Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Issue: 63(3)

Date posted: 15.05.20

Total articles: 28

Total authors: 62

DOI of issue: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63

Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection

pdf
480 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.84.09: 575.222.72: 575.113
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-1-13
Keywords: GRAPES, DNA-CERTIFICATION, PATHOGENS, IDENTIFICATION, REAL-TIME PCR, DEEP SEQUENCING

Annotation

Grapes are a valuable cultural plant for human. It is used fresh, as a raw material for the juice, wine and canning industries, and for the various types of dried products. Of the total number of grapes produced in the world, 80-90 % is used for processing into wines, juices and other products, up to 10 % of the grapes are consumed fresh and 5-6 % goes to drying. Industrial management of high-quality grape plantations and nurseries is impossible without the use of scientific knowledge that allows you to identify the most productive grape varieties for specific agro-climatic zones, determine the purity of plants and the diagnose the phytopathogens in the planting material and existing plantations. One of the most effective methods for solving problems of nursery management is molecular genetic, which are widely used for DNA certification, determining the origin of grapes and for identifying pathogens in the planting material. DNA profiling allows us to screen out mutant forms at an early stage or select them for further research. Diagnostics of pathogens in the uterine plantations and planting material includes the identification of pathogenic organisms and early detection of asymptomatic diseases (viruses, phytoplasmic infections, tracheomycosis, bacterial cancer). Methods of control of planting material, which are widely used in nursery management, include the enzyme immunoanalisis, placement the indicator plants into the uterine plantations, PCR method and deep sequencing. The use of these methods in the nursery allows to correctly identify the varietal identity of the material on the early stages, to identify the presence of pathogens harmful, and make timely set of protective measures that later will ensure the effective development and high quality of the uterine plants.

How to cite
Kotlyar V., Ilnitskaya E., Makarkina M., Lobodina E. USE OF MOLECULAR GENETIC METHODS FOR VARIETAL IDENTIFICATION AND ACCELERATED DIAGNOSTICS OF PHYTOPATHOGENS LATENT FORMS IN THE PROBLEMS SOLVING OF GRAPE NURSERY [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 1–13. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/01.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-1-13 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
704 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.8.09
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-14-29
Keywords: GENOTYPE, GRAPES, SEED, SEEDLING, EFFECTIVENESS OF POLLINATION, SETTING ABILITY OF SEEDS

Annotation

For more accurate assessment of the hybridization prospects of native varieties, it is expedient to evaluate its effectiveness. For practical work following evaluation parameters are used: setting ability of seeds during self-pollination and cross pollination; effectiveness of pollination; biological effectiveness of hybridization; breeding effectiveness. The study included: as female forms 10 native varieties of Crimea with a functional female type of flower; as male forms the pollen of 25 complex interspecific hybrids, 7 varieties of the West European ecological-geographical group and 9 autochthonous varieties of the Don. Analysis of the results in the context of years showed that the most successful according to the parameters of crossbreeding were 2012 and 2016, and the least favorable were 2015 and 2018. Considering the parameters of seed germination with the participation of various native varieties, high data variability is noted. In the crosscombinations with the participation of Aibatly and Khersonesskii varieties, the average number of seedlings per one cross-combination has a very low level 7.2-16.2 pcs. Moreover, the seedlings obtained from fully formed seeds amount a very high percentage more than 60. The female form Tashly stands out, as it provides in hybridization the maximum number of seedlings per 1 combination of crossing, more than 100 pcs. The average percentage of seedlings obtained from full seeds is very low 30.7, and the maximum level is 48 %. A group of varieties including Kefesiya, Kok Pandas and Tashly, was selected and demonstrates high hybridization efficiency in intraspecific crossing and in crossing with complex interspecific hybrids. Varieties Sary Pandas and Misgiuli Kara are distinguished by low setting ability of seeds, however, the biological effectiveness of hybridization remains at the level of group 1. We can confirm that female parent varieties Sary Pandas and Misgiuli Kara are specific in issues of crossing ability and viability of hybrid seeds.

