Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Efimova Irina
Articles in journal: (total 25)
Scientific-based application of clonal rootstocks is one of the main factors of increase in efficiency of gardening. The non-supporting construction of the intensive garden (without a stationary support) allows to reduce the costs of planting about 2 million rubles / ha. This significantly increases in the efficiency of fruit production and competitiveness of domestic products. The article presents the results of impact assessing of 15 rootstocks of different origin on the growth and yield capacity of Liberty apple trees in the garden, created by planting rootstocks in a permanent place, with followed grafting by buds. The carried out research has shown that in the fifteenth year of vegetation, the size of the Liberty tree stock on the 3, 4 and B-13-43 rootstocks was less than that on the M 9. The first fruit bearing was observed Only on the rootstock of 3 in third year, and for the other rootstocks from 4 years of vegetation. The most average harvest from 1 tree for 13 years of fruiting was obtained from Liberty trees on rootstocks M 26 and 2. Close to control M 9 was the harvest on rootstocks of II-31-7, B-9-19, -70-456. The most specific productivity on average over 13 years of fruiting compared to M 9 rootstock the K-1 and 4 provided, close to M 9 rootstock 2, 3, B-13-43. The best stability of the trees in the soil (anchorage) was on the semi-dwarf rootstocks of 2 and II-31-7, which according to the results of the integrated assessment can be recommended for compacted gardens without support construction.
Results of an estimation of stability of differ-ent apple varieties maturing are resulted in action of weather stress to a spring frost. Varietals characteristics of sensitivity to frost pistils and anthers, and the age of generative structure are revealed.
The important part in the achievement of good results in the modern production technologies of fruits is assigned to type of rootstock. The influence of a rootstock begins with the inoculation moment in the nursery and continues during the life of a tree. This influence affects the force of growth of grafted trees, their fast productivity and quality of the received production and durability of plantings. The most effective way of decrease in force of an apple-tree growth is use of dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks. The majority of requirements to rootstocks for intensive gardening were formulated by Gavreel Vladimirovich Trusevich still in the 80-th years of the last century. In the article it is noted that the special attention in the research of G.V. Trusevich's pupils and followers is given to an assessment of adaptability of apple rootstocks to abiotic stressors and their influence on productivity of scion-rootstocks combinations under the certain soil and climatic conditions. The research conclusions formed the basis for zoning of apple-tree rootstocks of the SK series in the North Caucasus. Now at the State register of breeding achievements there are 6 rootstocks of the SK series (North Caucasus) created by G.V. Trusevich with employees. It is shown that these rootstocks successfully compete with introduced species because in the processes of their creation and breeding the specific conditions of regional gardening are considered. The data of this article convincingly show that rootstocks of SK series positively influence on drought resistance, heat resistance and winter hardiness of the grafted apple-tree trees. These rootstocks continue to be actively demanded; they are successfully used in the new intensive technologies of cultivation of apple-tree industrial plantings and substantially define their high efficiency.
The results of long-term work on the selection of the apple rootstocks adapted to the conditions of Southern horticulture are presented. The morphological description and the main economicallyvaluble characteristics of apple rootstocks series SK (North Caucasus) SK 2U, SK 3, SK 4, SK 5, SK 7 are given.
The positive influence of non-root application of complex mineral fertilizers and biologically active substances to increase the productivity of mother planta-tion of apple rootstocks, increase in quality of sapling and profitability of production is established.