Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Issue: 61(1)

Date posted: 15.01.20

Total articles: 15

Total authors: 42

DOI of issue: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61

pdf
556 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 338.43
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-1-15
Keywords: VITICULTURE, TRENDS, FACTORS, PROSPECTS, REGULATION, SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL POTENTIAL, DEVELOPMENT

Annotation

The attention is focused on the aspects of increasing in the level of food self-sufficiency and the resulting by it the import substitution, the need for resource-technological development of viticulture and nursery in the Russian Federation is substantiated. A retrospective analysis is carried out, an assessment of the current state of the Russian wine and wine industry is made and the main trends in its development are identified. In order to develop nursery farming for the production of planting material in the proper volume and assortment, the need for the formation and systematic implementation of varietys and technological policies is substantiated, and due to the fact that macroeconomic processes distort the structure of production and accumulation the need for various and stable forms of State regulation and support. In order to achieve the goals of increasing in the production of certified grape seedlings in an amount that covers the needs for planting and renovation of plantations, the creation of breeding and nursery centers has been actualized to ensure the breeding process and the propagation of promising grape varieties in volumes that reduce an import dependence. The factors affecting the technological development of the vine and wine industry are identified. The role of science in the development of the vine and wine industry is determined. Based on many years analysis of the sectoral economics, climatic, agrocenotic changes and urgent scientific and practical problems, a number of scientific tasks are formulated, the solution of which is aimed at increasing in the efficiency and competitiveness of industrial production. The areas for the development of a sectoral economics, import substitution and concentration of scientific and technical potential and financial and material resources for achieving the target indicators in the development of the vine and wine industry are proposed, the implementation of which for the medium term is correlated with the fundamental positions of the Federal Law On Viticulture and Winemaking in the Russian Federation adopted this year.

How to cite
Egorov E., Shadrina Z., Kochyan G. ASSESSMENT OF CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF VITICULTURE AND NURSERY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 1–15. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/01.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-1-15 (request date: 28.03.2024).

Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection

pdf
1019 Кб
17 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 634.13:631.523:004.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-16-32
Keywords: PEAR, BREEDING, FRUIT, AUTOMATED SYSTEMCOGNITIVE ANALYSIS, ASC-ANALYSIS, EIDOS SYSTEM

Annotation

In the breeding of fruit crops, in particular pears, the selection of hybrid offspring is very time- consuming and limit y the long-term cycle and it cause the inability identify the valuable traits of plant in the first years. This entails the need for further study of a larger number of samples, which ultimately does not lead to the positive results. Therefore, the possibility of applying the systemic cognitive analysis (ASK analysis) allows you to identify the patterns in the available information, analyze it and, based on this, give the possible forecasts. The quantitative estimation results of fruit quality of pear varieties and hybrids on signs complex with using an automated system-cognitive analysis (ASC-analysis) and its software toolbox of intellectual system Eidos have been shown in this work. 3 statistical and 7 system-cognitive models have been generated, in which generalized the images of classes by quantitative estimation of signs complex of fruit quality of pears genotypes. Influence of values of genotyping features has been studied. The most reliable turned out to be model INF4, based on private criterion of ROI Return On Investment, the first variant of calculation of relative frequencies has appeared the most authentic: Nj - total quantity of signs on j class at integrated criterion of Sum of knowledges. By means of created model have been the forecasting problems (diagnostics, categorizations, recognitions, identification). Degree of classes determinancy and gradation importance of descriptive scales has been defined. Clusterizated analysis allocates 2 groups of genotypes on complex of quality signs. Possibilities of use of new algorithms clusterizated analysis in a method of cognitive clusterization, based on the ASK-analysis and realised in the intellectual Eidos system for a quantitative estimation of fruits quality in pear breeding have been defined. The results of agglomerative clusterization, differing from earlier known classical methods has been shown.

