Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Kostyuk Marina
Articles in journal: (total 21)
Results of research on the application of the method of cartograms for working out of adequate measures for restriction of virus infection diffusion, for allocation of the most important ways of viruses diffusion and an assessment of their basic characteristics (speed and diffusion degree, localization, transmitting agents, etc.) are given.
The results of study about the hazelnut varieties resistants to virus disease of unknown etiology in the Krasnodar region, that is manifested as chlorotic ring spots of leaves are presented .
The analysis of fruit crops saplings production in the Krasnodar region for 5 last years is presented in the article. Producer structure, the phytosanitary situation and cultivar policy in the orchard nursery are analised. The problems of the modern fruit crops saplings production in the region are allocated and the possible ways of these problems decision are given.
The use for grafting of rootstocks of "super-standard" category can serve as the promising technique of cultivation of fruit crops seedlings. The influence of SC-3, SC-4, SC-2, MM106 rootstocks on the development of annual apple seedlings of Renet Simirenko, Fuji, Liberty varieties is researched. The dependence of the quality of seedlings, grown by budding, from the thickness of the stock is revealed. It is established that increasing the thickness of rootstocks used for growing seedlings of all experimental varieties, is accompanied by growth characteristics such as height and trunk diameter of seedlings, number of branches and length of branches. Of these, the diameter of the trunk, the number and length of branches are the defining characteristics of seedlings capable to harvest in the first year after planting. The diameter of the stock has the biggest influence on a number of branches (46,0 %) and their length (46,2 %) the lesser influence it has on diameter of the trunk (37,6 %), the height of the trunk (29,5 %) and the height of the seedling (29,2 %). Based on these results, a parametric model of quality improvement of dwarf fruit seedlings on the rootstocks of "super-standard" category is elaborated. This model is the discriminant function.
The method of clonal plants micro reproduction in vitro is one of basic elements of technology of production of the crop's revitalized planding material. It is known that for each new variety it is required the carrying out all of elements of improvement technique: the selection of optimal ratios of elements of nutrient mediums (micro and macro elements, vitamins, growth substances, etc.), the determination of optimal terms of in vitro introduction, the search of safe and effective sterilizers. In the horticulture of the South of Russia there is an annual assortment replenishment of new fruit varieties, so it is required the modification of technique for cultivation of these varieties. The purpose of our research is selection of the effective sterilizing agent for introduction in vitro of plum varieties. The objects of research are the preparations used for the surface disinfection of the explants in the process of introduction in vitro. The carried out research have shown that the greatest exit of viable explants is noted when processing by mercury iodide an average 82 %. Death of explants from an infection in this option is 8 % (the lowest among the studied options), a necrosis of explants an average 10 %, it is also the one of the lowest indexes in an experiment. The highest level of an infection is determined in a control option, when washing of plum explants by the distilled water an average 72 %. In the option of processing by the distilled water (control) the necrosis of apexes is an average 10 % that testifies of weak phytotoxic infection of this way of explants preparing in the process of plum reproduction.