Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The main goal of this work is to assess the adaptability and biometric parameters of the scion-rootstock combinations of Sakura under the conditions of urban environment. The greening in the modern urban landscape involves the presence of beautifully blooming trees of different heights and crown volume. According to this aim, in our study we analyzed the effect of clonal rootstocks VSL-2 (breeding of Krymsk ESS branch of WIR), 3-76, 5-44, 5-42, 3-114, 7-42 (breeding of FSBSI NCFSCHVW) at the height of the trees of popular varieties (Prunus Shirofugen serrulata, P. serrulata Kiku-shidare-sakura, P Burgundi Royal serrulata, P. serrulata Kanzan, Rexii (Kirhn). Sok) and promising forms of Sakura, including NCFSCHVW breeding under the arboretums condition of Sochi and Krasnodar. For the experiment the forms (scion, rootstock), selected for resistance to coccomicous (pathogen � Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm) Arx)) in the collectional planting of NCFSCHVW were taken. The Vesenniy capris (AI1) form wasn�t defeat by coccomicous, even with the artificial infection, and shows the high resistance (100%). The forms, lesioned by moniliosis (causative agent � the fungus Monilia cinerea Bon.) were selected, there are Rexii (Kirhn) Sok, P. serrulata Kiku-shidare-sakura, Symphoniya nezhnosty. As a result of the study carried out, the lesion of the forms studied by the main pathogens under the conditions of humid subtropics of Sochi was estimated, the most adaptive combinations were identified, their height is determined. The influence of rootstocks and scions the growth and development of combinations of Sakura was shown. The obtained new data of the scion-rootstock combinations characteristics are necessary to develop the methods of original spatial and plastic accents that improve the urban environment and natural and climatic conditions of the South Region.

Annotation

Full information about the program of orchards nursery development in the south of Russia on 2013-2015 is given.

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The intensity and peculiarity of the rose aroma depends largely on the conditions of the plants growth: the characteristics of the soil, agrotechnics, weather conditions, etc. One of the tasks of our study is to find out how the temperature inside the flower is changed during the day, depending on the temperature-humidity regime of the ambient air and how in connection with it the rose aroma is appeared. 17 varieties of roses of different eco-geographical origin from different garden groups were studied. The varieties are differed according to the color of flower petals, the degree of double, the intensity of the aroma phenomenon. The plants are grafted on the R. canina rootstock, age is 4 years. Roses are planted on the collection plot of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The article presents the results of the study of the rose aroma manifestation peculiarities, depending on the temperature and humidity conditions of the ambient air and inside the flower. As a result of the study, the peculiarities of the manifestation of aroma intensity in different rose varieties were revealed during the interaction of the "genotype-environment" system. It is shown that the presence f R. Damascene garden forms in the origin of the genotype promotes the development of a stronger and more stable aroma in the studied rose varieties, which is considered as the one of the adaptive reactions of the species to high temperatures and low moisturity of the environment. A more intense aroma is characteristic for varieties with dark-colored petals, which have a higher temperature inside the flower in the morning. Varieties of roses with double flower type, in comparison with semi-double flowers, retain the aroma during the day for a longer time, which is associated with varietal features and with the formation of the optimum of temperature-humidity regime inside the flower for evaporation of the volatile components of essential oils.

Annotation

Syringa is a genus of about 27 wild species of flowering woody plants of the Oleaceae family. Syringa vulgaris L. is known with a wide variety of decorative varieties and hybrids suitable for use in urban and rural landscapes. In the botanical gardens and nurseries, the lilac is propagated with green cuttings or grafts, but all of its varieties do not reproduce well by these ways. There are difficulties in propagating the most decorative varieties. The production of a large number of varietal plants is limited by the season, the process of grafting, cutting and getting shoots is labor-intensive, and requires the presence of uterine plantations. Therefore, there is a need for development ways to propagate lilac that would be universal for all varieties and would create a cost-effective technology of fast reproduction of planting material. In vitro methods have opened up the new areas of research that can overcome the problems of traditional methods and ensure the rapid plants propagation on an industrial scale. Lilac plants obtained by microclonal propagation have several advantages over drafted ones. They are more lasting, decorative, quickly develop and bloom, and form the ideal habitus of the bush. In vitro plants have the juvenility signs, which allow them to be successfully propagated by other vegetative methods, especially by green cuttings. Objects of research are lilac varieties: Geisenkalis, Primrose, Marie Frances, Krasavitsa Moskva, Sensatsiya. The article presents the results of influence of the selection date (04/22/19 and 05/15/19) the contamination nation and the survival rate of five lilac varieties explants. The analysis have been shown that the contamination of the microshoots selected on April 22, 2019 was significantly less than that for the microshoots selected on May 15, 2019 and amounted to 37.4 and 67,2 %, respectively. The survival rate of explants was 57,7 % and 19,2 %.

Annotation

We consider the adaptive response of Syrian hibiscus to the arid conditions in the central subzone of Krasnodar region. A preliminary assessment of adaptive capacity of introduced varieties of hibiscus is given, cultivars ranging according to the degree of drought resistance is conducted.