How to cite
Kiseleva N. APPLICATION OF CLUSTERIZATION METHOD IN THE SYSTEM-COGNITIVE ANALYSIS AND INTELLECTUAL SYSTEM EIDOS IN PEAR BREEDING ON THE SET SIGNS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 16–32. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/02.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-16-32 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
587 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 575.11: 634.84
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-33-43
Keywords: VITIS VINIFERA GENOTYPES, LOCAL GRAPE CULTIVARS OF ABKHAZIA, SSR-LOCI, DNA-FINGERPRINT

Annotation

Traditional ampelographic descriptions are supplemented by molecular genetic data in the study of the grape gene pool at the present time. The territory of Abkhazia is one of the centers of the cultivated grapes arising; many wild-growing forms and ancient native grape varieties are found here. Local native cultivars of different regions are the important part of world grape gene pool of Vitis vinifera. We performed the genotyping of Kachich grape plants, which can be qualify as the most famous local variety of Abkhazia. SSR markers recommended by the Union of Grape Genetics for genotyping of Vitis vinifera were used in the work: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, VrZAG79. Molecular genetic analysis was carried out performed by PCR using an ABI Prism 3130 automatic genetic analyzer. The objects of study are grape plants cultivated at three points in Abkhazia under the name Kachich and have morphological characteristics similar to the variety described in the USSR Ampelography. DNA analysis revealed that one of the analyzed samples is significantly different from the other two samples in microsatellite profiles. Thus, it can be argued that, in general, at least two different genotypes with similar morphological characteristics are grown under one name in Abkhazia, and, two other samples of the variety showed identical DNA profiles of plants. According to ampelographic features, these samples are closed to the description of the Kachich morphotype presented in ampelography. One of these samples grows in the collection of Wines and Waters of Abkhazia company and were planting with planted material from the ampelographic collection of the Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Magarach. It can be concluded that we obtained the DNA profile of the Kachich genotype corresponding to the morphological description of the variety.

How to cite
Ilnitskaya E., Makarkina M., Tokmakov S., Krasilnikov A., Aiba V., Avidzba M. GENOTYPING OF GRAPE PLANTS OF KACHICH VARIETY FROM DIFFERENT PLACES OF GROWING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 33–43. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/03.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-33-43 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
485 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 634.84.09: 575.222.72: 575.113
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-44-53
Keywords: GRAPES, DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANSE, VITIS AMURENSIS, DNA-MARKERS, RPV10, RPV12

Annotation

The main grape varieties used as table varieties and for winemaking belong to the species Vitis vinifera L., which has a high quality of berries, but rather low resistance to diseases and frost. One of the donors of valuable features f or the breeding of grape varieties is the species of Vitis amurensis Rupr. For example, some V. amurensis genotypes carry the downy mildew resistance genes of Rpv10 and Rpv12. The aim of the work is to study the genetic potential of resistance to downy mildew by DNA-marker analysis of some hybrid forms obtained using Amur grapevines. The research was carried out on the DNA of twenty-one grape genotypes, created by F.I. Shatilov using V. amurensis, and preserved in the collection of A.Y. Nemytov (Orenburg Region). DNA extraction was carried out by CTAB method from herbalized young shoots of grape plants. In the work for identification gene Rpv10 the closely linked DNA marker GF09-46 was used to identify the Rpv12 gene markers UDV360, UDV343, flanking the locus of resistance. Separation of reaction products and analysis of PCR fragment size were carried out using an automatic genetic analyzer. As control genotypes in the study the grape varieties those carriers the genes of Kunlean (Rpv12) and Saperavi Severnyi (Rpv10) were included. In two forms under the conventional names Muscat Severniy No. 1 and Hybrid form No. 3 the presence of genes Rpv12 and Rpv10 were revealed, respectively. These genotypes have a number of positive characteristics that are promising in the breeding of table grape varieties and can be considered as the sources o f valuable traits.

How to cite
Ilnitskaya E., Makarkina M., Tokmakov S., Kotlyar V., Nemytov A. DNA-MARKER STUDY OF THE GENETIC POTENTIAL OF DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE IN HYBRID FORMS FROM VITIS AMURENSIS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 44–53. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/04.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-44-53 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
833 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-54-66
Keywords: GRAPES, TABLE CULTIVARS, ASSORTMENT, GLUCO-ACIDOMETRIC INDEX, COMMERCIAL QUALITIES, TRANSPORTABILITY, PERSPECTIVITY

Annotation

Crimea is a resort area, which generates a great demand for early table grapes. The study of agrobiological and economic characteristics of early table grapevine cultivars and assessment of their potential is a question of present interest for the viticulture of Crimea. The aim of the present study is to assess adaptability and potential of introduced table grapevine cultivars based on a set of agrobiological indicators and economically valuable traits with the purpose to recommend them for inclusion into the assortment of grapes cultivated in Crimea. Comprehensive assessment of the agrobiological and economically valuable traits of the studied grapevine cultivars makes it possible to determine their potential for cultivation in the Eastern part of the South Coast zone of Crimea. New table grapevine cultivars belong to early ripening grapes and demonstrate high harvest quality and balanced taste. The studied grapes accumulate sugar within 157,0-175,0 g/dm³, and titratable acids within 5,3-6,5 g/dm³. In terms of potential, Matilda and Victoria Rumynskaya cultivars are not inferior to standard control cultivar Italia. Victoria Rumynskaya cultivar is superior to the standard in terms of fertility (K1 = 1,14), and demonstrates high transportability coefficient T1 (70 %). Matilda grapes demonstrated high bush fertility and balanced taste (gluco-acidometric index = 24,2), and was superior to control cultivar in the standard product output (80,1 %). It is noted in the article, that the use and introduction of the above cultivars into the grapevine assortment of Crimea can expand the consumption of fresh grapes of early ripening cultivars and improve the image of Crimea as a resort area.

How to cite
Beibulatov M., Yrdenko N., Tihomirova N., Buivol R. PERSPECTIVITY OF TABLE GRAPES VARIETIES FOR VARIETY RENEWAL OF CRIMEA ASSORTMENT [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 54–66. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/05.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-54-66 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
778 Кб
17 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 634.8.
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-67-83
Keywords: TABLE VINE CULTIVARS, AGROBIOLOGICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL INDICATORS, MATHEMATICAL APPROACHES, AMPELOGRAPHIC EVALUATION

Annotation

For theoretical and especially practical viticulture, the information related to the ampelographic characteristics of cultivated grape varieties in the specific areas are of interest always, and especially when the results of applying the modern mathematical methods are included. An ampelographic study of table vine cultivars grown in South Bulgaria has been conducted through the application of modern mathematical methods of analysis. It has been found that Victoria grapes is characterized by the highest fertility coefficient. The percentage of fruiting shoots is the highest in Matilda, and the percentage of angular buds developed in Rousse Large and Pance Prekos. The greatest weight of 100 berries has been reported in Palieri, Danube and Rousse Large grape varieties. The share of the skins in the berries is the most considerable in Bolgar, and the share of seeds in the Muscat Hamburg. The sugar content of grape berries is the highest in Muscat Hamburg, while the titratable acids are the highest in Italy and Pance Prekos. Danube and Italy grapes are the most suitable for transportation. The study carried out has been shown that the yield per vine and per decare is the greatest in Danube and Victoria. A dominant influence the distribution of the studied cultivars into clusters, according to their genetic remoteness, is exerted by the indicators with maximum factor weight fertility coefficient, percentage of fruiting shoots, weight of 100 berries, force of berry tearing and grape yield. The results can be used in agricultural technology and breeding with dessert grape varieties.

How to cite
Keranova N., Roicheva A., Ivanov A., Roichev V., Yaneva V., Milko Y. APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL APPROACHES IN AMPELOGRAPHIC RESEARCH OF TABLE VINE CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE SOUTHERN BULGARIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 67–83. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/06.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-67-83 (request date: 28.03.2024).

Resource potential of the agricultural territories

pdf
598 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 634.2:631.521:001.8:581.5 (470.64)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-84-97
Keywords: METHODS, LIMATE, VARIETY STUDY, ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, OPTIMIZATION OF FRUIT CROP PLACEMENT