How to cite
Vasylyk I. THE EFFICIENCY OF HYBRIDIZATION OF CRIMEAN AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPES CULTIVARS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 14–29. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/02.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-14-29 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
668 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.85(470.61)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-30-44
Keywords: GRAPEVINE, AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPEVINEVARIETIES, AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION, YIELD CAPACITY, TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF WINES, ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WINE

Annotation

The purpose of the research was to study comprehensively the group of Don autochthonous grapevine varieties with a view to justify the feasibility of introducing them into the assortment of vineyards in the Rostov Region for the production of wines of protected appellation of origin districts. The research was conducted in 2015-2019 at the Potapenko Don ampelographic collection (Novocherkassk). The object of the research were autochthonous Don grapevine varieties: Belobulaniy, Kumshatskiy Beliy, Champanchik Tsimlyanskiy, Champanchik2, Sypun Cherniy, Stariy Goryun and Bessergenevsky No. 5; Sibirkoviy was a control for white varieties, Krasnostop Zolotovsky for red ones. Varieties were studied in grafted culture on Cober 5BB rootstock. Covered grapevine culture was used without watering. The planting scheme was 3.0 x 1.5 m. Kumshatsky Beliy had the highest average mass of a bunch 408 g. The varieties of Belobulaniy and Kumshatskiy Beliy had a very high estimated yield (17 t/ha or more). The varieties of Champanchik Tsimlyanskiy and Krasnostop Zolotovskiy had a very high sugar content of berry juice (more than 23 g/100 cm3). High degustation evaluations were given to table dry wines from the varieties of Kumshatskiy Beliy, Belobulaniy (at the level of the control grade Sibirkoviy 8.8 points), and the Sipun Cherniy variety (8.8 points), the control Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety had 8.9 points. Based on the results of the study we conclude that the total positive agronomic traits and the quality of wine production of white technical grapevines of Kumshatskiy Beliy, Belobulanniy, and red technical Sipun Cherniy variety are promising varieties for introducing to the assortment of vineyards of the Lower Don area, to expand the range of quality wines of protected appellations of origin.

How to cite
Ganich V., Naumova L., Matveeva N. DON AUTOCHTHONOUS GRAPEVINE VARIETIES FOR EXPANDING THE ASSORTMENT OF VINEYARDS IN THE LOWER DON REGION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 30–44. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/03.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-30-44 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
492 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.852 (470.61)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-45-59
Keywords: GRAPEVINE, VARIETY, AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION, YIELD, TECHNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF WINES

Annotation

Climate change poses the challenge of adapting the viticulture to the new natural resource potential of the regions. A necessary condition for this is the assessment and analysis of current trends in the agrobiological characteristics of varieties. The purpose of the research was to determine the agrobiological parameters under the conditions of the Lower Don Region and to give a technological assessment of wine materials from the Rhenish Riesling, Italian Riesling, and Muscat Riesling varieties in comparison with the control Rkatsiteli variety. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 at the Ya.I. Potapenko Don ampelographic collection (Novocherkassk). Riesling variety had the largest yield (12.5 t/ha), Italian Riesling was in second position (9.5 t/ha), and Rhenish Riesling was at the level of the control variety of Rkatsiteli (5.6 t/ha). The studied varieties of physical and chemical indicators of wine materials met the requirements of State Regulations. The sugar content of the berry juice was medium and high, and the titrated acidity was medium. The studied wines received tasting ratings from 8.6 to 8.9 points, the control variety Rkatsiteli 8.5-8.6 points. Wine of the varieties Italian Riesling and Rhine Riesling received the highest tasting scores. The Muscat Riesling is not as famous as the Rhenish Riesling and the Italian Riesling, however, the quality of the wine was estimated from 8.6 to 8.7 points. It can be concluded that the studied grape varieties Rhenish Riesling, Italian Riesling and Muscat Riesling have adapted well to the conditions of the Lower Don Region, and are superior to the control variety Rkatsiteli in terms of main economic and valuable characteristics. Wines from these varieties were distinguished by elegant, pale straw color, well-developed aroma, with clearly traced varietal characteristics.

