Annotation

Among infectious diseases of vine the wide spreading fungal pathogens are the most known, including mildew. Vineyards in the Delta of Volga are in a sanitary zone, so the use of pesticides in these plantings is limited. Identification of the most effective fungicides against mildew of new generation, among fungicides allowed for use in this area, was the purpose of our work. The experiences were conducted by techniques of experimental work. Grapes varieties (Osoby ranniy and Rizamat) of early and middle period of maturing were researched. Under the conditions of the Delta of Volga by the results of the conducted research it is established that in the years of epiphytotic mildew development on susceptible of grapes varieties the considerable part of a crop is lost and its quality gets worse. In the years of poor or average mildew development the varieties accurately differ according to their resistance to disease. The Osoby ranniy grapes was more resistant against mildew defeat. The biological efficiency of Ridomil Gold and Meteor fungicides are studied. Each time the Ridomil Gold is used in a dose 2.5 kg/hectare, the Meteor 3,5 kg/hectare. The outlay of working solution is 1000 litre/ hectare. It is proved that in the years with inferable conditions for decease development the efficiency of fungicides is 55-48%. For soil and climatic conditions of the Delta of Volga the most effective scheme of processing of grapes plants by fungicides is offered. This scheme promotes crop's preservation and improvement of berries quality. It is established that double spraying of grapes plants by Ridomil Gold with following double spraying by Meteor preparation lead to 25 % crop increase. At the same time the average mass of bunches and berries are increased.

How to cite
Polyakova E., Valeeva Z., Korneva O. MILDEW ON GRAPES IN THE VOLGA'S DELTA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 28–36. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/04.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
149 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 634.8: 631.543: 632.9
Keywords: GRAPES, TABLE VARIETY, HARMFUL ORGANISMS, RESISTANCE, TECHNOLOGY OF PROTECTION

Annotation

Grapes varieties are considerably differ on a susceptibility to harmful organisms and protection of plants requires the various frequency rate of application of protection means. Now the much attention is paid to a foundation of plantings of table grapes varieties in the farms and it is expediently to place them rational on the plots for implementation of effective protection of vineyards. The work's purpose is to scientifically justify the principles of placement of table grapes varieties at new squares in the South of Russia. The results of long-term inspections of vineyards of Krasnodar Region are presented in the article. Field resistance of the zoned and perspective grapes varieties to harmful organisms is shown and frequency rate of plants processings by fungicides against causative agents of diseases is given. The influence of quality of a landing material on its survival is noted. The resistance of grapes to harmful organisms was studied in the Anapas Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking, the Krymsk Experimental Breeding Station and at the Kuban State Agrarian University. The grades of injuriousness of harmful organisms are determined by the standard techniques. Quality of landing material is estimated on external traits, existence of pathogens and survival of plants. It is established that grapes survival depends in strong degree on defeat of saplings by a bacterial cancer. For grapes protection against phytopathogens it is necessary during vegetation to conduct from 1-2 till 10-12 and more processings by fungicides, so it is inexpedient to select to one massif the varieties with various resistance to harmful organisms. The principle of grapes varieties selection for placement to one massif are the terms of maturing and uniform technology of plantings protection from harmful organisms. It is necessary to organise the new plantings by a landing material free from a bacterial cancer.

How to cite
Talash A. FEATURES OF PLACEMENT OF TABLE GRAPES VARIETIES AND THEIR PROTECTION FROM HARMFUL ORGANISMS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 37–47. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/05.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).

Phytosanitary condition of plants

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232 Кб
23 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 591.5:595.792
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, AGRIC ECOSYSTEM, ENTOMOPHAGES, PHYTOPHAGES, PESTICIDES

Annotation

Ecological protection was gained the development as the direction of integrated protection of fruit plants. Ecological protection foresees the use of the less ecologically dangerous means of protection, the moderate use of biologically active agents is sometimes possible also. The concept of ecological protection for industrial apple-tree gardens of the Southern Region of Russian Federation is developed by E.S. Sugonyaev. This concept is adapted for conditions of the southern region and it allows to receive fruits crop of commodity quality without use of chemical organic-synthetic pesticides of a wide range of action. Various approaches and methods of ecological protection of apple-tree gardens were tested in our research in the field experiments conducted in the gardens of intensive type of the Experimental farm "Kuban" of the Kuban State Agrarian University in 2007-2013. During carrying out of the program of ecological management (PEM) the main attention was paid to value of alternation of preparations and methods with various or similar properties. The application of compositions of bioregulators and biological products in the tank mixes is the basis of PEM. It is established that the application of ecologically low dangerous means of apple-tree protection promotes the activity of regulation of harmful insect's species at the biocenosis. The conducted experiments to stabilize of ecosystem of apple-tree garden showed that 3-4 treatments by regulator's growth and development of insects in composition with biological preparations provide the protection of fruits crop against codling moth. The conclusion follows that the application in the apple-tree gardens of low toxic biological preparations, and also regulators of growth and development of insects, leads to increase of biological diversity of entomologic fauna and it promotes the stabilization of an agric system and the activity of natural regulation of number of harmful species of insects.

