Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Krasko Mihail
Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Stavropol Experimental Breeding Station of NCRRH&V" Orekhovaya Roshcha
Articles in journal: (total 4)
The methods of planning and planting of garden, that considerably reduce the expenditure of hand labour and increase of productivity of processes of making of a garden foundation are worked out.
Three-year application of low-volume irrigation methods with the help of drip watering has caused some changes in the properties of chernozem soil in the orchard of apple trees, however a significant reduction in fertility is not revealed. In conditions of insufficient moistening of the Stavropol region the use of subsoil irrigation provided reliable additional yield of apple Liberty in drought years, and also increase in the average weight of fruit
The fruit garden reconstruction within old territory organizations does not meet the requirements of soil protection from water erosion. The effects of water erosion of soil when the garden rows orientation along the slope are shown in the article. The aim of this work was the development of measures to remove the water erosion in the orchards on slopes and to create the optimal conditions for growth and fruiting of fruit trees in the Stavropol Region. It is established that at the straight forward trees placement on slopes the intenseve water erosion processes are developed. The low-cost complex of anti-erosion measures when reconstruction of fruit gardens within the boundaries of the old quarters is proposed. The contour system of trees planting without gradient of rows excludes the additional erosion control measures and improves the water regime of the soil in the garden, because all water spreads along the row. The contour system of trees placement can be used in the foothill areas with slopes steep up to 8-10. The roads in the gardens with contour trees placement are under grass and they have a horizontal direction to reduce the water erosion. The cold air flows down into the valley, and it significantly increases in the frost resistance of trees. The main criterion limiting the use of this technology is the steepness of the slope, that hinder to safe operation of agricultural machinery in the contour plantings. The basic parameters of low-cost technology in the fruit gardens without support construction: the use of scab immune apple varieties and variety-rootstock combinations with good earnestly, the dense placing of trees, the space rows are under grass, the processing around trunks using herbicides etc.
It is established that the apple tree plants on watering in the low-moistening conditions of the Rostov and Stavropol regions characte-rized by high content of plastic substances, indicating on activization of physiological and biochemical processes at the optimize water regime. It is necessary for reduce the imbalance of the nutrinion elements on chernozem soils the rational and timely complex introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers