Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the article it is noted that cultivation and introduction in the production of the Don native grapes varieties in the territory of Krasnodar Region will give the chance to make from them the high-quality and unique wines, and also will provide the increase in interest of producers in vine growing and wine-making branch. The objects of our research the wine materials from the following grapes varieties have been used: Bessergenevsky No. 7, Sibirkovy, Varyushkin, Granatovy, Muscat Hamburg. Processing of grapes raw for receiving of wine materials was carried out in 2015 in the shop of micro wine-making of the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Vitisculture. During the research the analyses of the physical and the chemical composition of the wine materials prepared from above-mentioned grapes varieties have been carried out using the method of a capillary electrophoresis in the laboratory of "Wine-making" Center a nd in the Center of collective use of NCRRIH&V with use of Capel-105 device. When the analyses are carrying out the standard techniques, and also the techniques developed by employees of NCRRIH&V were applied. The con-tent of organic acids and cations of metals in the samples from the studied grapes varieties is determined. The carried out analysis has shown that the greatest quantity of wine acid contains in the samples from grapes of Bessergenevsky No. 7. As a result of study of cationic composition of wine materials it is revealed that the researched samples have the high content of potassium (528,3-1811 mg/dm3) that is coordinated with literary information. All samples presented in a research have a harmonious taste, they have also the positive reviews and the high tasting assessment of experts-tasters of NCRRIH&V. It gives the grounds to recommend the grapes varieties studied by us for production of qualitative wine materials and wines.

Annotation

Western European varieties dominate in the vineyards of Southern Russia. It is also known that zone-oriented assortments are one of the most effective biological methods for managing the production process of grapes. Grape varieties and clones are the most adapted and more fully realize their potential under the agro-climatic conditions where they were created. For this reason, it is necessary to include local selection varieties in the domestic assortment. The article presents the results of three years research on agrobiological assessment and identification of the most promising new hybrid genotypes of NCFSCHVW breeding for the AnapaTaman viticulture zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Hybrid forms of grapes with uncolored berries were studied: Tana 19 (Zala Dandy × Beisug), Tana 72 (Seyve Villard 12-309 × Muscat Kuban), Tana 73 (Muscat Kuban × Vertesh Chilaga), Tana 74 (Seyve Villard 12-309 × Muscat Kuban ), Tana 82 (Madeleine Angevine × Villard Blanc), Tana 90 (Zala Dandy × Beisug), Tana 92 (Zala Dandy × Mtsvane), growing on the Anapa ampelographic collection. The classic Rhine Riesling grape variety was used as control. Agrobiological accountings were carried out according to the method of M.A. Lazarevsky. To assess the influence of the genotype of hybrid forms and the growing year conditions on the considered characteristics, a dispersion analysis was used. As a result of the study of grape hybrid forms, the genotypes with the most realized potential were identified under the conditions of Anapa-Taman viticulture zone. The forms of Tana 19 and Tana 92 differed in the highest productivity. The statistically significant influence of the genotype on the expression of this trait was shown. Lower than the control bushes Rhine Riesling, the yield was noted in the grape forms of Tana 74, Tana 72, Tana 90.

Annotation

Vitis Vinifera varieties are characterized by high productivity and organoleptic properties, which is appropriate for use in scientific researches and modeling. Mathematical modeling of variety productivity helps to predict the yield of existing vineyards and to select terroir for prospective plantations. The approbation of a descriptive index-based classification incorporated into integral indicator of grape productivity (IIGP) is presented in this paper. Factor included are climatic and soil-morphological and the area of study is the Black sea agroecological zone of viticulture for table intraspecific hybrids and varieties by NCRRIH&V and AZESV&W breeding. The studies were carried out on 13 varieties of the Anapa ampelographic collection, using the meteorological information on Anapa (2007-2018). In the mode following agroecological Parameters were used: the sum of active temperatures during the vegetation period, the absolute minimum temperature of the year and the number of days with minimum temperature below -1�C in the period from April to October, the total precipitation, the exposition and the slope angle, position on the slope and soil type. The results of model testing were acceptable for 10 varieties, the model worked best for following varieties: Astanikskiy, Bely Ranniy, Kavkazskiy Ranniy, Larni Muskatny and Hrustyashchiy. Non-acceptable results are received for three varieties (Licodia, Muscat AZOS and Chernomor Anapa), and it means that model for them requires improvements. In case of evaluating the results of the model by frost grape resistance, the best result was observed for varieties with increased resistance to frost. The model is recommended to use for the selection of terroirs in the Black sea agroecological zone of viticulture and the effective use of varieties in the ampelocenoses.

