Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Issue: 41(5)

Date posted: 16.09.16

Total articles: 15

Total authors: 31

Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection

pdf
101 Кб
5 с.

Date posted: 16.09.2016
How to cite
Eremin G. [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 1–5. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/01.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
123 Кб
7 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 634.8.537.6
Keywords: PRODUCTION OF VITICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE, COMPETITIVENESS, IMPORT SUBSTITUTION , SPECIALIZATION , MICROZONING, ASSORTMENT, STORAGE, SALES

Annotation

In the article the questions connected with the entry of the Russian Federation into the World Trade Organization and need of import substitution are discussed. It is noted that further development of vine-winemaking branch, the fruit growing and the canning industry has to develop on the basis of the innovative technologies directed to increase in competitiveness of production and her integration into domestic and foreign markets. In this regard the attention to necessity of carrying out of some structural changes in the considered branches, the development of innovative technologies and their introduction in the production is accented. On the basis of generalization of production experience and scientific research of the last years in the Republic of Daghestan, the main ways of further development and increase in competitiveness of production of priority branches - wine growing and fruit growing are shown and proved. It is especially noted that considerable theoretical and practical interest, in respect of increase in the competitiveness of production, is represented by studying, preservation and use of a local gene pool of grapes and fruit crops, and also an introduction in the Republic of promising new varieties with complex stability. The multiprogramme breeding work on creation of new high-quality grapes varieties with use as parental forms of separate high-valuable local Daghestan varieties is carried out. It is shown that further development of wine growing and fruit growing in the Republic of Daghestan will be mainly implemented on the principles of ecological and adaptive agriculture which provides the development and introduction in the production process of power and resource-saving technologies and biologization and greening cultivation of grapes and fruit crops. The closer collaboration of scientific institutions and manufacturing enterprises is necessary for successful realization of these tasks.

How to cite
Adzhiev A., Kontayev I., Mufaradzhev K. SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND INCREASING IN COMPETITIVENESS OF WINE GROWING AND FRUIT GROWING PRODUCTION OF DAGHESTAN [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 6–12. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/02.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
150 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 663.8
Keywords: APPROBATION, STATE TESTING OF VARIETY, LICENSING, VARIETY, SELECTION, ROYALTY, ACCELERATION OF SELECTION PROCESS

Annotation

The selective breeding process is labor-consuming and expensive; therefore the breeding companies around the world try to introduce more progressive and economic technologies of varieties creating with new qualities and to protect the scientific achievements, which provide the competitiveness of the grown-up commodity products. The problems of increase in efficiency of breeding works with their simultaneous decreasing in cost and protection of breeding achievements and adequate assessment of work of the plant-breeders are extremely important also for our coun-try, but the system of laws and established practices don't conform to the specified requirements.There are some practices connected with acceleration of breeding process at All-Russian research institute of wine growing and winemaking (Novocherkassk). The methods are developed and checked in practice allow the plant-breeders to reduce by two years the period from receiving a seedling until transfer of the candidate for variety to the State variety testing. In the submitted article the experience of creation of new grapes varieties by method of trans-species hybridization is described. The imperfection of system of the State variety testing and licensing of new varieties and practice of protection of breeding achievements is shown. It is noted that the developed system of introduction of new plants varieties exerts the negative impact on all participants of process, without bringing notable benefit to anybody. Therefore in the Russian Federation about 90% of all saplings of fruit and berry crops realized to gardeners in the markets without certificates. The suggestions for improvement of system of State variety testing and protection of the rights of plant-breeders which will allow you to accelerate the inclusion of new varieties in the State register of the breeding achievements permitted to use in the Russian Federation are presented in the conclusion of this article.

How to cite
Maystrenko A. THE MAIN DIRECTIONS TO ACCELERATION OF INCLUSION OF GRAPES VARIETIES IN THE STATE REGISTER OF BREEDING ACHIEVEMENT, PERMITTED FOR USE IN THE RF [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 13–23. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/03.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
306 Кб
8 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 634.8:631.527
Keywords: VARIETY, TRAIT, YIELD CAPACITY, STUDY OF VARIETIES, DISEASE RESISTANCE, FROST RESISTANCE

