Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Daurova Elena
Articles in journal: (total 4)
Highly productivity protoclones of Saperavi grape are selected in the industrial plantings of grapes by method of clonal selection in the agro-climatic conditions of Taman. Protoclones characterized by high productivity of grapes, high quality vine production, have increased resistance to frost and pests
For keeping of quality and increase of adaptability of classical technical grapes varieties under the conditions of high repeatability of low-temperature stresses in the Southern Federal District the method of clonal selection is effective. This method allows to improve the adaptive potential of the introduced varieties for winemaking of high quality. Research objective is selection of the allocated clones of Saperavy grapes with hereditarily fixed traits of high productivity, the quality of wine production, the resistance to frosts, diseases and wreckers. The research were conducted using the agric and biological techniques which are recognized in the world practice and widely used in the grapes breeding. Four protoclones FS 118-4, FS 104-48, FS 8-26, FS 90-5 were allocated on the average weight of bunches and a crop from a bush. Noted protoclones surpassed an average index of productivity on 12-14 %. When air temperature falls in 2012 to -20C the greatest resistance to frosts showed FS 79-12, FS 104-48, FS 83-49, FS 96-39, FS 85-46, FS 104-3 protoclones (by quantity of the blossoming buds). The FS 58-46 protoclone showed the complex resistance to harmful organisms. On a complex of agribiological and adaptive indicators the protoclones of Saperavy grapes 8-26, 83-49, 90-5, 104-3, 146-17, 104-48, 118-4 are perspective for reproduction and wide practical application in the industrial production.
Krasnodar territory one of the main grapes growing regions in the Russian Federation. Optimization of vine cultivars assortment in general and zonal assortments in accordance with the requirements of the time is the most important factor in the development and stabilization of the wine growing industry. The development of wine tourism in the Krasnodar Region requires the expansion of local breeding grapes varieties in the cultivated assortment of vines. This article describes the Alcor and the Antaris cultivars of North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture breeding which are in the State variety testing. The harvest of these cultivars is used for high-quality red wine-making. The cultivars of Alcor and Antaris have the increased resistance to major fungal diseases and tolerance to the root form of phylloxera, which allow to cultivate them in the own-rooted culture. The cultivars of Alcor and Antaris were studied by us in a main area of grapes cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory Temryuk Region, and they were compared with the popular recognized classic wine cultivar of Cabernet Sauvignon. The results of agric and biological estimation and tasting assessment of vine from cultivars harvest were presented. The grapes cultivars of Alcor and Antaris of NCRRIH&V breeding exceed the control cultivar for yield, and the wine-tasting score of these varieties in different years corresponds to the tasting points of Cabernet Sauvignon or exceeds them. The presented data show that the grapes cultivars of Alcor and Antaris in the Temryuk zone of the Krasnodar Region may be worthy competitors for classical red wine cultivars and they can introduce the variety in the wine list offered by local producers.
Cultivation of popular classical wine grapes cultivars clones adapted to local growing conditions makes the possibility to obtain the traditionally high quality harvest at a lower cost of production. Approximately 60 % of the vineyards of the Krasnodar Territory are located in the Temryuk area, thus, the conducting of the mass clonal breeding on grapes cultivars in this agricultural region is of particular importance. The highly productive protoclones of cultivar Caberne Sauvignon were allocated in the industrial vineyards using the clonal breeding and DNA-analysis. In this paper we present the results of study of CHK1-10 clone. In average it significantly superior to the original variety control bushes at 73 % by yield, at 15 % on buds safety after overwintering, as well as other traits. The evaluation of vegetative progeny of clones on the clon-test sector also shows the good results. The bushes are aligned by vigor, they characterized by weak fungal diseases, the high yield capacity combined with good wine quality. Currently, along with the ampelographic and biochemical study, DNA analysis became the basis for a reliable identification and for study of grapes genetic polymorphism. Comparative microsatellite analysis of DNA of protoklon plants and typical vines of Cabernet Sauvignon reveals the difference in the sample 1-10. It is planned to transfer of this clone to State variety testing. The combined use of traditional breeding approaches and molecular analysis methods allows to expect the greater efficiency in the identification of grapes clones.