Annotation

The natural conditions of KabardinoBalkaria are distinguished by a large mosaic of relief, soil, water and thermal regime. This circumstance must be taken into account when choosing macro- and microzones for the successful cultivation of specific fruit crops, depending on environmental factors. Among large number factors affecting the success of fruit crops cultivation, the climatic and meteorological conditions of the winter-spring period are of primary importance. There are many climatic parameters that determine the growth of fruit plants, but only the main ones that are considered the most significant should be used to create the estimation models. It is known that many climatic parameters are interconnected with each other, which allows, by choosing the main ones, to indirectly take into account many others. In the primary sources, the greatest attention is paid to the parameters characterizing the temperature conditions of fruit plants growth, as well as the conditions of atmospheric humidification. Variety experts and breeders are trying to replenish and change the species-varietal composition of fruit crops for each fruit zone of the KBR (foothill, steppe, forest, mountain-steppe). Based on graphical and mathematical modeling, as well as a synthesis of literature data, the critical values of negative temperatures are allocated when placing the fruit crops in the main areas of horticulture according to the phases of plants ontogenesis. Long-term research on varietys study and breading of stone fruit crops (peach, apricot) and microclimatic observations in comparison with long-term data and the use of modern methodological technologies allow us to substantiate a model for optimizing the placement of fruit crops under the difficult soil and climatic conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.

How to cite
Ahmatova Z., Cardanov A. USING OF MODERN EVALUATING METHODS OF CLIMATE CONDITIONS FOR OPTIMIZATION OF FRUIT CROPS PLACEMENT [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 84–97. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/07.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-84-97 (request date: 28.03.2024).

Breeding and production of planting material

pdf
638 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 581.143.6:582.931.4
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-98-107
Keywords: LILAC, IN VITRO, MICRO-SHOOTS, CONTAMINATION

Annotation

Syringa is a genus of about 27 wild species of flowering woody plants of the Oleaceae family. Syringa vulgaris L. is known with a wide variety of decorative varieties and hybrids suitable for use in urban and rural landscapes. In the botanical gardens and nurseries, the lilac is propagated with green cuttings or grafts, but all of its varieties do not reproduce well by these ways. There are difficulties in propagating the most decorative varieties. The production of a large number of varietal plants is limited by the season, the process of grafting, cutting and getting shoots is labor-intensive, and requires the presence of uterine plantations. Therefore, there is a need for development ways to propagate lilac that would be universal for all varieties and would create a cost-effective technology of fast reproduction of planting material. In vitro methods have opened up the new areas of research that can overcome the problems of traditional methods and ensure the rapid plants propagation on an industrial scale. Lilac plants obtained by microclonal propagation have several advantages over drafted ones. They are more lasting, decorative, quickly develop and bloom, and form the ideal habitus of the bush. In vitro plants have the juvenility signs, which allow them to be successfully propagated by other vegetative methods, especially by green cuttings. Objects of research are lilac varieties: Geisenkalis, Primrose, Marie Frances, Krasavitsa Moskva, Sensatsiya. The article presents the results of influence of the selection date (04/22/19 and 05/15/19) the contamination nation and the survival rate of five lilac varieties explants. The analysis have been shown that the contamination of the microshoots selected on April 22, 2019 was significantly less than that for the microshoots selected on May 15, 2019 and amounted to 37.4 and 67,2 %, respectively. The survival rate of explants was 57,7 % and 19,2 %.

How to cite
Lobodina E., Suprun I., Tyshchenko E., Belenko E. INFUENCE OF DATA OF EXPLANT PICKING FOR SYRINGA (SYRINGA VULGARIS L.) THE VIABILITY AND CONTAMINATION DURING INTRODUCTION INTO IN VITRO CULTUR [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 98–107. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/08.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-98-107 (request date: 28.03.2024).

General agrotechnics (systems, technology)

pdf
726 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 634.1-15
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-108-121
Keywords: FRUIT CROPS, SOLITARY BEES, HONEY BEES, BUMBLEBEES, POLLINATORS, DYNAMICS OF QUANTITY

