Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Vitis Vinifera varieties are characterized by high productivity and organoleptic properties, which is appropriate for use in scientific researches and modeling. Mathematical modeling of variety productivity helps to predict the yield of existing vineyards and to select terroir for prospective plantations. The approbation of a descriptive index-based classification incorporated into integral indicator of grape productivity (IIGP) is presented in this paper. Factor included are climatic and soil-morphological and the area of study is the Black sea agroecological zone of viticulture for table intraspecific hybrids and varieties by NCRRIH&V and AZESV&W breeding. The studies were carried out on 13 varieties of the Anapa ampelographic collection, using the meteorological information on Anapa (2007-2018). In the mode following agroecological Parameters were used: the sum of active temperatures during the vegetation period, the absolute minimum temperature of the year and the number of days with minimum temperature below -1�C in the period from April to October, the total precipitation, the exposition and the slope angle, position on the slope and soil type. The results of model testing were acceptable for 10 varieties, the model worked best for following varieties: Astanikskiy, Bely Ranniy, Kavkazskiy Ranniy, Larni Muskatny and Hrustyashchiy. Non-acceptable results are received for three varieties (Licodia, Muscat AZOS and Chernomor Anapa), and it means that model for them requires improvements. In case of evaluating the results of the model by frost grape resistance, the best result was observed for varieties with increased resistance to frost. The model is recommended to use for the selection of terroirs in the Black sea agroecological zone of viticulture and the effective use of varieties in the ampelocenoses.

Annotation

Experimental data of field studies carried out in the central agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar Territory about the different agrobiological reaction of the Libya variety to the rootstocks of Berlandieri × Riparia SO4 and Shasla × Berlandieri 41B are presented. Scheme of bush planting on the plot studied of 3.8 × 2 m, the formation of bushes � a high-standard two-armed cordon. The soils are low-humus, powerful leached chernozems. The average annual air temperature is 12.5-13.0 ºC, the sum of active air temperatures is 3900-4100 ºC, the maximum temperature during the growing season is plus 40 ºC, the minimum in winter drops to minus 30 ºC. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation is 700-800 mm. Under these agro-ecological conditions, the Libya grapes on the 41B rootstock significantly surpass the SO4 grapes in terms of the combination of positive characteristics. Biometric economically valuable traits of the Libya grape variety on the 41B rootstock were significantly better than that on the SO4 rootstock. On the rootstock 41B, the berry acquires an oval shape, and they are larger, the bunch is cylindro-conical, the color is yellow-orange with a faint scarlet tint on the sunny side. The beginning of ripening and harvesting of grapes on this rootstock begins earlier by 17-13 days, mass ripening � by 20-7 days. In the vineyards grafted on the 41B rootstock, the grape yield was 1.9 times higher than on the SO4 rootstock and amounted to 26.65 t / ha. The share of the marketable part of grapes on the 41B rootstock was 94 % and on the SO4 rootstock � 84 %. The tasting score of berries grown on the 41B rootstock was on average 8.6 points, as well as on SO4 � 8.1 points. The differences are related to the different accumulation of sugar in the berries.

Annotation

The work are presented the results of embryonic fruitfulness assessment in new table grape grafted hybrid forms of domestic breeding. The level of embryonic fruitfulness of different grape hybrid forms is varied, despite the identical conditions of growing environment. Taking into account the significant impact of the biological characteristics and environmental conditions of growing grapes on initiation of embryonic flowers and productivity of plantations following aim was set � to determine the common factors of embryonic flowers formation and to optimize the cut length of domestic breeding table hybrids of Akello, Kishmish Dubovskiy, Agat Dubovskiy, Dubovskiy Rozoviy, Pestriy grape shoots. The study of embryonic fruitfulness was carried out in the vineyards growing under agroecological conditions of the Krasnodar Region Central Zone. Selection of the studied shoots and assessment of the embryonic fruitfulness of hibernating buds were conducted during the period of deep physiological rest of plants by microscopy (Micromed MS1) in the laboratory of NCFSCHVW. The regularity of different laying and differentiation of embryonic inflorescences in the studied grape hybrid forms, as well as differentiated coefficients of fruitfulness and fruiting along the length of shoots and different adaptive potential of varieties under the conditions of increased solar insolation are established. The highest rates of fruiting and fruitfulness in the conditions of temperature stress have been in the hybrids of Agat Dubovskiy and Pestriy. The placement of productive zones along the length of the shoot was uneven. In case of uneven placement of productive zones, shoot pruning of the studied grape hybrid forms is recommended to be carried out differentially. For the grape form of Akello the length of the shoots pruning should be on 6 eyes, for Kishmish Dubovskiy � 9 eyes, for the hybrid forms of Pestriy, Agat Dubovskiy and Dubovskiy Rozoviy � 8 eyes.

