Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Research was conducted to identify and study the technological characteristics of autochthonous strains of wine yeast isolated from vineyards in the Krasnodar region. From natural populations, 90 yeast strains were isolated from the surface of grapes of the following varieties: Petit Mansan, Merlot, Krasnostop Anapskiy. Generic identification of the studied strains was carried out. The proportion of Saccharomycetes varied over a wide range. Analysis of 90 yeast strains made it possible to isolate 40 representatives of the genus Saccharomyces. Species identification was carried out using molecular genetic methods. A working sample of 40 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained. Yeast screening for the ability to ferment sugars made it possible to isolate 13 yeast strains. Strains TK20-2 and LM19-19 are noted as weak fermenters with the formation of non-fermenters. An analysis of the ability of yeast to synthesize hydrogen sulfide showed that 21 strains produce hydrogen sulfide in an insignificant amount. In the course of studying the main technological properties, 4 strains were isolated, with the use of which white wine materials were prepared from the Onitskanskiy grape variety. In wine materials produced using local strains, a variation in the concentrations of organic acids, amino acids and volatile aroma-forming components was noted. The conducted tasting of the studied samples showed that 3 out of 4 wine materials were characterized by high quality. The sample produced using strain LM19-3 had the highest tasting score. The use of strains LP19-1, TK20-11 and LM19-3 ensures the production of high-quality wine materials with high organoleptic characteristics.

Annotation

Plum pox virus in stone fruit crop plantings is one of the factors increasing the cost of cultivation of these crops. Infestation of stone fruit crops can reach 41-50 % in the Russian Federation regions of the middle zone, which is a serious threat to the production process. Infection with this virus often causes drop of leaves, ovaries and fruits in susceptible varieties. Methods to combat this virus are expensive and difficult to implement in the technological process. The most effective approach is plantation monitoring and elimination of infected plants. Since PPV contains RNA in its structure, the assay must obtain a quality preparation of total RNA. To obtain information on the quality of the isolated RNA, internal positive controls of RT-PCR are often used. In this work, the method for identification of the plum pox virus using a duplex with an internal amplification control was perfected. The ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit gene was used as a control because of its stable expression and high mRNA copy number. The material for this study was leaves of Kabardinskaya ranniaya plum (Prunus domestica L.), collected in early and late May in Krasnodar (Krasnodar region). The analysis was performed using molecular biological methods of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Detection of amplification products was performed in 2% agarose gel. Plum pox virus was diagnosed in all examined samples of symptomatic material. Multiplex PCR with the primer pairs under study required the use of gradient annealing of the primers with a temperature change of 3.18 �C/sec. When using a cDNA matrix less than 50 ng/�l, a decrease in PCR quality is possible. A method for the diagnosis of plum pox virus using an internal amplification control was perfected and modified.

Annotation

In the process of wine production, the yeast is subjected to various stresses. This is a heat treatment during typing or the need to inactivate microflora, and the effect of low temperatures on wine processing for the prevention and elimination of dimness. If the yeast in the process of functioning are exposed to undergo similar stresses and their fermenting activity decreases. Of great interest is the study of resistance to technological stresses of new yeast strains isolated from the spontaneous microflora of grapes growing in various regions of the Krasnodar Territory. The aim of the work is to evaluate the resistance of new strains of wine yeast to the action of ethanol, sulfur dioxide, high and low temperatures. New strains of yeast isolated from spontaneous microflora of grapes were used as the object of study. As the control variant the known yeast races were selected. The stability of new yeast strains to sulfur dioxide was determined by the number of dead cells in the medium under study with various mass concentrations. The results obtained showed that the most of the strains tested are resistant to the presence of sulfur dioxide in the medium with a concentra-tion up to 200 mg/ dm3. It was found that the most of the new yeast strains of retained the ferment ability even at minus 6 ºC. It is shown that the most of new yeast strains studied have shown the greatest activity in the temperature range from 20 to 37.5 ºC. The study carried out confirm the expediency of using the new strains of wine yeast in the production of white table wines. Their technological characteristics are not worse and even superior to the known yeast races, including imported ones.

Annotation

The new apple�s genotypes combining the high quality of fruits with stability to abiotic and biotic stress-factors of environment are allocated on the basis of selection on a phenotype in the combination with identification of target signs by method of molecular DNA marking and biochemical methods of research.

Annotation

Syringa is a genus of about 27 wild species of flowering woody plants of the Oleaceae family. Syringa vulgaris L. is known with a wide variety of decorative varieties and hybrids suitable for use in urban and rural landscapes. In the botanical gardens and nurseries, the lilac is propagated with green cuttings or grafts, but all of its varieties do not reproduce well by these ways. There are difficulties in propagating the most decorative varieties. The production of a large number of varietal plants is limited by the season, the process of grafting, cutting and getting shoots is labor-intensive, and requires the presence of uterine plantations. Therefore, there is a need for development ways to propagate lilac that would be universal for all varieties and would create a cost-effective technology of fast reproduction of planting material. In vitro methods have opened up the new areas of research that can overcome the problems of traditional methods and ensure the rapid plants propagation on an industrial scale. Lilac plants obtained by microclonal propagation have several advantages over drafted ones. They are more lasting, decorative, quickly develop and bloom, and form the ideal habitus of the bush. In vitro plants have the juvenility signs, which allow them to be successfully propagated by other vegetative methods, especially by green cuttings. Objects of research are lilac varieties: Geisenkalis, Primrose, Marie Frances, Krasavitsa Moskva, Sensatsiya. The article presents the results of influence of the selection date (04/22/19 and 05/15/19) the contamination nation and the survival rate of five lilac varieties explants. The analysis have been shown that the contamination of the microshoots selected on April 22, 2019 was significantly less than that for the microshoots selected on May 15, 2019 and amounted to 37.4 and 67,2 %, respectively. The survival rate of explants was 57,7 % and 19,2 %.