Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Shcherbakov Sergei
Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking
Articles in journal: (total 9)
The article presents the technical grades and new grape hybrid forms of Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking breeding answered the requirements of the modern market of wine industry and with ecological plasticity.
Now in Russia the production of new types of wines is developing, for preparation of them the careful selection of assortment is necessary. Wine produktion has to conform to high requirements and differ consumer properties that in the production of qualitative wines are shown at certain agribiological and economic combinations of variety. Agribiological and economic and valuable features of perspective grapes variety of the technical direction Pamyat Zotkinoy of the Anapas Zonal Experimental station of Viticulture and Winemaking (ZESV&W) selection are shown in the article. The research, directed on definition of indicators of fructification of Pamyat Zotkinoy grapes, were carried out on vineyards of Experimental Industrial Enterprise "Anapa" of the Anapas area at the scheme of plants landing is 2,5×1,5 by m. The organoleptic assessment of the young wine made from grapes was carried out by a tasting method. Data of the conducted research allowed to give to studied variety a total characteristic on indicators of productivity and harvest (6-8 kg from a bush) and sugar capacity (20 g / 100 cm3). The variety has a high tolerance to a phylloxera. It is established that the wine prepared from studied grapes variety has the high organoleptic properties delicate, bright, original flavor, especially in the dessert version, with a tasting assessment 8,9 points. The conclusion follows that the grapes variety Pamyat Zotkinoy of the technical direction, created at the Anapa Experimental Station, is capable to give qualitative raw materials for production of competitive wines.
The high productivity and quality of a crop are the main priority objectives in the grapes breeding. The selection of donors and sources with positive qualities among varieties, collected in one agric-ecological zone and on one plot, significantly facilitates this task. Ampelografic collections have considerable impact on formation and enrichment of industrial assortment in the areas of the developed wine growing and wine-making, therefore the research work on an ampelografic and the varieties description are important and actual. We selected five technical grapes varieties which show the high productivity and quality of a crop during several years. Their frost resistance in 2006 and 2012 and the high crop capacity in 2006-2011 and 2013 put them in a row of the perspective varieties. Ariatika grapes has the average term of ripening, it is endures the frosts to -21C . Resistance to diseases and wreckers is average. Productivity is high. The Vaznisubishavi grapes has the average term of ripening, it endures the frosts to -25C , for the winter it doesn't take a cover. Resistance to diseases and wreckers is average, the productivity is high. Stepnyak grapes has middle early term of ripening, it is endures the frosts to -25C . Resistance to diseases and wreckers is high, the productivity is high. Bakator white has the early term of ripening, it endures the frosts to -25 C. Resistance to diseases and wreckers is high, the productivity is high. Cosmopolita grapes has a very early term of ripening, it endures the frosts to -20C . Resistance to diseases and wreckers is high, the productivity is high. The grapes varieties selected in a collection can be recommended as donors and sources of useful traits.
The heritability of drought and heat resistance in combinations of various ecological and geographical groups of grapes was studied by phenotypic indicators. Varietiy combinations, which have inherited of drought and heat resistance from maternal line and combinations in which these traits have inherited primarily from paternal line, are presented
A comparative study of adaptation processes to water stress of grape varieties of different origin was conducted. The basic protective function in the conditions of moisture deficiency of grape varieties performs the mechanism associated with the accumulation of the proline amino acid in the cells