Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Kostyuk Marina
Articles in journal: (total 21)
The method of embryo culture has more and more wide application in the interspecific hybridization of fruit plants. For its improvement the hormonal regulation of growth and development of embryos in vitro is researched and the optimal age of embryos injected into culture is defined. The main objective of the presented work is to receive the viable plants from puny seeds and not sprout embryos of hybrids of sweet cherry and cherry in the course of their cultivation in vitro and to allocate the effective growth regulators and to establish the optimal terms of embryos input in the culture. The results of research on cultivation in vitro of sweet cherry and cherry of 16 combinations of crossing are presented. The regenerants of hybrid embryos of cherry and sweet cherry in vitro culture from 16 combinations of crossings are received. For embryos culture of sweet cherry and cherry the best modification of Murashige-Skoog environment with 79 % level of embryos regeneration is allocated. The most effective concentration of gibberellic acid in the environment for cultivation of cherry and sweet cherry is revealed. That is 10 mg of gibberellic acid per 1 liter of the Murashige-Skoog environment, for all that the embryo size should be maximized.
Apple-tree is the leader in the harvesting and square of orchards in the horticulture of Russia. The development of protection systems from harmful organisms, as a way to increase in yield, is widely studied and put into practice of horticulture. At the same time, the morphological and physiological features of generative capacity and bearing in connection with pathogenesis of major apple diseases were not investigated enough. The aim of this research is to learn an apple organogenesis in the connection with the pathophytocenosis dynamics (for example, scab and powdery mildew of apple). The basic method of study is the morphological-physiological analysis, which combines the study of intra-buds development and the morphometry of the extra-buds development of shoots, leaves, flowers, ovary and fruits in the connection with the pathogenesis of the studied apple tree diseases. The results of studying of apple-tree organogenesis and analysis of the special features of the pathogenesis of the apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and apple powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ell. et Ev.) Salm.), show that both processes depend on the climatic conditions in the location of agrical phytopathocenosis. The mechanism of regulation of apple tree organogenesis and development of pathophytocenosis of cultivation zone of orchards, are the climatic conditions (temperature regime, duration of day, amount of precipitation and others) and the degree of joining is sufficiently close. As consequence, the analysis of the process of apple-tree generative development makes possible to determine not only the data of the harvesting, the methods and the degree of pruning, the norm and the regimes of irrigation, and the introduction of fertilizers, but also the norms and the regimes of the pesticides application, which can be corrected taking into account the data of morphological-physiological analysis.
The results of analytical research of modern technological practices in the orchard nursery and previous ones are presented. The forecast for nursery studies basic parameters of the 6th technological way is given.
The results of research of a susceptibility of 14 plum varieties to plum pox potyvirus (PPV) in the orchard of the Krasnodar territory are presented. Varieties are divided into groups according to a studied sign: susceptible, tolerant, potentially tolerant
An analytical review of international, national and own experience in study of ecology of photosynthesis and translocation of assimilates in the apple tree is presented.