Annotation

Now in the assortment of the Russian Federation there is a small quantity of steady grapes varieties of super early period of maturing that doesn't allow you to prolong the term of consumption of fresh grapes. Under the conditions of import substitution the introduction of such varieties to industrial cultivation is very urgent task. The results of variety study of Harold new table grapes of All-Russian Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I. Potapenko are presented in the article. The results of variety testing in the uncovered culture are used. When studying we used the standard techniques in vine growing. The Harold variety is selected in the elite in 2004 and it is planned to transfer to the State variety testing in 2016. As a result of carried out variety study is established that Harold grapes concedes a little a control Vostorg variety, because it has lower frost and winter hardiness. The fructification coefficient of Harold grapes is higher, than control, this variety had the mass of cluster and berry close to a control variety and quite high productivity. The consumer maturity of berries of Harold grapes comes earlier Vostorg variety minimum for 10 days that allow you to begin the realization of fresh grapes earlier. At similar amount of sugars in berries juice the studied grapes variety has a titrable acidity in 1,5 times lower, than control variety. The new table Harold grapes of super early maturing possessing the high economic and valuable rates can be recommended for farmer and industrial cultivation using uncovered culture in the Southern vine growing regions of the Russian Federation.

How to cite
Krasokhina S. HAROLD IS THE NEW TABLE GRAPES VARIETY OF SUPER EARLY MATURING TERM [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 24–31. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/04.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
415 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 634.852
Keywords: GRAPES, WINE, VARIETY, AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION, CROP QUALITY

Annotation

The grapevine for thousands years have been growing on the vast territory of the earth under different environmental conditions. The favorable climatic condition is the main factor for the successful cultivation of grapes. The native cultivars from different regions of cultivation is the most valuable part of world gene pool of the crop. The purpose of our work is to select the valuable genotypes of the autochthonous varieties with improved adaptive, economic and technological properties for high-quality wine-making (including not enough spreading and rare native varieties). The object of the research is indigenous Don variety of Makhrovatchik and control variety of Rkatsiteli. The research were conducted in 2008-2015 in an ampelographic collection of the All-Russian Research Ya.I. Potapenko Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking (Novocherkassk). The study was carried out using the modern and classic techniques. Having compared the agrobiological indicators, we note that the Makhrovatchik grapes by most indexes surpass the control variety of Rkatsiteli. Variety of Makhrovatchic has the higher percentages of buds break, coefficient of fruiting, average weight of bunches, productivity and yield capacity. Under the conditions of the micro winemaking the yield of the wort amounted to more than 65%. The wine has a pale straw color, the bright aroma with notes of wild herbs and flowers, the light honey tone, the taste substantial, rounded with long aftertaste. Wine tasting score is 8,6 points, that is the same level that control Rkatsiteli. Analysis of the results of long-term research has shown that Makhrovatchik grapes stands out by complex of agronomic characteristics with improved adaptive and technological properties for high-quality wine-making. Taking into account the facts above, we recommend the variety of Makhrovatchik for assortmen's expansion of production plantations under the conditions of the Lower Don Region.

How to cite
Naumova L., Ganich V., Matveeva N. MAKHROVATCHIK IS THE PROMISING INDIGENOUS GRAPES VARIETY FOR QUALITY WINE-MAKING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 32–46. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/05.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
241 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 581.331.2 : 58.04 : [634.13+634.23]
Keywords: POLLEN, MALE GAMETHOPHYTE, HEAVY METALS, PEAR, CHERRY, SWEET CHERRY

Annotation

The data on influence of lead cations on men's gametophyte of fruit crops are absent and it makes urgent the scientific pilot study of this problem. Experimental studying of resistance to stress of a men's gametophyt of fruit plants is possible when modeling the negative situations under the conditions "in vitro". The laboratory method of research of pollen growing up on artificial nutrient medium is wide spreading. In a number of research it is shown that viability of pollen under the conditions "in vitro" is significantly higher, than "in vivo". In the research for the experimental analysis of a hemo resistance of a men's gametophyt we used the pollen of 10 genotypes of a pear, 9 - cherries and 3 genotypes of sweet cherries. The analysis of functional activity of a men's gametofit of fruit crops was carried out by the modernized D.A. Trankovsky's technique, taking into account an indicator of growing up of pollen grains on the artificial nutrient medium under the conditions "in vitro". The laboratory analysis did not reveal the significant inhibiting influence of cations of heavy metals, on the example of lead salts, on functional activity of men's gametophyt of genotypes of a pear, cherry and sweet cherry. The positive effect of nitric food in a nitrate form on growing up "in vitro" of pear pollen grains is established. It means that the choice of nitrates of toxic metals as selective agents when studying a men's gametophyt of fruit plants is inadmissible. In the conclusion of article is noted that the level of impurity of the environment of chemical pollyutants significantly influences on the degree of fertility and viability of pollen of many species of fruit plants, therefore the morpho-physiological indicators of pollen grains noted in our research can be the marker signs of territories bioindication.