Annotation

The problem of insufficient knowledge of fruit crops apian-pollinators, in particular of solitary bees, is being analyzed in the article. Species of apian-pollinators have been defined including 52 species belonging to 6 families. Among the apians, which were registered on fruit crops, the most numerous in all agroclimatic zones were 10 (19,2 %) species: Andrena flavipes, A. haemorrhoa, A. nana, A. tibialis, A. nitidiuscula, A. suerinensis, Osmia rufa, Eucera curvitarsis, Bombus agrorum and Apis mellifera, which are the main pollinators. 4 species of fruit crops pollinators were the dominantones in the central zone of Krasnodar Region (Andrena flavipes, Osmia rufa, Bombus agrorum, Apis mellifera 57,1 %), the group of mass pollinators was represented by 3 species (Andrena haemorrhoa, A. nana, A. nitidiuscula 28,6 %). 4 species were belonged to the dominant group in the Western delta zone (Andrena flavipes, Osmia rufa, Bombus agrorum, Apis mellifera 52,2 %), 5 species of pollinators were the most common (Andrena haemorrhoa, A. nana, A. tibialis, A. suerinensis, Eucera curvitarsis 43,5 %). 3 species of pollinators dominated (Osmia rufa, Bombus agrorum, Apis mellifera 42,9 %), 5 species were the most common Andrena flavipes, A. tibialis, A. nitidiuscula, A. suerinensis, Eucera curvitarsis 47,6 %) in the Southern foothill zone. Amount of solitary and honey bees far exceeds the quantity of insects from other orders. For 3 years of studies the average registered of solitary bees was 35,5 on marked brunch, as well as honey bee 32,4 and only 5,6 insects of other orders on pollination of anapple tree. Respectively on pollination of a cherry tree the amount was 53, 41,4 and 5,6 individuals. There were no difference of years of studing and the days of flowering and the quantity of pollinators of apple and cherry trees. The difference between groups of pollinators is significant (32,6 % for apple and 87,2 % for cherries). The quantity of apian-pollinators in the garden varies according to the day of flowering, it also depends on series of abiotic factors temperature, humidity, time of a day, velocity and wind direction.

How to cite
Golikov V. VARIETY OF APIAN- POLLINATORS OF FRUIT CROPS IN THE WESTERN CISCAUCASIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 108–121. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/09.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-108-121 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
572 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 664.8:634.11
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-122-137
Keywords: DIGITAL TEHNOLOGIES, FOOD PRODUCTS, MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RECIPE, VEGETABLE RAW MATERIAL

Annotation

The article presents an overview of the current state and the degree of implementation of digital technologies in the food production from vegetable raw materials, allowing to provide a product of a given chemical composition required man under the unfavorable environmental conditions. The computerization of the technological process initiated the creation of industrial robots that make easy a manual human labor and ensure the effectiveness of the management of food personification. The adaptation of robots for processing industries is based on the creation of a mathematical algorithm for performing the required technological operation. The article presents the scientific areas in which the digitalization of the technological process gave a powerful impetus to the breakthrough, first of all, it is additive technologies and, above all, 3D printing of food. The methods and ways of food printing from the point of view of the possibility of individualization of the diet for certain groups of the population. The technological criterions for the suitability of plant row materials in the application of digital technologies in the food production are revealed. It is noted that for the printing of the product is suitable the raw material of soft, easily deformable texture, passing in varying degrees of hardening, steadily preserving the shape of the product. The biologically valuable plant raw material rich in natural polymer hydrocolloids, providing homogenization of raw materials to greasing consistency is effective. From fruit and berry raw materials are technologically suitable for 3-D product the fruits and berries, characterized by a high content of natural dietary fibers, which include hemicellulose, gums and pectin substances. It is noted that the informatization of food technology has helped to link the process of creating a product with mathematical methods of identification and prediction of food quality. The solutions for the informatization of product formulations are presented, based on the use of databases of long-term studies of the chemical composition of fruits and berries associated in the system of balance equations, that allow to individual correct the composition of food.

How to cite
Prichko T., Machneva I., Droficheva N. PREREQUISITES FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FOOD PRODUCTION BASED ON VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 122–137. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/10.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-122-137 (request date: 28.03.2024).

Mineral nutrition of plants

pdf
470 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 634.1:004.6
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-138-147
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, FIELD EXPERIENCE, FERTILIZER, DATABASE