Annotation

The article provides experimental data confirming the patterns of changing the productivity of table grape variety Podarok Nesvetaya due to changes in load of shoots and clusters on bushes. Field studies are made in the Central agroecological zone of the viticulture of the Krasnodar Region, Grapevines were planted 3.5 × 3.5 m and training system � high-trunk bilateral cordon, the rootstock is Berlandieri × Riparia SO4. The average annual air temperature is 12.5�13.0 ºC, the sum of the active temperatures is 3900�4100 �C, the maximum temperature during vegetation - +40 ºC, the minimum in winter is lowered to -30 ºC. The annual amount of precipitation is 700-800 mm. Thin-humous soils, leached deep chernozem. In such agroecological conditions, the variety showed a high responsiveness to various load of shoots and clusters on bushes. The correlation dependence of the total weight of the clusters from one bush and yield from the number of clusters is high. The correlation coefficient is 0.75. With the load of shoots 50 pcs/bush and the load of clusters 63 pcs/bush the average weight of the grape clusters reaches the greatest value and amounts 0.406 kg. The greatest yield of commercial grapes 19.7 t/ha is formed with the load of shoots and clusters on bushes in the amount of 40 and 67 pcs/bush, respectively. With such regulations of the load on the bushes, the cluster of grape retains an attractive commodity appearance and its weight amounts 0.394 kg. Optimized bushes load regulations of shoots and clusters in the amount of 40 and 67 pcs/bush is recommended to use in the central agroececological zone of the viticulture of the Krasnodar Region for growing high yields of the commodity table variety Podarok Nesvetaya on the rootstock Berlandieri × Riparia SO4.

Annotation

In the article are provided experimental data confirming the regularities of changes in the productivity of the table grape variety Victor due to change in the load of bushes with shoots and clusters. Field studies were carried out in the Central Agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar Region, the scheme of bushes planting is 3.8 × 2.0 m, the formation of bushes is a high-standard two-armed cordon, rootstock is Berlandieri × Riparia SO4. The average annual air temperature is 12.5-13.0 ºC, the sum of active temperatures is 3900-4100 ºC, the maximum temperature during the growing season is plus 40 ºC, the temperature in winter drops to minus 30 ºC. The annual amount of atmospheric precipitation is 700-800 mm. The soils are low-humus, powerful leached chernozems. The variety showed a high responsiveness to changes in the load of bushes with shoots and clusters under this agroecological conditions. The correlation dependence of the total mass of clusters from one bush on the number of fruitful shoots and the number of clusters is medium and high, respectively, r = 0.63 and r = 0.75. The dependence of productivity on the load of bushes with shoots and clusters is high. The correlation coefficient is 0.88-0.93 and 0.86-0.99, respectively. The largest mass of a cluster, 0.757 kg, is formed when the bushes are loaded with shoots of 26 pcs. per bush and clusters in the amount of 10 pcs. per bush. Clusters are close in size to this mass when the bushes are loaded with 21 shoots and 13 clusters per bush, as well as when the bushes are loaded with 16 shoots and 12 clusters per bush, respectively, 0.714 and 0.756 kg. The highest yield of grapes, 14.83 and 14.50 t per ha, is formed with the greatest load of bushes with shoots of 26 and 21 pcs. per bush in combination with a load of clusters in the amount of 17 pcs. per bush.