How to cite
Dubrovsky M. RESISTANCE OF POLLEN OF PEAR, CHERRY AND SWEET CHERRY GENOTYPES TO PLUMBUM CATIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS IN VITRO [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 47–58. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/06.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Resource potential of the agricultural territories

pdf
495 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 631432:634.8
Keywords: BANKS OF THE VESELOVSKOE RESERVOIR, VINEYARDS, SALINIZATION AND ALKALINIZATION OF SOIL, QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER

Annotation

The article presents the results of the survey area adjacent to the Veselovsky reservoir. This is an interesting and very complex area, which the previously vineyard science has not paid of proper attention because it is outside the places of traditional viticulture. The territory is viewed with the route passages, studied and analyzed its space photographes. We studied in detail the key plot, research in which was performed in accordance with existing recommendations for assessing the suitability of soils for vineyards. We analyzed the climate, history of the region formation, geomorphology and we assessed the quality of the water in the Veselovsky reservoir and Sadkovskiy canal as a possible source of irrigation. On the various elements of the microrelief the wells are drilled, the soil profiles are laid down and described, the chemical analyzes of soil samples are carried out. Particular attention is paid to salinization and alkalinization of soils as the factors which are associated with major risks when we are assessing the suitability of soils for vineyards. Construction of the reservoir changed the reclamation situation. The most saline areas were flooded. In today's shores the groundwater level has risen, the processes of prairiefication, alinization and alkalinity soils are started. At present, the territory above the average water level in the reservoir which less than 4.0 meters are not suitable for laying of vineyards. The areas are suitable for vineyards located higher. The water quality in the bay Balka Bolshaya Sadkovka for vineyard irrigation purposes is estimated as satisfactory. The mineralization of water in the Sadkovskiy canal is two times lower than that of water in the bay. The use of this water for irrigation of vineyards is preferable.

How to cite
Naumenko V., Lopatkina E. ASSESSMENT OF THE BANKS OF THE VESELOVSKOE RESERVOIR FOR THE CULTIVATION OF VINEYARDS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 59–74. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/07.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Breeding and production of planting material

pdf
1550 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 634. 2.634.03
Keywords: NURSERY, IMPORT SUBSTITUTION, TOLERANT COMBINATION TO VIRAL DISEASES, TECHNOLOGY OF INTENSIVY AND ADAPTIVE TYPE, AGGRESSIVE MARKETING

Annotation

In this article the problems of a modern nursery organization are presented, the features of development of landing material production in the Krasnodar Region according to import substitution are shown. During the fast development of production of various landing material the most important problems are the assortment of cultivated crops; the insufficient use of modern technologies of saplings production; the phytosanitary condition of nurseries; the lack of basic nurseries and modern hi-tech infrastructure; big share of manual works, etc. Lack of self-fertile varieties of many crops is observed, nurseries have not a wide line of varieties of various term of maturing, low focus on preferences of domestic consumers is noted. Because of climate shift from moderate continental to sharply continental the lack of adaptive technologies of cultivation and the corresponding varieties and rootstocks is sharply felt. For the solution of these problems the priority directions of development of a modern nursery with use of new achievements in virology, immunology, etc. are offered. The improvement of assortment of landing material of varieties and rootstocks highly adapted to bio and abiotic stressors is offered. The emphasis is made hat nursery farms have to rely on the market research carried out in this region and make their work taking into account the demands of certain groups of consumers. The development of the aggressive marketing technologies capable to resist to expansion of foreign technologies and import products on the Russian market is necessary, and scientific institutions have to the leading position in this process. In the article the strategy of the organization of production of landing material is offered considering to the different opportunities of the farms which are growing up the landing material of garden crops.