Annotation

Improving the adequacy of forecasts in solving agro-technological problems is carried out through the use of information technology. The empirical information about the object of study is formed by creating the simulation models using computers. In the process of solving the agrotechnological problems, it allows us to analyze the complex systems under the conditions of high dimensionality and incomplete information of their structure. Structured simulation systems include the files with an analytical description of the object, the blocks of expert assessments, simulation and processing of a calculation experiment results (of field experiment). The model relevance increases with the use of the network version of the datas set organized according to certain rules. The assessment of agrochemical factors of garden soil fertility on the effectiveness of soil resources using by perennial fruit plants, the dynamics of mineral elements and metabolites in the leaves is based on the methodology for collecting and analyzing the information using a database obtained in field experiments with fertilizer over the past decade. We have implemented the task of forming the database structure in accordance with the program for studying the effectiveness of fertilizer in the orchard. For storage and analytical processing using the microsoft office excel program, the results of observations, laboratory studies of soil and plants, and also weather data are formalized. The conceptual model of the database is presented, which consists of five blocks: the history of the experiment, the archive of meteorological data, the data of biological indexes and observations, the data of chemical soil analyzes, and the chemical composition of indicating organs (leaves) and fruits. A database structured by this way allows you to optimize the mathematical processing of digital material, as well as quantify the effect of fertilizers the productivity and functional activity of fruit crops, exercise the mathematical modeling, the dispersion and correlation and regression analysis.

How to cite
Sergeeva N., Popova V., Yaroshenko O., Machneva I. METHODICAL ASPECTS OF DATABASE FORMING OF EXPERIMENTS WITH FERTILIZATION OF FRUIT CROPS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 138–147. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/11.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-138-147 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
641 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 634.8.07
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-148-160
Keywords: GRAPES, GIBBERELLIN, SEEDLESS VARIETIES, YIELD CAPACITY, PRODUCT QUALITY

Annotation

The article presents the results of the influence of gibberellin seedless varieties of table grapes of AZOS breeding Lotus (early ripening); Zhemchug Anapa and Kishmish Rozovy AZOS (medium ripeining). Brief information is given how gibberellins are intensively used in viticulture, which affect the growth, development and productivity of plants, as well as the quality of seedless grape varieties. Data of phenological observations, the dynamics of generative organs growth on the phases of growth and development, the daily growth of a grape plant at different periods of development, taking into account the dose of gibberellin and the multiplicity of treatments. The effect of gibberellin on the appearance of bunches was established, the pattern according to the experimental variants was noted to increase in the color intensity with increasing the dose of gibberellin for the varieties of Lotus and Kishmish Rozovy AZOS. The same can be said about the berries shape of these varieties, with an increase in the dose of the drug, the berries were oblong. A direct effect of treatments on the sparseness of future bunches was revealed, this was especially manifested in the Lotus variety. The study tested 8 options of gibberellin using and 3 multiplicity treatments. The optimal concentration of the preparation and the multiplicity of treatments, using the method of dipping, for seedless table grape varieties breeding of AZOS are: for Lotus GK 1 ml / l of water three times (first treatment with GK 0.25 ml), Kishmish Rozovy AZOS GK 1 ml per liter of water twice, Zhemchug Anapa GK 0.25 ml / l of water three times, which increases in the potential yield of bushes to 16.2-46 %.

How to cite
Ahmedova Y. EFFECT OF GIBBERELLIN APPLICATION FOR SEEDLESS GRAPE VARIETIES OF AZES BREEDING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 148–160. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/12.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-148-160 (request date: 28.03.2024).

Phytosanitary condition of plants

pdf
612 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 632.9:631.15:51
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-161-172
Keywords: INFORMATION SYSTEMS, MOBILE APPLICATION, DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES, PLANT PROTECTION, UAV, ROBOT

Annotation

The paper presents a literature review for digital technologies and platform solutions in the field of plant protection, which take the industry to a new level of development. The first step towards digitalization is the wide use in the production of various sensors, data units, and operational monitoring stations. The everyday reality is the use in farms of GPS-navigators, controlling the electronic systems installed on technic, and weather stations in the field. In the next step, data coming from devices connected to a unit network in real time are processed and the specialist is provided with the results of the analysis of multiple factors as well as the reason for subsequent actions. This helps to monitor, differentiate technology elements and make the necessary adjustments for each plot. Easy-to-use applications contain the reference materials, identify the vermins, diseases and weeds and help you to choose the pesticide you need and calculate its amount, select and adjust the nozzles for spraying. The development and use of electronic services for smart agricultural systems are actively developing abroad, the leading companies in the industry strive to adjust for their IoT platforms. Among the Internet of things allow to make the transition to digitalization, unmanned aerial vehicles stand out. The main goal of the drone in plant protection is monitoring and spraying. In the EU, USA, China, Japan, the drones are actively used for crops processing, while in Russia only in May 2019, the Government approved the Rules for the accounting and use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Robotic technologies are also a component of the digital world, they occupy a large niche of application in the agriculture, their use in the world reaches 38 %. In the field of plant protection, the technologies are being developed for ultra low-volume application of pesticides, recognition and registration of harmful objects.