How to cite
Sugonyaev E., Vasilyeva L., Niyasov O., Balahnina I., Yakovuk V., Pastarnak I., Doroshenko T. ECOLOGICAL APPLE ORCHARD'S PROTECTION IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 48–70. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/06.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
115 Кб
5 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 632.951: 595.752.6
Keywords: PEAR SUCKER, LARVAS, INSECTICIDES, BIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY

Annotation

In the Astrakhan Region in recent years it is very problematicly to receive a big crop of pear fruits due to wide spreading of a pear sucker. The pear sucker is the specific wrecker. Under the conditions of her spreading the yield of pears fruits is lost and the trees are damaged also. The trees damaged by a pear sucker have an ugly form and the dry branches. It is established that under the conditions of the Astrakhan Region the high number of larvas of a pear sucker is noted in the period of forming of pears fruits and it promotes the essential loss of fruits crop. Against a pear sucker the two groups of chemical preparations are applied from the list of the pesticides allowed in the territory of Russia: the organic phosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides. By the experiences we studied the efficiency of application of two insecticides Fufanon and Decis Profi of different chemical groups, during of sharp increase of pest number. The purpose of work was to determine which preparation possesses the bigger biological efficiency in suppression of the wrecker. Experiments were conducted with a pear of the French breeding of Beret Bosque. The biological efficiency of preparations was determined by decrease of the number of larvas of a pear sucker concerning the control. It is proved that the efficiency of application of an insecticide Fufanon, KE was at the level of 98,3-100% for the period of 21 days, the effect from processing of Decis Profi, VDG was respectively 97,5-100%. It is established that the single treatment of pear's trees of Beret Bosque by insecticides of Fufanon, KE and Decis Profi during vegetation, at the summer period of birth of pears sucker promotes the high protection (97,5-100%) of pears fruits from damages by a pear sucker.

How to cite
Dubrovin N., Beibulatov M. THE EFFICIENCY OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST PEAR SUCKER [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 71–75. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/07.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
5240 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 634.2: 632.4
Keywords: STONE FRUIT CULTURES, VARIETY, DISEASES, TENDENCIES, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Annotation

In the decision of actual tasks to keep the high production level of fruit plants the equally important has the study of popalation's features of causative agents of fungal diseases for optimization of pathosystems regulation. It is noted that the impact of weather stressors in the recent years led to a significant weakness of stone fruit crops and reduce of their protective capacity and it caused the increase of bacterial susceptibility of fruit plants to pests. The phytosanitary monitoring revealed a significant structural and functional changes in the micopatocenosis of stone fruit cultures in the Krasnodar Region under the changed environmental conditions. It is noted the steady tendency of further increase of aggression of dominant pathogens. The appearance of new harmful species and patocomplex are observed. On the varieties of cherry and sweet cherry of all groups of sustainability it is noted the formation of a large number of apothecia of hibernate stage of coccomicose pathogen, significantly exceeding the critical level of harmfulness. Their number on the one leaf of fruit stone plants varies from 2 to 1000. There is the increasing of the aggression of fungus pathogen Monilia cinerea Bon.: its spreading up to 80-90% on the apricot, on cherry up to 40%, on the plum up to 10-15%. The tendency of preservation of early infection of leaves of stone fruit trees of Clasterosporium carpophilum Aderh is established: this is the first decade of April. It is noted the formation of patocomplexes on plant's leaves as more adaptive ways of species existence. In the nursery of Central zone of Krasnodar Region the symptoms of defeat of sweet cherry seedlings by Gloesporium sp. are fixed. The conclusion is made that the study of influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors of environment on the dynamics of development of diseases of stone fruit cultures will help to develop the new elements of ecological technologies of fruit plantation's protection.