How to cite
Kuznetsova A., Tyshchenko E. PRIORITY DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN NURSERY IN CONNECTION WITH THE DECISION OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION PROBLEMS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 75–87. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/08.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

General agrotechnics (systems, technology)

pdf
1010 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 634.86 : 631.526.32/.53.031.003.13
Keywords: FRESH GRAPES, IMPORT SUBSTITUTION, GREEN HOUSES, EARLY TERM OF MATURING

Annotation

The Crimea is known as a recreational zone where a question of early receipt of fresh grapes during a resort season, and also the extension of the period of its consumption is very urgent. For the solution of this task the cultivation of grapes of early table varieties under the conditions of the covered soil is offered, that will provide the super early harvests. The agric and biological characteristics of table varieties of very early maturing are studied. The variability of beginning and passings of phenological phases is established, the potential efficiency and productivity is defined. The economic effect of cultivation of grapes varieties under the conditions of the uncovered and covered soil is estimated. Four table grapes varieties of very early maturing - Arkadia (control), Vostorg, Kodryanka, Livya are researched. It is shown that Arkadia and Kodryanka varieties have the rather late blooming of buds in the covered soil, and in the open soil. It is established that under the conditions of the covered soil the technological maturity of the studied grapes varieties in average comes in the second decade of July, at the same time a difference in terms of approach of technological maturity is in average 25 days. The smallest harvest from a bush is received for Vostorg grapes in covered soil (7,5 kg), and in the open ground (6,9 kg). The top yield is received at Livya variety in the covered soil - 11,2 kg. Indicators of net profit of Vostorg grapes have not insignificant distinctions when use the various technologies of cultivation. The Arkadia grapes (847,5 thousand rub/hectare), the Kodryanka (956,9 thousand rub/hectare) and the Livya (1291,4 thousand rub/hectare) allow you to gain the high economic effect of grapes cultivation in the covered soil.

How to cite
Likhovskoy V., Vasylyk I., Petrashko V. ESTIMATION OF CULTIVATING EFFICIENCY OF EARLY RIPENING TABLE GRAPES VARIETIES IN THE COVERED SOIL [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 88–99. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/09.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Mineral nutrition of plants

pdf
186 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 634.1 : 631.8
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, INTENSIVE ORCHARDS, FERTILIZER SISTEM, SOIL FERTILITY, PLANT PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY

Annotation

The results of research of efficiency of system use of organic and mineral fertilizer of domestic production "Universalnoe" of prolonged action and annual leef feeding by Akvarin special fertilizers of various brands in the apple fructifying plantings of Prikubanskoye and Aydared varieties on M9 rootstock are presented in the article. In an experiment the standard methodical instructions for carrying out research in the long experiences with fertilizers were used. In fifth year experience after intra soil introduction of the "Universalnoe" fertilizer of prolonged action have been fixed the essential excess of content in the garden soil of mobile forms of the basic mineral elements in comparison with control option (without fertilizers). It is shown that the changing of the soil chemical indicators have been connected with nature of localization of fertilizer of prolonged action. The traits of localization were observed at a soil depth of 0-40/45 cm. In the leaves of shoots of the studied apple-tree varieties is noted the increase in content of nitrogen on 3-7 % and the content of potassium exceeded an indicator of control option on 7-18 %. The increase in the content of mineral elements in the leaves was followed by increase in activity of assimilation processes of apple-tree plants. It is shown that the conditions of mineral food of an apple-tree created by means of fertilizer system have been provided the higher level of soil fertility for realization of reproductive potential of apple-tree varieties of Aydared and Prikubanskoye. The economic effect in relation to control option was expressed in the receiving of additional net income from use of fertilizers of 18,4-58,7 thousand rub/hectare, and profitability level when use of fertilizers made 92-270,5 %.

How to cite
Sergeeva N. RESOURCE SAVING SYSTEM OF FERTILIZERS OF INTENSIVE GARDEN [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 100–109. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/10.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
270 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 634.1:631.4:549(477.7)
Keywords: MINERAL NUTRITION, FRUIT AGRIC CENOSIS, FERTILIZATION, YIELD CAPACITY