How to cite
Vasilchenko A. INNOVATION AND DIGITALIZATION IN PLANT PROTECTION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 161–172. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/13.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-161-172 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
457 Кб
9 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 632.95:634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-173-181
Keywords: FUNGICIDES, ACTING SUBSTANCES, STRUCTURE, SOIL, GRAPES, TOXIC RESIDUES, DEGRADATION

Annotation

The most effective means of vineyards protection for fungal diseases are the treatment of plants with systemic fungicides. Long-term use of fungicides leads to their accumulation in the ecosystem of vineyards, where they can persist for a long time in the soil in its original form and partially migrate to plants and grapes. Preserving in the soil, the preparations reduce the functioning of beneficial soil microflora, worsen the properties and structure of the soil, intensifying the process of soil degradation. Soil toxic residues, accumulating in the grapes, do not ensure its food safety. The greatest efficiency, but also and environmental hazard, is represented by third- generation fungicides, consisting the previously used active ingredients Falcon, CE (spiroxamine + tebuconazole + triadimenol), Universal SP (tebuconazole), Kolosal, CE (tebuconazole), Kolosal Pro, KME (propiconazole + tebuconazole), having a complex structure that ensures their synergism and cumulativeness. The purpose of the work is to establish the degradation of organic fungicides of complex structures in the ecosystem of ampelocenoses. The residues of the studied fungicides in the soil were determined by well-known methods using a Tsvet 500M gas chromatograph. Research took a place in the vineyards of the specialized economies of the Black Sea coast against the background of long of use of these fungicides. Option 1 of the experiment the lack of treatments with fungicides in the current season; Option 2 fungicide treatments were carried out during research season. It has been established that in soil the toxic residues are detected 10 months after the last treatment in amounts exceeding the MPC by 4,7 times (tebuconazole); 5,2 times (propiconazole); 9,5 times (triadimenol). Some of them, migrate from the soil and accumulate in the grapes, that do not ensure its food safety.

How to cite
Vorobyova T., Podgornaya M., Belkov A. THE DEGRADATION OF FUNGICIDES OF COMPLEX STRUCTURES WHEN PROTECTING THE VINEYARD FROM DISEA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 173–181. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/14.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-173-181 (request date: 28.03.2024).

Publishing of young scientists and postgraduates

pdf
776 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 15.01.2020
UDC: 663.25
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-182-197
Keywords: QUALITY CONTROL, FOOD PRODUCTS, CHILDREN'S NUTRITION

Annotation

A balanced diet is one of the main means of ensuring the normal physical and mental development, increasing in mains organism to diseases resistance. Studies have shown that the most school-age children do not adhere to a good balanced diet, therefore, children do not receive the necessary amount of protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The use of a large quantity of fast food, carbonated drinks, and products fast cooking negatively affects the physical, emotional and mental development of children. A study of statistical data revealed that irregular nutrition contributes to an increase in the number of diseases at an early age. It has been established that over the past 7 years the number of diseases of the endocrine system, neoplasms, metabolic and eating disorders has increased. In this regard, much attention should be paid to the quality and safety of food products, and this is especially important for baby nutrition. At catering enterprises, a food safety management system is introduced and constantly maintained, as well as a HACCP system. The requirements for the catering of children nutrition in health institutions are set in accordance with the sanitary rules SanPiN 2.4.4.3155-13 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the design, maintenance and organization of work of stationary organization for recreation and childrens health, and SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the catering of students in secondary schools, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education. To food safety in the children's camp is given special attention. Quality control of children's nutrition is carried out from the intake of food raw materials up to the sanitary requirements for production stuff. Definition of control critical points allow to minimize or completely eliminate the influence of hazardous factors on food production for the children's camp.

How to cite
Yurova A., Chemisova L. THE NEED TO DETERMINE THE CONTROL POINTS WHEN ASSESSING THE QUALITY AND SAFETY OF FOOD PRODUCTS IN CANTEEN FEEDING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 61(1). pp. 182–197. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/01/15.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-1-61-182-197 (request date: 28.03.2024).