How to cite
Naumova L., Ganich V., Matveeva N. RIESLINGS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER DON REGION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 45–59. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/04.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-45-59 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
538 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.8 : 631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-60-73
Keywords: GRAPES, INTRODUCTION, VARIETY, VEGETATION, STRESS FACTORS, ADAPTATION

Annotation

Studies of the introduced German technical Monarch grape variety were carried out in the Black Sea agro-ecological zone of viticulture in the Krasnodar Territory. In unstable weather conditions, the duration of the growing season from blooming buds to the full physiological maturity of grape berries was 135 days in 2018, and in 2019 was 125 days. The variety showed the signs of an adaptive response to changing weather conditions. With an acute deficit of precipitation and a slow increase in air temperature in 2018, the duration of the second phase of the vegetation from the beginning of bud blooming to the beginning of flowering was 11 days longer. The significant difference in the duration of the second and third phases of vegetation is explained by the adaptive reaction of the introduced variety to lower air temperature in late May and early June in 2018. The difference in average daily air temperature during the period of active shoot growth and at the beginning of flowering reached 4.6 ºC, the amount of precipitation was 4.3 times less, that promoted the accelerated ripening of grapes in 2018. The maximum air temperature on average during the ripening period of grape berries was equal to 33 º in 2018, and 31 º in 2019. The amount of precipitation was 3.3 times less than normal. The high adaptive reaction of the technical Monarch grape variety is of great practical importance for use in scientific purposes and in industrial production when creating the stable ampelocenoses in unstable weather conditions of Southern Russia.

How to cite
Larkina M., Dergachev D., Petrov V., Pankin M., Marmorshtein A. PHENOLOGICAL CYCLES OF THE TECHNICAL MONARCH VARIETY UNDER UNSTABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 60–73. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/05.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-60-73 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
520 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.8 : 631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-74-85
Keywords: GRAPES, VARIETY, VEGETATION, ADAPTATION

Annotation

Study of phenology of universal grape variety Podarok Dmitria were carried out in the Black Sea agroecological zone of viticulture in the Krasnodar Territory. According to the data of research the variety shows the signs of earlymedium ripening and adaptive response under unstable weather conditions in the temperate continental climate of Southern of Russia. The signs of adaptation of this variety were most manifested during the ripening period of grape berries. The duration of the ripening period of grape berries in atypical weather conditions in 2018 was 17 days, 13 days less than in 2019. The accelerated ripening of grape berries was promoted by high solar insolation and an acute deficit of precipitation. The average daily air temperature in this period in 2018 was 3.5 C higher than in 2019 and 1.8 C higher than the average long-term norm. The amount of precipitation in 2018 was 13.5 times less than in 2019, 7.8 times less than the norm and amounted to 3.7 mm. In 2019, the low air temperature at the beginning of the growing of studied grape variety compared to 2018 contributed to a restrained bud opening, growth of shoots and inflorescences. A sharp warming in late May-early June contributed to an earlier start of plant flowering. The low temperature in the second half of the growing season compared to 2018 and the average longterm norm slowed down the physiological processes and made longer the periods of growth of grape berries.

How to cite
Dergachev D., Larkina M., Petrov V., Pankin M., Marmorshtein A. PHENOLOGY OF NEW GRAPE VARIETY OF PODAROK DMITRIA IN UNSTABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS OF SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 74–85. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/06.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-74-85 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
767 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.75:631.527:631.526.32
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-86-95
Keywords: STRAWBERRY, BREEDING, ELITE FORMS, COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT

