Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Apolohov Fyodor
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Stavropol Experimental Station of Horticulture
Articles in journal: (total 7)
Results of studying of different formations, schemes of landings, elements of summer cutting of sweet cherry in the conditions of Stavropol rgion are given. Ffficiency of various structures of sweet cherry plantings is shown.
The results of long-term field experiments on comparative influence of stressful environmental factors on intensity of flowering and fructification of stone fruit crops in the Central Ciscaucasia conditions are presented. The possibility of receive of an annual peach yield with use of bush forming is established
The purpose of the carried out research is development of a way of a formation of sweet cherry trees on a high growing rootstock at high density of plants landing (5,0 x 2,0m). Research are carried out under the soil climatic conditions of LLC "Interinvest", of Stavropol Region. Objects of research are the sweet cherry varieties of various ecological-geographical origin: Zemfira, General-skaya, Donetskiy Ugolyok. The results of research allowing to recommend the new system of pruning of sweet cherry trees on strongly growing rootstock are presented in this article. At this system the low-trunk skeleton of crown with vertically growing the same branches is formed. Periodic rejuvenation of these branches will promote the formation in a crown of young flexible branches (5-6 years). It allows you to carry out the harvesting of sweet cherry fruits without garden ladders and it increases in labor productivity. Use of a strongly growing rootstock stimulates the rapid growth of vertically focused branches in a crown of trees, increases in intensity of process of generative buds formation and accelerates the plants introduction in fructification that gives the chance of getting of industrial harvest of sweet cherry fruits for 2-3 year after laying of branches. It is noted that when increase in stressful influences during cultivation (a heat, a drought, hot dry winds, the frosts) the new system of formation of sweet cherry trees on a strongly growing rootstock in the gardens of intensive type increases in resistance of plants to influence of stressful factors of the environment. When forming a harvest of sweet cherry fruits on the vertical highly growing branches during the early-spring periods of vegetation the decrease in harvest loss from frosts, and also from a hail that more damages the horizontal branches of trees is reached.
The results of research for optimizing the elements of sweet cherry summer pruning and definition of the green operations timing in the different age trees in the Stavropol region conditions are presented. The dynamics of assimilation apparatus formation and yield under maintaining an optimal balance between growth and fructification of the trees is considered
The results of cuttings grafting of sweet cherries on cherry magolebskaya on height of rootstock trunk 20-50 cm are presented. It is established that this agrarian method reduces volume and projection of krone in 2,5-3 times. The frost-resistance and productivity of garden increases with increase of planting density. Practicability of use of winter desktop grafting for seedlings cultivation of high-density gardens is justified