Annotation

For regulation of productional processes of fruit crops through the optimization of the mineral soil mode there is urgent a choice of effective methods of diagnostics of plants nutrition on the basis of experiences with fertilizers which will allow you to give a complex assessment of quality of fruit-trees nutrition in certain phases of their growth and development. As a result there is an opportunity to influence quickly on realization of productional potential of fruit plants. The purpose of these research were the establishment of ranges of optimal values of the main parameters in the "soil - fruit - tree" system which will provide the optimization of process of fruit trees nutrition and the maximal manifestation of their potential. As a result of the research carried out by us it is established that the level of accumulation of the main nutrients in the soil and the intensity of their receipt in the plants of apple-tree and pear-tree depend on changes of NPK content due to application of fertilizers, and also on the hydrothermal mode of the soil. The optimal ranges of content and ratio of NPK in the soil and leaves of apple-tree and pear-tree for activation of their productional processes are specified. It is shown that for productivity formation in the fruit plantings of the studied crops not lower than 30 t/hectare, the necessary level of P2O5 content in the soil are 35÷46 mg/kg and the content of nitrogen and potassium in the leaves are 1,8÷2,2 % and 0,35÷0,60 % respectively, NPK ratio in the leaves is 4,6-5,7: 1: 1,1-2,3. The possibility of use of advanced methods of plants and soil diagnostics for development of scientifically reasonable rational systems for mineral fertilizers introduction in the orchards of the South of Ukraine is proved.

How to cite
Maljuk T., Pcholkina N. MINERAL NUTRITION REGIME AS AN ELEMENT OF CONTROL OF PRODUCTIVITY OF FRUIT AGRIC CENOSES IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 110–121. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/11.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
170 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 634.2:631.816.35
Keywords: SWEET CHERRY, PLUM, VARIETIES, TREATMENT, TERM, BORIC ACID, LOW TEMPERATURES, GENERATIVE BUDS, FLOWERS, YIELD CAPACITY

Annotation

Now in the connection with a solution of the problem of import substitution the gardeners of the South of Russia have a task to increase in volumes of fruits production. However the solution of this task is restrained by frequent manifestation of weather stressors, including the intensity of a temperature factor. The purpose of research is to prove by phisiological and biochemical methods the prospects and terms of boric acid use for increase in productivity of stone fruit crops in the years, various on weather conditions, including the manifestation of low temperatures during the winter and spring period. Sweet cherry varieties of Frantsis and Kavkazskaya on sweet cherry seedlings and plum varieties of Stenly and Prikubanskaya on cherry plum seedlings are studied. It is revealed the positive influence of boron on economic efficiency of Frantsis sweet cherry: the autumn and spring processings of trees of boric acid have provided the increase in productivity by 14-17%. The similar data have been obtained also when processing of plum. Autumn processing of plum trees by boric acid causes the increase in RNA content for 5-7% in the top buds of one year shoots. It is shown that under the conditions of the Southern Region of the Russian Federation the processing of sweet cherry and plum trees by boric acid in autumn and spring terms exerts the positive impact on generative activity of plants. Increase in productivity is provided due to increase in quantity of flowers on a tree (at autumn processing) and efficiency of fertilization (at spring processing). The positive influence of boric acid (processing in the spring) on preservation of viable pollen when temperature stressor action (spring frosts) is established. The various reaction of varieties to processing is revealed.

How to cite
Doroshenko T., Ryazanova L., Zaharchuk N., Maksimtsov D. INFLUENCE OF TERMS OF BORIC ACID USE ON GENERATIVE ACTIVITY OF STONE FRUIT CROPS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 122–131. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/12.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Manage environmental and food safety

pdf
149 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 632.95:634.8
Keywords: PESTICIDES, SOIL, GRAPES, TOXIC REMAINS, ADMISSIBLE NORMS

Annotation

Results of the ecological-toxicological monitoring of grape plantings at intensive technogenic loading which is carried out to the current of several years are presented. The accumulation by the soil of toxic elements and their partial migration established early in plants is confirmed. It leads to decrease in biological activity of the soil and and at the same time to increase in concentration toxic in food (trophic) chains. For improvement of the branch production allowing to improve an ecological condition of grape plantings it is necessary to have the information about the quantitative and qualitative level of pollution of plantings in an ecosystem of vineyards. Therefore the purpose of the real work was scientific justification of ecological-toxicological monitoring, as one of basic elements of the management of biogreening of an ecosystem ampelotseno-call based on ekologo-toxicological normalization and optimization of systems of protection against harmful objects. Definition of the toxic remains was carried out by the standard techniques with use of chromatographs, gas "Colour 500M", liquid "KNAUER" and nuclear absorbing spectrophotometer "Quantum - AFA". It is established that for the period 2010-2014gg at pesticidal load of agrogrounds of grape plantings 124 kg/ga the remains of the chemicals exceeding admissible norms were found in the soil to 10,0 PDK and in grapes to 4,0 MDU. In total it was found pesticides on active ingredient to 24 names, among them 10 connections of the toxic metabolites which are characterized not by smaller danger, than an initial preparation. By results of researches the method of ecological-toxicological monitoring of grapes plantings (patent No. 2380888) is developed and patented. The main estimated indicators of an after-effect of the pesticides applied in branch which are among "background" and "seasonal" pollutants of vineyards are established depending on agrotechnical methods of cultivation of grapes.