How to cite
Mishchenko I. TENDENCIES OF SPREADING OF DISEASES OF FRUIT STONE CULTURES UNDER CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF KRASNODAR REGION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 76–87. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/08.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
207 Кб
8 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 623.3:634.22
Keywords: MONITORING, PLUM POX VIRUS, CARTOGRAMS METHOD, AREA OF SPREADING

Annotation

In the monitoring of plum pox virus a method of cartograms developed in NRRIH&V showed the high information content. The method gives the opportunity to display graphically the characteristics of transfer of a plum pox virus in a studied area by comparison of data for a certain period. The work purpose is to reveal the features of spreading of a plum pox virus in the experimental planting by means of a cartogram's method. Since 2007 we carried out an annual monitoring of experimental plum planting for description of dynamics of spreading of a plum pox virus. Diagnostics of varieties samples for definition of diseases etiology is carried out. The efficiency of determination of main parameters of virus spreading (speed and degree of spreading, localization) is studied. By this method on the card of fruit planting the trees with disease symptoms are graphically displayed. It is established that during 2007-2013 the plum pox virus spreading increased by 5 times at Kabardinskaya rannya and in 2013 it means 44,5% (initial level is 8,3 %). On the Stenley plum the increase is noted by 3 times 24,2 % (initial level is 7,3 %). Average speed of a virus spreading is determined by a cartograms method (on the Kabardinskaya rannya is 6,4 % in a year, on Stenley variety is 3,5 %). On the basis of the analysis of the obtained data we made the conclusion about determination of varieties and topological distinctions of dynamics of a virus spreading. It is indicated that a source of an virus infection is the infected landing material. The results of research confirm the connection of spreading level of a plum pox virus with number of sucking wreckers during the previous vegetative period.

How to cite
Buntsevich L., Kostyuk M., Besedina E. MONITORING OF PLUM POX VIRUS BY THE CARTOGRAM'S METHOD [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 88–95. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/09.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
264 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 632.951:634.11.504:574
Keywords: RESIDUAL QUANTITIES OF PESTICIDES, AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE ADMISSIBLE LEVEL, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION

Annotation

An analytical review of information about the content of residual amounts of background pollutants in the individual components of the environment is presented. From date of entry into force of the technical regulations of the Customs Union the insecticides of organochlorine synthesis (HOS) we carried to the global xenobiotics. DDT-4,4 and HCCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) are considered the most toxic of them. The aim of our study was to conduct the monitoring of DDT and HCCH in the garden agricenosis of central and the Black Sea areas of horticulture of Krasnodar Territory. On the basic of analysis of experimental research the presence of residual amounts of HCCH and DDT in 100% of soil samples of an apple orchard is noted; their concentration ranged between 0,003-0,026 mg / kg, that is below the limit. The monitoring of dynamics of DDT and HCCH in the apple fruits showed that the remains of xenobiotics are fixed in 82-84% of the selected samples in the quantities not exceeding the hygienic regulations (0,021-0,003 mg / kg). Direct relationship of DDT and HCCH content in the soil and fruit of the garden orchards in the center and the Black Sea fruit zones of Krasnodar Region is not revealed. During study of HOS migration in the soil of apple orchard it is revealed that the most quantity of toxicants is in the 0-60 cm soil layer. Significant difference between quantitative indicators of xenobiotic's content in the soil layers of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm were not found. The remains of toxicants are fixed in amounts 20-100 times lower than the maximum permissible. The obtained data on the duration of the retaintion of HOS residues indicate that there is a tendency to reduce the level of contamination of these toxicants of soil and open water body.

How to cite
Podgornaya M. MONITORING OF REMAINS OF ORGAN CHLORINE INSECTICIDES IN THE GARDEN AGRIC CENOSIS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 96–109. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/10.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
1350 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 632.7: 632.9
Keywords: CATERPILLARS, BUTTERFLIES, PUPA, GARDEN TORTRIX MOTHS, BIOLOGY, STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT, INSECTICIDES, HORMONAL PREPARATIONS

