Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The research of influence of planting scheme and method of bushes forming on productivity and yield quality of Crystal grapes is advanced. The experiments are conducted under conditions of Low Pridonia in the industrial and intensive orchards created by re-forming of bushes.

Annotation

Results of three-year researches of agro biological features, introduced at the Kuban, clones of grades of grapes are resulted: Pinot black and white, Chardonnay, Riesling. Differences between them in display of the agrobiological and economic and technological signs which use will allow to raise a genetic resource of the studied grades of grapes are shown.

Annotation

The purpose of research is to study the feature of growth, development and fructification of the Crystal grapes in the intensive orchards in case of various schemes of plants landing and ways of maintaining and forming of grapes bushes. The relevance of our work is to study the manifestation of the main agric and biological signs of grapes when the studied agric methods are using. The research were conducted on the grafted vineyards of the Cristal grapes on Cober 5 BB placed in the Novocherkassk District of the Rostov Region. Agric-biological accounting and observations are carried out using the well known technique of agric-technical research. It is shown that the long vines pruning with big formation of bushes has led to restriction of vines selection for the harvest of the current year. On bushes with smaller gabitusa, when dense scheme of landing the choice range of vines for the harvest widens and it significantly reflects in the indicators of shoots productivity. It is found that the highest indicators of load in the grapes orchards of the Crystal variety with bushes form as a small pan in case of 3,0�0,5 scheme of landing. In case of increase in a distance between bushes to 1,5 m, the load standard decreases in 1,5-2 times. The bushes in case of rare landing were more productive, but productivity of orchards in general, on the contrary, was higher in case of the dense scheme of plants landing. The good ability of sugar capacity of the Crystal grapes is noted even in case of the maximal productivity (18,0 t/hectare), the essential decrease in the berries juice of sugar content did not occur. The highest output per man and productivity of vineyards are noted on the middle trunk small pan type formations with plant landing dense (3,0x0,5 m).

Annotation

Under the environmental conditions of the Lower Don area of Russia, for grapes of interspecific origin of the Tsvetochny (Severny x a mixture of pollen varieties: Muscat Hungarian, Muscat Bely and Muscat Alexandria) the studies have been carried out on the effect of methods of vine pruning, as well as the application of various quotas of the vine load shoots the productivity and quality of the crop when non covering and hi-stem the culture of the vine. The paper presents data on the results of the transformation of four-year-old shapeless bushes into various ones, new for the conditions of this climatic zone, as well as the methods of management, formation and pruning of grape plants in industrial-type plantations. In the 80-90s of the 20th century, the grape variety of Tsvetochny was distributed in the vineyards of the Don, and the wines and juices from this variety were awarded by high awards at the world competitions. The optimal methods of maintaining for that conditions, formation and pruning of grape bushes, as well as the modes of operation of plantings and processing of the crop were established. Currently, the Tsvetochny grape variety has almost disappeared from the plantations of the Don vineyards. The task to increase the status of the variety in the structure of plantations and clarify some provisions of the agrotechnical order that contribute to stable and economically justified productivity is actual task. In the experimental part of the agrotechnical research on the Tsvetochny grape variety, it was planned to clarify the results of previous years' research and to lay down the experiments on modern methods of maintaining and formation of non covering industrial-type vineyards.

Annotation

Under the ecological conditions of the Lower Pridonia of the Russian Federation, on the example of a promising grape variety of interspecies origin Crystal, the long term research was carried out to establish the optimal parameters of various agro-technical techniques used in the vineyard (the way of management, formation, pruning and the rate of load of bushes by shoots and harvest). At the same time, the prerequisite for these experiments was to link of agrotechnical way under study with the scheme of bushes planting taking into account its impact the productivity of non-cover up vineyards, as well as the quality of the harvest. Based on the results of research carried out, the technological and economic benefits of new methods offered by us, under the conditions of the Don, for industrial and intensive ways of formation and maintenance of vineyards. Thus, on the usual, non-cover up high-stamp vineyards of industrial type were more effective the ways of bushes keeping on a bunk trellis, with free development of shoots, with the scheme of bushes planting of 3.0 x 1.5 m using the formations: zigzag cordon and Y-shaped. And in the intensive plantations with scheme of bushes planting of 3.0 x 0.5 m the highest productivity of labor and productivity of vine plants is noted when applying a medium-stamp small bowl-shaped mould on a simplified single-wire trellis. The high adaptability of the Kristall variety to the ecological conditions of the Lower Don Region was established. In almost all variants of the experiment, the following were noted: the high fruitfulness of the shoots and their productivity, as well as the yield of the bushes with high technological conditions of berry juice. There was a more intensive increase in the yield of bushes with rare grape plantations in comparison with compacted plantations.