Annotation

Garden strawberry is the earliest fruiting crop in southern Russia, and is very popular among consumers. Today, one of the important tasks of modern berry growing in Russia is to improve the assortment and increase in its adaptability based on an increase in the share of local selection varieties. Of relevance to the Southern zone of fruit growing is the task of creating the intensive-type neutral-day varieties that combine comprehensive resistance to drought and high temperatures, diseases and vermins, stable high yield, good taste and transportability. Of particular importance and relevance in the zone of intense tension of hydrothermal factors is the identification from the available genetic diversity of strawberry, the varieties and forms with increased drought tolerance. In this direction, the Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station, VIR Branch carries out this research. The result of these works was a new strawberry variety of fruiting neutral day type Pelagia. The variety was created in 2007-2011 by the method of intraspecific intersortal hybridization in combination with multi-stage selection from the hybrid family of Elizaveta 2 and Irma. The variety is zoned in 2020. The paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of economically valuable traits of this variety. It was found that it surpasses the variety landed in region of Elizaveta 2 on large-fruited (average berry weight of 15.3 g, control 12.7 g), quality of marketable products, and productivity: 850.3 g / bush and 612.8 g / bush (control). According to the level of drought tolerance, this variety is at the level of the parent form Elizaveta 2. Study have confirmed that the Elizaveta 2 ariety is a source of high productivity and drought tolerance.

How to cite
Gorelikova O., Gasanova T. CREATING AND COMPREHENSIVE OF A NEW GARDEN STRAWBERRY VARIETY OF PELAGAY [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 86–95. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/07.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-86-95 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Breeding and production of planting material

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494 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.1:631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-96-106
Keywords: PEAR, QUINCE, VARIETY, UTERINE TREES, SIGN, ROOTSTOCK, SCION, PRODUCTIVITY, SUSTAINABILITY

Annotation

To create the highly productive orchards, you must have the high-quality planting material. The quality of planting material, in turn, depends on the cuttings used for grafting, the quality of which is associated with the state of the uterine plants. The article, using for example the pear and quince varieties, shows the role of uterine cuttings in obtaining a healthy and productive planting material. It is noted that the quantitative yield of cuttings and their qualitative condition depend on the proper agricultural technique of growing uterine plants. The main purpose of the work was to create disease-free material, as well as to obtain clones of pear and quince varieties with valuable traits and properties of fruits, with restrained tree growth, resistance to diseases, increased winter and drought resistance. In this study, we needed to show on individual varieties the importance of selecting uterine trees, which cuttings are harvested, for buds grafting and obtaining the high-quality planting material in nurseries. To solve this problem (for three years), the clone selection was carried out, typical and highly productive pear trees of the Kubanskaya Sochnaya and quince of Muscatnaya and Desertnaya were selected. In time with clone selection, plants were distinguished visually which were free of symptoms of disease and virus damage. In the work the laboratory and field method are used, studies were carried out according to programs and techniques, both generally accepted and new. As a result of the studies, uterine pear trees of the Kubanskaya Sochnaya and Muscatnaya and Desertnaya quince varieties were recommended to obtain the planting material of pure varieties.

How to cite
Mozhar N. THE ROLE OF MOTHER TREES IN OBTAINING OF HIGH-QUALITY PLANTING MATERIAL [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 96–106. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/08.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-96-106 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
515 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.23:581.143.6:001.891
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-107-120
Keywords: MICROFLORA, NUTRITION, IN VITRO, CHERRY, CHERRY ORDINARY, STERILIZATION

Annotation

The paper presents a review of the literature on sterilizing agents used in biotechnology. The features of their impact these agents on the object of study and the negative impact on the researcher's body are considered. The effect of chlorine-containing preparations such as Belizna, NAZ-TABS, Deo Chlor in various concentrations of aqueous solutions and various times of exposure of sweet cherries and cherries to the eradication of saprophytic microflora of the seed when introduced into an in vitro culture was studied. According to the results of the experiments, the number of infected embryos was recorded, and the percentage of viable sweet cherry and cherry embryos was also determined. In this case, burned from the effects of chemicals, "glassy" and darkened nuclei were taken into account. It was found that treating the seeds of Prunus cerasus L. varieties only with chlorine-containing preparations in low concentrations is ineffective. An increase in the concentration of chlorine-containing drugs leads to partial damage of the kornels, which affects the seedlings output. Significant efficiency of sequential sterilization of sweet cherry and cherry seeds was shown when introduced into the culture in vitro with preparations with different chemical bases. The optimal sterilization time and active substances for exposure to seeds of studied sweet cherries and cherries were revealed. This is an aqueous solution of Deo Chlor (10 and 8 minutes, respectively) with the additional use of hydrogen peroxide (3%) for 2-3 minutes. Such a phased sterilization method determined the yield of viable embryos for further in vitro cultivation at the level of 75-77,5 % in cherries and 82,5 % in sweet cherries.