Annotation

In the article the results of long-term investigations of species composition of garden tortrix moths in the fruit cultivations of Krasnodar Region are given. The research were conducted by methods of laboratory analyses, route and stationary inspections of the fruit plantings processed and not processed by pesticides, situated in various zones of gardening of Krasnodar Region. For establishment of specific accessory of wreckers were used the determinants of agricultural wreckers and methodical recommendations. The prevailing forms are isolated. The structure and the conformity to natural lows of formation of the complexes of garden tortrix moths and special features of biology of their development in the region are studied. The periods and the criterions of the expediency of insecticidal treatments of fruit planting are determined. The dynamics of dominant's change inside the indicated complexes is noted on the basis of the analysis of experimental data. The rhythm of cycles is 1-3 years. The steady dependence of seasonal dynamics from the changing abiotic conditions of medium is determined. The basic components of the trophostructural levels of garden tortrix moths were established. It is established that the time of output from the places of the wintering of the cluster and fruit variable tortrix moths is the phenophase of the apple tree development of the baring of floscules pink bud with the sum of effective temperatures of 20,5C. The development of pupa is 9-15 days, the embryogenesis is 6-13 days in accordance with weather conditions. Adoxophyes orana F.R. fruit tortricids and Archips podana Scop. output from the places of wintering at average daily temperature of +10 +12C. Under the conditions of Krasnodar Region the first caterpillars appear with the sum of effective temperatures of 25,3 31,5C. The weather conditions and the generation influence on the duration of the development of the separate stages: the pupa is 10-14 days, the embryogenesis is 8-11 days. The best results of protection from the wreckers are obtained during the application of hormonal preparations in the period of the discarding of eggs and the application of preparations of natural origin is in the period of the hatching of caterpillars.

How to cite
Cherkezova S. GARDEN TORTRIX MOTHS AND METHODS OF STRUGGLE WITH THEM [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 110–125. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/11.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
623 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 632.2: 634.7: 631.52
Keywords: STRAWBERRY, FUNGAL DISEASES, MYCOSIS, MICROBIOLOGICAL FUNGICIDES

Annotation

The root rots are the dominant deseases of garden strawberry in the Krasnodar Region. About 80% of garden strawberry crop is lost from mycoses of roots and loss of plants in the nursery plantings is 1/3 or more. In the productions technology of strawberry berries the regulation of patocenoses is based on the application of ecological systems of culture's protection from the harmful organisms, that allow to keep a high quality of crop. The purpose of research is development of regulations of application of microbiological preparations for management of pathosystems in the agric cenoses of strawberry, ensuring the preservation of plants healthy and their productivity. The standard, author's and adapted techniques are used in the course of research. As a result of determination of biological efficiency of fungicides for control of root rots the high efficiency of fundazol is established: for Marmolada's variety is 70.4 %, for Bogota is 73,5%. Biological efficiency of microbiological fungicides was lower, than in case of application of fundazol chemical preparation. High vitality of strawberry plants is established in case of use of microbiological fungicides hetomin in the mix with biosil and vermiculen in the mix with biosil (91,3% and 87,2% respectively). The received results are interesting and give the basis for application of microbiological preparations for protection of strawberry from complex of root mycoses. Testing of microbiological preparations under the field conditions during treatment of strawberry roots showed the prospects of their use against pathogens of fundal nature causing diseases of strawberry under the conditions of Krasnodar Region. The conclusion is: the microbiological preparations show the antagonistic properties towards phytopathogens and stimulate the grouth effect on protected strawberry's plants.

How to cite
Holod N. OPTIMIZATION OF APPLICATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS FOR PATHOS SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT AT THE STRAWBERRY'S AGRIC CENOSIS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 126–137. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/12.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).

Manage environmental and food safety

pdf
158 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 634.8:631.5
Keywords: PESTICIDES, SOIL, BIOFERTILIZER, GRAPES, THE TOXIC RESIDIES, ACCEPTABLE STANDARDS, BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

Annotation

Accumulation of chemicals substances in the ecosystem of grapes plantings is defined by the technological and agric methods applied in the process of cultivation of this culture. Study of influence of new biological and agric methods of soil keeping of vineyards on quality of vine and wine-making products was the purpose of these research. The research were conducted in the witiculture's areas of the South of Kuban (Taman area) in the industrial plantings of specialized farms. Object of research is ecosystem of industrial grapes plantings. The soil samples and samples of the ripened grapes were selected during spring and autumn period on the vineyards treated by pesticides. Definition of toxic remains in the production was carried out by the standard techniques with use of gas chromatograph "Colour 500M", liquid ones "KNAUER" and the nuclear and absorbing spectrophotometer Guantum-AFA. The methods of a capillary electrophoresis "Capel-103" and "Capel-105" are used for biochemical analysis. The results of ecological and toxicological research confirmed the ability to bioaccumulation of soil toxic compounds as well as an increase of toxic compounds concentration in the food (trophic) chains. The soil replenishment by organic material in the form of biofertilizers revitalizes the soil and cleans it from xenobiotics and allows to receive the grapes without toxic inclusions and to improve considerably its quality by biochemical indicators. It is established that at 3-years application of presented biotechnology of grapes plantings keeping the degree of migration of dangerous chemicals from the soil into grapes berries decreases by 60-90%; the toxic remains in the berries don't exceed the established norms; biochemical indicators in some positions are improved in 2-4 times in comparison with control option. As a result of our research the biological and agritechnical methods are scientifically founded. These methods ensure the food safety and high quality of viticultures productions in accordance with biochemical and sanitary and hygienic indicators.

