Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

On the territory of Krasnodar region, grapevines have been cultivated since ancient times. However, the study of the gene pool of local wild grapes remains an open question. This study is devoted to the research of wild growing grapevines found in the area of Tonkiy cape of Gelendzhik city. The ecological-geographical and climatic conditions of this territory can be considered as a favorable place for the growth of wild grapevines. Seven samples of vines were found, having some similarities and differences in ecological, biological and morphological indicators. Most of the studied samples are dioecious plants � there are samples with male and female flower types. No inflorescences were found on the one specimen. The material for DNA analysis was selected from the found grape samples. DNA was isolated by CTAB method from herbarized apical leaves. Genotyping of wild-growing forms was performed by microsatellite loci: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZag62, VrZag79 which are used as a standard set for grape varieties DNA fingerprinting, as well as by loci UDV737 and CenGen6, which are linked to locus of resistance to downy mildew Rpv3 and powdery mildew Ren9, respectively. Target fragments, the size of which indicates the presence of resistance genes, were not detected by DNA markers UDV737 and CenGen6. The obtained DNA profiles on microsatellite loci showed genetic differences of the vines in the analyzed sample. On average, 5 types of alleles per locus were identified. Cluster analysis of DNA profiling data showed that one of the found vines differs from the rest most significantly, the remaining samples were distributed into two subclusters of two and four genotypes according to the results of the analysis.

Annotation

Bacterial cancer of grapes is the most dangerous and wide spread disease of grapes in a world. In the Krasnodar Region now the death of grapes plant-ings from this disease has increased in 2-2,5 times. The causative agent of a disease often extends in new areas with landing material without symptoms of disease; therefore the diagnosis of bacterial cancer is an important task of wine growing branch. This article is devoted to this question. For research we have taken the tumorous outgrowths of bacterial cancer found on grapes plants of various ecological-geographical origin (Italy, France, Serbia, Russia) on vineyards of Krasnodar Region. In total 22 grapes samples are analysed. DNA from tumors is defined using the modified CTAB method. For research of isolates of Agrobacterium we used two methods of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - classical PCR and PCR in real time (PCR-RV). By PCR-RV method with use the test-system to pehA gene the presence of DNA in all analyzed samples of the studied grapes varieties is detected. Selective amplification of six DNA samples by PCR classical method with the use of test-system to virF gene has revealed the target fragments in all studied grapes samples. In these samples of the tumorous gall outgrowths found on grapes plants in the territory of Krasnodar Region the agrobacterium of A. vitis type is revealed as the causative agent of bacterial cancer of grapes. Accoding to the results of the carried out research we came to a conclusion that the use of methods of molecular and genetic identification allows us to give a diagnosis quickly and precisely of the causative agent of bacterial cancer disease for grapes plants.

Annotation

Western European varieties dominate in the vineyards of Southern Russia. It is also known that zone-oriented assortments are one of the most effective biological methods for managing the production process of grapes. Grape varieties and clones are the most adapted and more fully realize their potential under the agro-climatic conditions where they were created. For this reason, it is necessary to include local selection varieties in the domestic assortment. The article presents the results of three years research on agrobiological assessment and identification of the most promising new hybrid genotypes of NCFSCHVW breeding for the AnapaTaman viticulture zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Hybrid forms of grapes with uncolored berries were studied: Tana 19 (Zala Dandy × Beisug), Tana 72 (Seyve Villard 12-309 × Muscat Kuban), Tana 73 (Muscat Kuban × Vertesh Chilaga), Tana 74 (Seyve Villard 12-309 × Muscat Kuban ), Tana 82 (Madeleine Angevine × Villard Blanc), Tana 90 (Zala Dandy × Beisug), Tana 92 (Zala Dandy × Mtsvane), growing on the Anapa ampelographic collection. The classic Rhine Riesling grape variety was used as control. Agrobiological accountings were carried out according to the method of M.A. Lazarevsky. To assess the influence of the genotype of hybrid forms and the growing year conditions on the considered characteristics, a dispersion analysis was used. As a result of the study of grape hybrid forms, the genotypes with the most realized potential were identified under the conditions of Anapa-Taman viticulture zone. The forms of Tana 19 and Tana 92 differed in the highest productivity. The statistically significant influence of the genotype on the expression of this trait was shown. Lower than the control bushes Rhine Riesling, the yield was noted in the grape forms of Tana 74, Tana 72, Tana 90.

Annotation

The data of study of Kuban grapevines wild forms are presented to select the sources with resistance to various biotic and abiotic stress-factors. Wild forms of grapes can be both theoretical and practical value for breeding. The aim of the present work was to study the morpho-biological and genetic diversity of grape plants of the genus Vitis L., growing on the territory of the �Utrish� state nature reserved area on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory. The territory of the reserved area is interested for the study of wild forms of grapes as it was the place of ancient settlements. As a result of the expedition, wild grapes were found in the district �Vodopadnaya shchel� in the �Utrish� nature reserved area in the amount of 10 populations that are outwardly resistant to the effects of abiotic and biotic environmental stress-factors. A morphological and biological Study of grape plants was carried out and a characteristic of their ecological conditions was given. An ampelographic description of the forms by 10 characteristics is presented. In order to study the genetic diversity of the found forms, a DNA-marker analysis of wild grape plants was carried out. The study was performed using microsatellite markers linked to the Rpv3 and Rpv10 genes, which determine resistance to downy mildew. The presence of functional alleles of these genes in the analyzed samples helps to reveal the origin of genotypes, which is one of the objectives of the study. The indicated genes were not found in the found grape forms. In general, according to the results of microsatellite analysis, it can be noted, that some of the samples are polymorphic to each other, while others have a high degree of similarity. The work on the study of wild forms of grapes in this area is carried out for the first time

Annotation

Cultivation of popular classical wine grapes cultivars clones adapted to local growing conditions makes the possibility to obtain the traditionally high quality harvest at a lower cost of production. Approximately 60 % of the vineyards of the Krasnodar Territory are located in the Temryuk area, thus, the conducting of the mass clonal breeding on grapes cultivars in this agricultural region is of particular importance. The highly productive protoclones of cultivar Caberne Sauvignon were allocated in the industrial vineyards using the clonal breeding and DNA-analysis. In this paper we present the results of study of CHK1-10 clone. In average it significantly superior to the original variety control bushes at 73 % by yield, at 15 % on buds safety after overwintering, as well as other traits. The evaluation of vegetative progeny of clones on the clon-test sector also shows the good results. The bushes are aligned by vigor, they characterized by weak fungal diseases, the high yield capacity combined with good wine quality. Currently, along with the ampelographic and biochemical study, DNA analysis became the basis for a reliable identification and for study of grapes genetic polymorphism. Comparative microsatellite analysis of DNA of protoklon plants and typical vines of Cabernet Sauvignon reveals the difference in the sample 1-10. It is planned to transfer of this clone to State variety testing. The combined use of traditional breeding approaches and molecular analysis methods allows to expect the greater efficiency in the identification of grapes clones.