How to cite
Kovalenko N., Polivara N. IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF OBTAINING THE GENUS PRUNUS L. SAPROPHYTIC MICROFLORA FREE EMBYOUS FOR IN VITRO CULTURE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 107–120. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/09.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-107-120 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Mineral nutrition of plants

pdf
542 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.8; 634.8.03
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-121-134
Keywords: GRAPES, PHYLLOXERA, PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, ROOT SYSTEM, TOLERANCE, PLANTING MATERIAL

Annotation

The article shows the results of studies on the effectiveness of the use of physiological active substances (FAS) for top dressing treatment of vegetative saplings for the formation and development of the root system of grapes. The purpose of this work is to reveal the fundamental possibility of obtaining the high-quality root-owning planting material from shortened cuttings of phyloxera tolerant grape varieties with a limited nutrition area using physiological active substances. Studies were carried out on promising grape varieties for the Republic of Dagestan, suitable for cultivation in the root own crop. The Agadai variety served as a control. It has been established that for phylloxera-tolerant technical grape varieties, when the top dressing application of FAS the indicators shown for the quality of native root planting material are achieved. The use of physiological active Substances by treating the leaf surface of grape sapling is more effective and more appropriate than the preplanting application of an auxin preparation. In particular, in the process of studying a promising technical variety of Pervenets Magarach for the Republic of Daghestan suitable for own roots cultivationit it is revealed that the optimal for obtaining root- owning planting material is a planting scheme of 20x10 cm with a cuttings length of 20 cm and when the treatment of vegetative plants with a solution of FAS when the shoots of 20-30 cm in length. The results of carried out research open the way for accelerated propagation of especially valuable phyloxera-tolerant grape varieties under the condition of limited genetic material and land resources.

How to cite
Kazahmedov R., Petrov V., Saidov B., Abdullayeva T. FORMATION OF THE ROOT SYSTEM IN PHYLLOXERA TOLERANT GRAPE VARIETIES WITH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 121–134. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/10.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-121-134 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
757 Кб
21 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-135-155
Keywords: VARIETY; GRAPES; GIBBERELLIN; MICEFIT; FRUITING, FRUITFULLNESS AND PRODUCTIVITY COEFFICIENTS

Annotation

The degree of laying and development of embryonic fertility in the overwintering central buds depends on the grape variety, its genetic characteristics and ecological and geographical origin. The purpose of our research was to study the influence of growth regulators on the laying of embryo inflorescences along the length of the annual shoot of the Solaris, Bianka, and Pervenets Magarach grape varieties. Treatment by gibberellin and micefit was carried out twice in three concentrations of 1.10 and 100 mg / l: before flowering and during post-fertilization. On the basis of the data obtained, the coefficients of fruiting (K1), fruitfullness (K2), and productivity (Kp) of the central overwintering buds along the length and three buds levels of the annual shoot were calculated. It was determined that treatment of Solaris variety by gibberellin stimulated an increase in the fruiting coefficient at the 5th level. When applying micefit at a concentration of 10 mg / l in both periods of treatment, the maximum value of this indicator was noted at the level of the 6th (1.74) and 4th (2.03) nodes, respectively. In Bianca variety the use of micefit in a lower concentration during both treatment periods increases in the fruiting coefficient at the level of the 9-10th node (1.68-1.70). The use of tested growth regulators led to an increase in productivity coefficient. Its maximum value was determined in the treatment option during the post-fertilization period of the Solaris variety by micefit (10 mg / l) at the level of the 4-7th node (1.21), which is 1.5 times higher than in the control. In the variety Pervenets Magarach the best value of the productivity coefficient was noted in the variant of treatment by micefitin of a lower concentration. The use of growth regulators of gibberellin and micefit in the tested concentrations allows to reveal more the biocapacity of the embryonic fruiting of the overwintering buds of each studied grape variety.

