Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Pankin Mikhail
Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking
Articles in journal: (total 25)
One means of intensification of production of planting material is induction of growth corrective effects using bioeffective drugs growth regulators. Objects of study of bioeffective drugs influence on the growth corrective effects were grapes cuttings of technical Aligote variety grafted on Kober 5BB rootstock. As plant growth regulators were preparations obtained in JSC "Institute of Chemical Sciences named A.B. Bekturov" under the code AES-17 and KN-2 and DEB-41. The experiment was divided into two phases. As a result of analysis of all the dates of the first phases were identified three most effective variants of the experiment: AES-17 conc. 1, KN-2 conc. 1 and DEB -41 conc. 3. According to the results of the second phase , it was found that the level of profitability of the best results have options: KN-2 conc. 1 with level of profitability - 157.1 % and DEB -41 conc. 3 with levels of profitability - 134.2 %. These indexes exceeds the level of profitability of the control group on 31.3% and 8.4 %, respectively. It was found that the use of preparation KH 2 conc. 1, in the step before waxing of grafted cuttings, not only increases the yield of grafted grapes seedlings from nursery by 9.6%, but also increases the profitability up to 157.1 %, which is 31.3 % higher than in the control variant. Qualitative indicators of the grown-up saplings in option with preparation KN-2 application, exceeded the indicators of control option. Accounting of development of annual shoots showed that in KN-2 option has the greatest development of shoots which exceeds the control data on 6,7 cm. On qualitative indicators of soldering the most effective options of experience are the next: KN-2 conc. 1, and DEB-41 conc. 3 91,9% and 91,7% respectively.
The results of study of paraffin mixes, with different concentrations of plant growth regulators using, before stratification of grafted grapes cuttings is given. The most cost-effective and least resource-saving versions are determined.
The technology of processing of the soil applied now on vineyards on system of black steam is followed by degradation of the soil, the natural process of reproduction of fertility is broken. For decrease in mechanical impact on the soil the biological and resource-saving ways of the maintenance of the soil of vineyards and the effective use of natural resources in productional process of grapes are offered. Merits and demerits of the existing technological processes and cars providing the reproduction of soil fertility are noted. The perspective way of the maintenance of row-spaces of grapes (patent No. 2459399 C1) allowing to eliminate the existing defects is offered: to decrease of mechanical load on the soil, its consolidation, to restore soil fertility. The biological system of the soil maintenance is its basis: the grassy plants sowed in grapes row-spaces remain on a root in adjacent to a soil surface state. So as don't prevent the vegetation of grapes, a grass is bended. The "pillow" formed thus from a continuous grass cover (a vegetative mulch) protects the soil from an overheat, keeps the soil moisture in a hot season, prevents a deep freezing of the soil in the winter, reduces wind and water erosion, deformation of the soil by cars and slows down a mineralization of organic substances. Involvement of organic weight provides the reproduction of water and physical properties and fertility of the soil. At such maintenance of the soil the productivity of grapes plantings increases, power and labor expenses decrease.
The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of birth of Safaryan Artem Minasovich, the former director of the Anapa Regional Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking. It highlights the contribution of the famous Kuban scientist winemaker, talented organizer of scientific research on viticulture and winemaking, in the formation of viticulture and winemaking science in Russia. The wine brands developed under the guidance of Artem Minasovich were produced on an industrial scale and in different years won a diploma of the first degree, 2 diplomas of the second degree, 4 gold medals, 14 silver and one bronze medal at international tastings.
The analysis of well-known seeder for grass seeding between rows of perennial plants is given. The necessity of developing of new working bodies of seeder for grass seeding between rows of vine is justified. The proposed construction allows to retain the moisture in the soil in hot season; to reduce wind and water erosion, and deformation (compaction) of soil by machines; to reduce energy and labor costs, to increase the yield capacity of vine