Annotation

The results of assessment of embryonic fruitfulness at new table grape varieties of domestic breeding are presented. The level of embryonic fruitfulness of different varieties considerably differs, despite of identical conditions of growth environment. Considering the significant influence of biological features and also environment conditions on laying of embryonic inflorescences and yielding of plantings, the task is to establish the regularities of embryonic inflorescences formations and to optimize the cutting length of shoots for the table varieties of Akello, Hamlet, K.M. Dubovsky, Dubovsky Red. Studying of embryonic fruitfulness was carried out on the vineyards growing under agroecological conditions of continental climate of the Volgograd Region. Selection of shoots and the assessment of embryonic fruitfulness of the wintering buds were carried out in the period of deep physiological dormancy of plants by a microscope in NCFSCHVW laboratory. The regularity of making and differentiation of embryonic inflorescences of the studied grape varieties and also the differentiation indicators of coefficients of fructification and fruitfulness on length of shoots, as well as the adaptive potential of varieties under the stressful conditions of 2018 is determined. The highest rates of fructification and fruitfulness and also adaptive potential under the conditions of temperature and water stressor have had Akello and Hamlet grapes. Akello had the highest rates of fructification and fruitfulness, the highest embryonic productivity was observed in a zone of 6-7 wintering buds. For maintaining the maximum economic efficiency of grapes the optimum length of shoots pruning for Akello after stressful conditions of vegetation has to be 8 eyes. The Hamlet grapes had the highest rates of fructification and fruitfulness in a zone of 3 wintering buds. The pruning length of shoots has to be 4 buds. At variety K.M. Dubovsky and Dubovsky Red was observed a low adaptive potential under conditions of high-temperature and water stresses. To establish the optimum length of shoots pruning of these varieties the research will be continued.

Annotation

The main biological and economically valuable characteristics of the recognised grape varieties of the NCFSCHVW breeding are presented: Alcor and Granatovyi. Grapevine varieties for high-quality red wine production were obtained by intraspecific crosses of V. vinifera. The genotypes are adapted to the local conditions of cultivation, varieties Alcor and Granatovyi surpass Cabernet-Sauvignon in terms of resistance to pathogens in the conditions of the South of Russia. The Alcor and Granatovyi grape varieties are used to produce high-quality table and liqueur wines, as well as grape juice. The grapes of the Alcor and Granatovyi varieties are characterized by a high technological reserve of phenolic compounds, exceeding the similar indicator of Cabernet-Sauvignon by an average of 15 %. The wines have been repeatedly awarded high awards at Russian and international competitions and exhibitions. Table red wines from the Alcor and Granatovyi grape varieties are characterized by a full harmonious taste and a well-defined varietal aroma, a high total concentration of phenolic compounds, including anthocyanins, which cause an intense elegant dark ruby color. Liqueur wines also have a very intense color, with aging, the properties of liqueur wines are improved. Table and liqueur wines from the varieties Alcor and Granatovyi have a high concentration of antioxidants, including resveratrol and phenol-carboxylic acids. Alcor (2017) and Granatovyi (1987) varieties are included in the State Register of breeding achievements of the Russian Federation, approved for use. It is proved that the grapevine varieties of domestic breeding Alcor and Granatovyi are worthy competitors of European varieties for expanding the range of table and liqueur wines in the conditions of the south of Russia.