How to cite
Vorobyova T. SCIENTIFIC SUBSTATIATION OF ECOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL MONITORING WHEN INTENSIVE TECHNOGENIC LOAD [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 132–141. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/13.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Publishing of young scientists and postgraduates

pdf
156 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 632.3:632.911.2
Keywords: GRAPES, BACTERIAL CANCER, PATHOGENIC AGROBACTERIUM, PCR, VIR GENES

Annotation

Bacterial cancer of grapes is the most dangerous and wide spread disease of grapes in a world. In the Krasnodar Region now the death of grapes plant-ings from this disease has increased in 2-2,5 times. The causative agent of a disease often extends in new areas with landing material without symptoms of disease; therefore the diagnosis of bacterial cancer is an important task of wine growing branch. This article is devoted to this question. For research we have taken the tumorous outgrowths of bacterial cancer found on grapes plants of various ecological-geographical origin (Italy, France, Serbia, Russia) on vineyards of Krasnodar Region. In total 22 grapes samples are analysed. DNA from tumors is defined using the modified CTAB method. For research of isolates of Agrobacterium we used two methods of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - classical PCR and PCR in real time (PCR-RV). By PCR-RV method with use the test-system to pehA gene the presence of DNA in all analyzed samples of the studied grapes varieties is detected. Selective amplification of six DNA samples by PCR classical method with the use of test-system to virF gene has revealed the target fragments in all studied grapes samples. In these samples of the tumorous gall outgrowths found on grapes plants in the territory of Krasnodar Region the agrobacterium of A. vitis type is revealed as the causative agent of bacterial cancer of grapes. Accoding to the results of the carried out research we came to a conclusion that the use of methods of molecular and genetic identification allows us to give a diagnosis quickly and precisely of the causative agent of bacterial cancer disease for grapes plants.

How to cite
Makarkina M., Vladimirov I., Ilnitskaya E., Matveyeva T. DIAGNOSIS OF GRAPES CROWN GALL WITH APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR AND GENETIC METHODS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 142–151. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/14.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
371 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 16.09.2016
UDC: 631.41 : 631.81 : 634.11
Keywords: FRUIT ORCHARDS, SPATIAL DIFFERENCE OF SOILS, LOCAL APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS, AGRIC GENE DIFFERENTIATION OF SOIL, AGRIC-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL

Annotation

Detection of distinctions of soil fertility of garden cenoses is the main criterion defining the efficiency of the differentiated application of fertilizers. The elements of precision use systems of mineral fertilizers at drop irrigation in the fruit plantings taking into account the defference of soil fertility indicators are studied insufficiently. The purpose of research is to determine the consistent patterns of change of providing levels of an apple-tree with available elements of food in a zone of localization of mineral fertilizers at small-volume irrigation taking into account the difference of soil cover. The research are carried out under the conditions of unstable moistening of Krasnodar Region in the industrial plantings of apple-tree of the varieties of winter term maturing on M9 rootstock cultivated using the intensive technologies. As a result of a soil- agric-chemical research the considerable change of soil fertility parameters depending on a zone of selection of soil samples is established. In the places of local application of fertilizers the content of nitrate nitrogen increases in 19,3 mg/kg on average, ammoniac nitrogen - on 4,74 mg/kg and exchange potassium - on 92,5 mg/kg in a soil layer of 0-30 cm. The fertigation has exerted the considerable impact on variability of soil properties; the strengthening of micro variability of soil parameters of agric-physical and agric-chemical conditions of soils is noted. It is shown that introduction when fertigation even rather small doses of mineral fertilizers on elementary sites of the increased provide with nutrients does not lead to increase in maintenance of food elements in the soil. A conclusion is made that in the garden cenoses cultivated by intensive technologies it is necessary to develop a complex of agric-technical methods of application of the differentiated doses of the mineral fertilizers combining an intra soil introduction, a fertigation and not root top dressing of fruit plants.

How to cite
Fomenko T., Popova V. ENSURING OF APPLE-TREE WITH NUTRIENT ELEMENTS USING FERTIGATION TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DIFFERENCE OF SOIL INDEXIES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 41(5). pp. 152–167. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/05/15.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).