Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Studies of the introduced German technical Monarch grape variety were carried out in the Black Sea agro-ecological zone of viticulture in the Krasnodar Territory. In unstable weather conditions, the duration of the growing season from blooming buds to the full physiological maturity of grape berries was 135 days in 2018, and in 2019 was 125 days. The variety showed the signs of an adaptive response to changing weather conditions. With an acute deficit of precipitation and a slow increase in air temperature in 2018, the duration of the second phase of the vegetation from the beginning of bud blooming to the beginning of flowering was 11 days longer. The significant difference in the duration of the second and third phases of vegetation is explained by the adaptive reaction of the introduced variety to lower air temperature in late May and early June in 2018. The difference in average daily air temperature during the period of active shoot growth and at the beginning of flowering reached 4.6 ºC, the amount of precipitation was 4.3 times less, that promoted the accelerated ripening of grapes in 2018. The maximum air temperature on average during the ripening period of grape berries was equal to 33 º � in 2018, and 31 º� in 2019. The amount of precipitation was 3.3 times less than normal. The high adaptive reaction of the technical Monarch grape variety is of great practical importance for use in scientific purposes and in industrial production when creating the stable ampelocenoses in unstable weather conditions of Southern Russia.

Annotation

Study of phenology of universal grape variety Podarok Dmitria were carried out in the Black Sea agroecological zone of viticulture in the Krasnodar Territory. According to the data of research the variety shows the signs of earlymedium ripening and adaptive response under unstable weather conditions in the temperate continental climate of Southern of Russia. The signs of adaptation of this variety were most manifested during the ripening period of grape berries. The duration of the ripening period of grape berries in atypical weather conditions in 2018 was 17 days, 13 days less than in 2019. The accelerated ripening of grape berries was promoted by high solar insolation and an acute deficit of precipitation. The average daily air temperature in this period in 2018 was 3.5 �C higher than in 2019 and 1.8 �C higher than the average long-term norm. The amount of precipitation in 2018 was 13.5 times less than in 2019, 7.8 times less than the norm and amounted to 3.7 mm. In 2019, the low air temperature at the beginning of the growing of studied grape variety compared to 2018 contributed to a restrained bud opening, growth of shoots and inflorescences. A sharp warming in late May-early June contributed to an earlier start of plant flowering. The low temperature in the second half of the growing season compared to 2018 and the average longterm norm slowed down the physiological processes and made longer the periods of growth of grape berries.

Annotation

This paper presents the results of agrobiological and uvological assessment of new grape varieties of breeding in Germany and Russia cultivated under the agro-ecological conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia. The studies were carried out using modern field research methods for viticulture in atypical weather c onditions in 2019. As an object of research, a grape variety of German origin Monarch and a domestic hybrid Gift of Dmitry, were used. These technical forms were selected for research as they are characterized by high biological indicators, and give a good harvest of grape berries even in adverse years for their cultivation. Also they have signs of resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors typical for the unstable and stressful climate of the Western Ciscaucasia. Under the unstable weather conditions of 2019, in the Black Sea zone, according to the main indicators of productivity, an agrobiological and uvological assessment of the introduced German Monarch variety and the domestic promising hybrid Dmitriy Podarok was carried out against the background of control of the domestic Saperavi Severny grape variety. The results of assessment carried out by us showed that the studied objects indicated high agrobiological indexes under stressful climatic conditions of Western Siscaucasia zone. For the same conditions, a uvological assessment of the bunches of the studied forms was carried out. The data obtained by us in the process of these research should be considered as preliminary data in relation to the atypical agroecological conditions of 2019. To get the deeper and well based conclusions, research in this field will be continued.

Annotation

In order to increase the production of sweet cherry fruits the rootstocks are needed that are suitable for intensive orchards. The purpose of this work is to assess the selected forms of rootstocks for sweet cherry at the reproduction stage in the nursery. Under the conditions of Southern Russia, when plants are cultivated on black soil, a significant reduction in the crown of cherry trees on low-growing rootstocks is often not observed. Therefore, the assessment of breeding material requires the ranking according to habit of cherry of combinations with rootstocks under the conditions where the gardens will be laid. It is also necessary to begin the study of the characteristics of fruit crops combinations already at the stage of reproduction. Studies were conducted in the nursery of EPD �Tsentralnoye� (Krasnodar) during reproduction of the selected forms (4-33, 11-4, 4-39, 4-34, 10-18, 3-39, 11-18, 5-44, 7-42, AI 12, B 72, AI 11, B 164, AI 70, B 1). The combinations of these forms with seed material obtained from Drogana Zheltaya sweet cherry were studied. As a result of the work, the best samples for compatibility with yellow-fruit sweet cherries were identified: 4-33, 11-4, AI 12, 10-14 100 %) and 5-44, 7-42, 4-39, AI 11, AI 70, 10-18 (80-89 %). Genetic-statistic analysis revealed a significant impact of the rootstocks forms the growth and development of sampling. The share of influence in the total dispersion of the signs studied by us ranged from 44.1 % (diameter) to 83.5 % (crown shape). The ranking of combinations of rootstocks with sweet cherry on the growth vigor and diameter of sampling is carried out. The forms with the lowest plant height were selected such as 10-18, 10-14, AI 70. The greatest branching of the sampling was observed in the combinations with 5-44, B72, B1 forms.