Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

It is established by research, that at the right choice of bushes load the quality of berry juice improves and fructification of grape variety of technical direction Krasnostop AZOS stabilizes

Annotation

In the southern regions of Russia where there is an active development of travel business, especially during a summer season, the demand for table grapes increases and the consumer market increases too. Therefore, it is necessary to improve and replenish the domestic industrial assortment by high-quality grapes varieties of table direction. It is presented in this article the results of the work of plants-breeders of the Anapa's Zone Experimental Station of Vine growing and Wine-making on creating, studying and introduction to production of the table grapes varieties adapted for local natural soil and climatic conditions of cultivation, differing of high indexes of productivity and quality. The carried out research allowed to give to the studied grapes varieties of Marinka and Muscat Ranniy a total characteristic on indicators of productivity, crop capacity and economic valuable qualitative parameters. The studied grapes varieties can be realized in the further breeding and genetic research as donors of productivity and high quality of berries. Especially the taste quality- muscat aroma of these varieties is noted. As a result of a multi-year study it is found that the Marinka variety can be attributed to the promising high-yielding varieties of middle term of ripening, with the increased resistance to fungal diseases. This variety has a strong muscat flavor. Grapes variety of Anapskiy Ranniy of early term of ripening and productive is characterized by high flavoring qualities and it has citron-muscat aroma. The studied grapes varieties of the table direction of Marinka and Muscat Ranniy can be realized in further breeding and genetic research as donors of productivity and high quality that is important at removal of new muscat grapes varieties. These varieties have a great importance as a valuable medical food product with high consumer properties.

Annotation

This paper presents the results of agrobiological and uvological assessment of new grape varieties of breeding in Germany and Russia cultivated under the agro-ecological conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia. The studies were carried out using modern field research methods for viticulture in atypical weather c onditions in 2019. As an object of research, a grape variety of German origin Monarch and a domestic hybrid Gift of Dmitry, were used. These technical forms were selected for research as they are characterized by high biological indicators, and give a good harvest of grape berries even in adverse years for their cultivation. Also they have signs of resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors typical for the unstable and stressful climate of the Western Ciscaucasia. Under the unstable weather conditions of 2019, in the Black Sea zone, according to the main indicators of productivity, an agrobiological and uvological assessment of the introduced German Monarch variety and the domestic promising hybrid Dmitriy Podarok was carried out against the background of control of the domestic Saperavi Severny grape variety. The results of assessment carried out by us showed that the studied objects indicated high agrobiological indexes under stressful climatic conditions of Western Siscaucasia zone. For the same conditions, a uvological assessment of the bunches of the studied forms was carried out. The data obtained by us in the process of these research should be considered as preliminary data in relation to the atypical agroecological conditions of 2019. To get the deeper and well based conclusions, research in this field will be continued.

Annotation

For a number of years at the Anapa's Zonal Experimental Station of wine growing and winemaking the breeding work was carried out to create the grapes varieties adapted for climatic conditions of cultivation and steady against diseases and wreckers, with high rates of productivity and quality of products. As a donor of stability to mildew and to a frost the Kriulyanskiy grapes of the Moldavian breeding was used. As a donor of quality and early ripeness the Cardinal grapes was used. The purpose of crossing of these grapes varieties were the receiving of new high-quality grapes varieties with the beautiful appearance and the increased resistance to fungal diseases and a frost, with high tastes quality and early term of ripening. As the result of the research conducted by us the 16 perspective forms were received after crossing. Morphological, agrobiological and phenological study of the selected forms was carried out using the classic methods accepted in the viticulture. As a result of the long-term hybridological analysis the hybrid forms were selected, and studied, and reproduced by vegetative way; these forms have a beautiful appearance of berries and bunches, a high crop and a high quality of production, like on the level of the European control grapes varieties. Further these forms are received the names of the following varieties: Cardinal Anapa, Lunny, Taman, Zori of Anapa and Prikubanskiy. It is indicated that the selected perspective grapes varieties of table direction can be used in the further breeding and genetic research. These grapes varieties can be the donors of such valuable qualities, as the resistance to frosts, the elegant appearance of bunches and berries, immunity to mildew, productivity and quality of production, and that is important when it is necessary to create the new grapes varieties.

Annotation

The article presents the materials of phenological observations in the period from 2018 to 2021. The objective of the research was to study and identify the features of vegetation of grape interspecific hybrids in the annual cycle of ontogenesis for their use in breeding and practical production. During the research period in 2018-2020, a severe shortage of precipitation and high solar insolation were characteristic, mainly in the second half of the growing season. A characteristic feature of 2021 was a prolonged spring and an abundance of precipitation. Precipitation did not occur uniformly both by year and by month. The obtained average data on the duration of the passage of the main phases of the growing season of introduced varieties and control variety and on the sum of air temperatures above +10 ºC for the vegetational season in 2018-2021 indicate that the duration of the growing season of grapes from budbreak to full physiological maturity of berries is 128 days in the Concord variety with a sum of air temperatures of 2755 ºC, Reliance � 123 days and 2529 ºC, Venus � 129 days and 2760 ºC, in the Brigantina variety � 123 days and 2603 ºC. The feature of the phenology of grape varieties of USA breeding in the conditions of the natural environment of the North-Western zone of the Krasnodar region is that the duration of the vegetation phase from the beginning of veraison to full physiological maturity differs significantly from the other two phases of vegetation: from the beginning of the budbreak to the beginning of flowering and from the beginning of flowering to the beginning of veraison of berries. The variability of phenological cycles over the years is due to unstable weather conditions.