How to cite
Ghinda E., Platonova S. THE FORMATION OF EMBRYONIC FERTILITY OF OVERWINTERING BUDS ALONG THE LENGTH OF AN ANNUAL MATURED SHOOT OF TECHNICAL GRAPE VARIETIES WHEN PROCESSING OF GROWTH REGULATORS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 135–155. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/11.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-135-155 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Quality Management

pdf
651 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.85 (470.61): 631.524.02
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-156-170
Keywords: GRAPES, AMPELOGRAPHIC COLLECTION, DETACHING FORCE, CRUSHING FORCE

Annotation

Analysis of the mechanical stability of grape berries is important for understanding the consumer value of fresh grapes, their resistance to diseases, vermins, and meteorological factors. The aim of the work is to analyze the detaching and crushing force for grape berries in contrast groups of varieties and to study their relationship with other agrobiological features and weather conditions. 41 grape varieties from the Ya. I. Potapenko Don ampelographic collection were studied: 32 table, 4 seedless and 5 universal varieties. The sample includes 12 varieties of Vitis vinifera L., 6 varieties of interspecific origin V. vinifera L. × V. amurensis Rupr., 1 variety V. vinifera L. × V. labrusca L., 21 hybrids with several American species, 1 complex interspecific hybrid of European-Amuro-American origin. The difference in indicators of mechanical stability of berries in groups of different direction of use, taxonomic origin, maturation period, color of berries was studied. The correlation of indicators of mechanical stability of berries with each other, with other characteristics of varieties, with weather conditions is studied. The positive relationship between the size of the berry and its mechanical stability noted in the literature is confirmed. Table varieties have a larger berry size and have greater mechanical stability of berries than universal and seedless ones. The group of complex hybrids with American grape species was characterized by a large berry size and greater mechanical stability of the berries compared to varieties and intraspecific hybrids of V. vinifera L., and interspecific hybrids of V. vinifera L. × V. amurensis Rupr. There was a large mechanical stability of varieties with black berries. There were no differences in the mechanical stability of the berry in varieties of different maturation periods. The formation of a large number of elements of productivity, a large amount of precipitation during the ripening period of berries lead to reducing the mechanical stability of berries.

How to cite
Novikova L., Naumova L. FACTORS OF RESISTANCE OF GRAPE BERRIES TO DETACHING AND CRUSHING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 156–170. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/12.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-156-170 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
522 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.8:631.45
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-171-180
Keywords: VINEYARDS, SOIL, PESTICIDES, DETOXIFICATION, ORGANIC FERTILIZER, QUALITY OF GRAPES

Annotation

The soil of vineyards treated with pesticides is the main accumulator of their toxic residues that migrate in the ecological chain soil-plant-grape. Among the main factors that affect the yield and quality of grape-wine products, is the progressive soil degradation of grape plantations. In the vineyards, the soil is degraded to a greater degree because the process of its cultivation and hard exploitation going on for a long time. Recently, due to the loss of active humus and the loss of microbial activity, there has been a decrease in fertility and the accumulation of toxic chemical compounds in the soil. The soil loses its characteristic structure and functions, there is a loss of natural microflora, and this reduces the ability to selfpurification, nitrogen fixation, and mobilization of food elements, which in the end is marked by a shortage and deterioration in the quality of grape and wine products. Increasing in the biological potential of the soil is possible by providing it with biomaterial in the form of humified plant residues that increase in the suppressiveness of the soil and activate the process of destruction of persistent toxic compounds to safe levels. The study of increased natural and energy potential of the vineyards soil that are devoid of rotational-restorative agro bioprocess is still an acutely relevant and in-demand research area. The relevance of the presented research and the novelty of the existing problem is confirmed by incomplete data in the world practice on the use of deficient biomaterial in biological agriculture and is determined by the feasibility of using the achievements of biotechnology in vineyards. The rational and promising direction of application of organic fertilizer in industrial vineyards include the secondary waste of grape production. This paper presents the scientific and methodological materials and results of complex agrotechnical and ecological toxicological studies in viticulture.

