Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Sergeeva Natalya
Articles in journal: (total 26)
The analysis of the chemical composition of the apple-tree fruits depending on the level of root nourishment in the intensive plant-ings, on the basis of the results of agrochemical research in the course of experiments with fertilizer of fruit crops is carried out. The equations of dependence between the content of mineral elements in the apple-tree fruit and the content of total forms of elements in the leaves in connection with the level of a root nourish-ment are received.
Full information about the program of orchards nursery development in the south of Russia on 2013-2015 is given.
The results of evaluation of response of apple varieties to additional mineral nutrition are considered in the article.
The article presents the study of efficiency of special fertilizers in their tank mixtures with plant protection products. The research were carried out in the conditions of the western foothill subzone of the Krasnodar Territory on gray forest-steppe soils in the period 2016-2017. The object of study is the apple-tree of Aidared, Renet Simirenko, Golden Delicious varieties on the MM106 rootstock. The trees are planting in 2012. The productivity of apple trees was considered as the main criterion for the effectiveness of fertilizers in tank mixes evaluated in the experiment. For the preparation of tank mixtures next fertilizers are used: Aquarine 5 (18: 18: 18 + 2Mg + 1,5S), Aquarin 13 (13:41:13) and Aquarin 15 (3: 11: 38 + 3Mg + 9S). The introduction of fertilizers into the working solution of protective means was carried out in the main phenophases of the apple-tree development. The results of biological observations showed that in the process of complex application of plant protection means with fertilizers, the dropping of the ovary decreases: the number of preserved full-bodied ovaries in experimental apple plants increased in 1.2-3.0 % (2016) and 4.5-5.5 % (2017) in comparison with the variant without the addition of fertilizers in the working solution of the preparations. This indicator varied depending on the variety: the productivity of apple plants in the indicated variant of the experiment increased in 5.2-10.8 %. Yield capacity of apple-tree in the age-related "growth and fruitage" was 11-25 t/hectare. In addition, we studied the productivity of trees per square meter of the projection area of the crowns. It was found that when the complex application of fertilizers in a tank mixture with the plant protection means, this indicator was higher by 5.6-10.9 %.
Improving the adequacy of forecasts in solving agro-technological problems is carried out through the use of information technology. The empirical information about the object of study is formed by creating the simulation models using computers. In the process of solving the agrotechnological problems, it allows us to analyze the complex systems under the conditions of high dimensionality and incomplete information of their structure. Structured simulation systems include the files with an analytical description of the object, the blocks of expert assessments, simulation and processing of a calculation experiment results (of field experiment). The model relevance increases with the use of the network version of the datas set organized according to certain rules. The assessment of agrochemical factors of garden soil fertility on the effectiveness of soil resources using by perennial fruit plants, the dynamics of mineral elements and metabolites in the leaves is based on the methodology for collecting and analyzing the information using a database obtained in field experiments with fertilizer over the past decade. We have implemented the task of forming the database structure in accordance with the program for studying the effectiveness of fertilizer in the orchard. For storage and analytical processing using the microsoft office excel program, the results of observations, laboratory studies of soil and plants, and also weather data are formalized. The conceptual model of the database is presented, which consists of five blocks: the history of the experiment, the archive of meteorological data, the data of biological indexes and observations, the data of chemical soil analyzes, and the chemical composition of indicating organs (leaves) and fruits. A database structured by this way allows you to optimize the mathematical processing of digital material, as well as quantify the effect of fertilizers the productivity and functional activity of fruit crops, exercise the mathematical modeling, the dispersion and correlation and regression analysis.