Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Artuh Svetlana
Articles in journal: (total 5)
The results of hardiness evaluation of new apples varieties of different ripening to early and late winter frost, after thaw, under Kuban conditions are analyzed.
Anatomical and morphological studies of generative buds of the apple tree variety maturing in autumn-winter period of development are conducted. Using light microscopy 3 groups of the generative buds, varying in degree of development of anthers are identified. The relation between the degree of the development of anthers and the winter hardiness of buds is revealed.
The contents of protein, free amino acids and proline in the apple-trees shoots of various winter resistance are defined. In a winter period at low temperatures the contens of proteins and proline increase in winter steady varieties. Low contents of proline in the bark and its powerfull lowering after freesing is tipically for low steady apple-trees varieties.
The prospects of a biological intensification of apple gardens is connected mainly with relevance of further improvement of apple assortment. Primary necessary qualities are the moderate growth, the early introduction of trees in the stable fructification with the high quality of fruits. It is specified that the successful cultivation of an apple-tree requires the further development of scientific research on creation of new varieties with high degree of adaptation to growth conditions capable to realize fully the biological potential of efficiency under the extreme conditions of the South of Russia. It serves as the purpose of our work. On the basis of long-term developments in the NCRRIH&V the mutational genetic collection of an apple-tree with a wide variety of qualitative and quantitative traits in one genome is created. The collection includes the donors and sources of single and complex valuable traits of clonal origin. It is noted that the greatest practical interest in posterity of hybrids have the low growing seedlings with healthy appearance, and a good foliage, compact crown, large fruits and early enter a fructification time. The results of study of new apple-tree clones of NCRRIH&V breeding are given in the article. These varieties are perspective for use in the breeding and technological programs of creation of high-quality adaptive apple-tree clones for intensive gardens in the Southern Region of gardening. The new clone of "Yubiley University" is allocated, it is promising for production testing in the superintensive gardens of the North Caucasus. Clonal variability of this variety remains in the 7th vegetative generations. As a result of the carried out research the genetic collection of mutational and clonal breeding of an apple-tree is remained and replenished.
The results of researches of biochemical indicators of the quality of 18 varieties of apples in summer, fall and winter maturing selection in NCSRIH&V (including 4 control varieties) grown in the Kuban region of Krasnodar area are presented. Varietal features of commodity qualities of fruit on the attractiveness of presentation, size (height, diameter, shape index of fruit), weight, firmness of the pulp are revealed. New varieties of apples with a high content of dry matter, sugars, starch, acids, vitamins (ascorbic acid, P-active substances) and pectin are identified. Indicators firmness of the pulp, levels of starch, acids, characterizing harvest maturity of the fruit established for apples late maturing.