How to cite
Vorobyova T., Shirshova A., Yakuba Y. SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ENSURING OF QUALITY OF GRAPES AND WINES PRODUCTS UNDER CONDITION OF TECHNOGENIC IMPACT [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 138–148. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/13.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).

Publishing of young scientists and postgraduates

pdf
163 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 634.8: 632.3
Keywords: CROWN GALL, GRAPES, AGROBACTERIUM VITIS, VIRULENT STRAINS, GENETICS OF RESISTANCE

Annotation

This article is devoted to a problem of a bacterial cancer, actual for viticulture, and in particular in the Krasnodar Region. A bacterial cancer is the one of the most harmful chronic diseases of grapevine. Characteristic feature of defeat of grapes plant by bacterial cancer is system type of infection, the all organs of the infected plant remain sore during all life. Therefore the vegetative reproduction of sick bushes leads to the producing of sick landing material, promoting the further spreading of a disease. The bacterial cancer is wide spread in all zones of grapes cultivation, its high harmfulness is noted in our country and abroad. Despite the application of various struggle measures, including phytosanitary, the annual progression of a disease in the viticulture's regions is noted. In the presented review we discussed the questions of systematic of the causative agent of this disease a bacterium of Agrobacterium, the tupe of infection of grapes plants and the latent period in the development of deseasse. The subject of studying of genetic inheritance by grapes varieties of stability and a susceptibility to this disease is lifted. It is offered to pay attention to integrated scientifically based approach to a problem of a bacterial cancer on vineyards of Krasnodar Region. It is necessary to develop such research, as identification of types and strains of Agrobacterium on vineyards, determination of degree of their pathogenicity. The complex studying of suseptibility of grapes varieties for the purpose of identification of steady genotypes is recommended. Particularly noted that it is necessary lo make the monitoring of the causative agent of a bacterial cancer in the landing grapes material, nursery plantings and in the soil of vineyards, including the use of molecular and genetic methods of research.

How to cite
Makarkina M., Ilnitskaya E. TO THE QUESTION OF PROBLEM OF CROWN GALL ON THE VINEYARDS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 149–159. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/14.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
178 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 15.09.2014
UDC: 634.23:57.1:632.95
Keywords: CHERRY, BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS, RESIDUAL QUANTITIES OF PESTICIDES, AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE ADMISSIBLE LEVEL, MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATION

Annotation

In this work we study the main chemical pesticides used for protection of cherry from the main harmful objects, and the perspective copper fungicides which haven't been alowed "The reference book of pesticides and the agrochemicals allowed for use in the territory of the Russian Federation" for use on cherry. Work was carried out in 2012-2013 on Lyubskaya cherry. The data of experimental study about change of the content of mineral substances and organic acids in the cherry fruits as a result of use of pesticides from different chemical groups are submitted. It is established that nature of accumulation of organic acids and mineral substances significantly varies under influence of weather conditions of year and active ingredient of a chemical preparation. The method of research of chemical indicators is based on extraction of analyzed substances from plant material and further determination of mass concentration of cations and organic acids by means of a capillary electrophoresis on the Capel-103л device. The features of influence of various active ingredients of used preparations on biochemical indicators of cherrys fruits are indicated. It is revealed that all studied chemical preparations reduce the accumulation of ascorbic acid in the cherry's fruits. The nature of accumulation of organic acids and mineral substances in cherry's fruits significantly depends on weather conditions and the nature of a chemical preparation. Applied fungicides in the protection of cherry intensify the accumulation of organic acids in the cherry's fruits. The analysis of the content of sodium in the cherry's fruits showed its bigger accumulation in case of use of chemical pesticides. It is shown that the use of copper fungicides leads to decrease of calcium content in the cherry's fruits during the harvesting period.

How to cite
Serova J. INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL PESTICIDES ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CHERRY FRUITS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2014. № 29(5). pp. 160–172. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/14/05/15.pdf. (request date: 28.03.2024).