Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Garden strawberry is the earliest fruiting crop in southern Russia, and is very popular among consumers. Today, one of the important tasks of modern berry growing in Russia is to improve the assortment and increase in its adaptability based on an increase in the share of local selection varieties. Of relevance to the Southern zone of fruit growing is the task of creating the intensive-type neutral-day varieties that combine comprehensive resistance to drought and high temperatures, diseases and vermins, stable high yield, good taste and transportability. Of particular importance and relevance in the zone of intense tension of hydrothermal factors is the identification from the available genetic diversity of strawberry, the varieties and forms with increased drought tolerance. In this direction, the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station, VIR Branch carries out this research. The result of these works was a new strawberry variety of fruiting neutral day type � Pelagia. The variety was created in 2007-2011 by the method of intraspecific intersortal hybridization in combination with multi-stage selection from the hybrid family of Elizaveta 2 and Irma. The variety is zoned in 2020. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of economically valuable traits of this variety. It was found that it surpasses the variety landed in region of Elizaveta 2 on large-fruited (average berry weight of 15.3 g, control � 12.7 g), quality of marketable products, and productivity: 850.3 g / bush and 612.8 g / bush (control). According to the level of drought tolerance, this variety is at the level of the parent form � Elizaveta 2. Study have confirmed that the Elizaveta 2 ariety is a source of high productivity and drought tolerance.

Annotation

Specific displays of abiotic stresses on fruit plants revealed as a result of monitoring in field and controllable conditions are described in this article. The reasons of display of some of them from point of view of physiological and biochemical processes occurring in a plant are designated. The examples of specific display of incompatibility of rootstocks and scions, and influence of rootstocks on intensity of scion development in the winter-spring period are presented. The ways of minimization of the damage from adverse weather conditions to fruit growing are offered.

Annotation

A scheme for the study of genefund of stone fruits on Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station using genetic collections is presented. Data on breeding new varieties and clonal rootstocks for stone fruit with donors selection and significant features identified from the genefund are resulted. The possibility of creating complex donors and prospects for their use in selection of stone fruit are considered.