How to cite
Belkov A., Vorobyova T. APPLICATION OF BIO-FERTILIZER TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF GRAPE-WINE PRODUCTS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 171–180. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/13.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-171-180 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
769 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 663.2; 634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-181-195
Keywords: CLIMATE CHANGE, WINEMAKING, WINE COMPOSITION, WINE QUALITY, ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSIS

Annotation

Climatic changes in the recent decades are global in nature and have a significant impact the processes occurring in the biosphere. Climate change is manifested in increased weather variability, an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, such as floods, droughts, hurricanes, increased uneven precipitation, elevated temperatures, and increased air humidity. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of climate change in recent years the quality of white wine from the West European group under the conditions of Anapa terroir. It was shown that after 2017, the weather and climatic conditions of grape vegetation began to change significantly. The 2018 year was characterized as extremely hot and periodically dry with an extremely uneven distribution of precipitation. The technochemical and organoleptic analysis of wine samples from the 2018 harvest revealed the influence of changing weather conditions the quality of wines from white European grape varieties. Grape juice contains several hundred different phenolic substances, which affect the color, bitterness, astringency and other important indicators of wine. They determine the predisposition of the wine to oxidation, discoloration and atypical aging. The high content of phenols in the must of grapes from the 2018 harvest, combined with high sugar content and low acidity, contributed to the instability of the wine. The technochemical changes affected the level of spirituality, acidity of wines and the degree of accumulation of phenolic substances. According to organoleptic parameters, the quality of wines of most varieties in the experiment decreased by 0,26 -0,42 tasting points. In the organoleptic evaluation of the experimental wines of the 2018 harvest, a high alcohol content, a low degree of acidity and a heavy oily texture were noted.

How to cite
Dergunov A., Lopin S. INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CHANGES THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS AND ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF WHITE TABLE WINE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 181–195. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/14.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-181-195 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
624 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 663.253
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-196-205
Keywords: WINE YEAST, WINE ACIDITY, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, MALIC ACID, GLYCERIN

Annotation

Of particular importance in wine-making is the problem of raw materials condition. In the wine-making regions of Russia we can observe a lower content of organic acids in the grape berries during fermentation and the lower of grape must acidity. The described phenomenon arises from the settling out wine acid salts during fermentation, in addition, harvesting is often carried out with insufficient sugar content and high acidity of berries. The most promising methods of influence the acidity are biological methods, as in the final product the side chemical substances are not formed. The work purpose is the development of new methods to improve the formation of aromatic substances and to increase in acidity of white wines biological methods. The paper discusses the impact of the 4 yeast strains in the acidity of the wine. The influence of the pH of the grape juice the accumulation of malic acid and glycerin is studied. The main focus was on malic acid, because it has been proven that the taste of the wine depends on its content. The initial content of malic acid in the samples was 0.67 g/dm3; 1.42 g/dm3 and 0.5 g/dm3. In the final product, its content increased in all of the samples. The best result was achieved with the use of France Elegance yeast: the amount of the accumulated malic acid increased in 2, 2.5 and 4 times respectively. The research results showed that the France Elegance yeast are the most promising for acidity control in white wines, regardless of the pH value, since only these yeasts accumulate a significant amount of malic acid.

How to cite
Martynenko N., Emelina N. STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF GENUS SACCHAROMYCES YEAST THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GRAPE MUST [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 196–205. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/15.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-196-205 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
558 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 663.263.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-206-216
Keywords: WHITE AND RED WINES, TURBID, TERMOXIDE-3A FORMS, CATIONS OF K, NA, CA, MG

Annotation

Crystal turbid of wines is still widespread, despite the presence of various methods and technologies for their prevention and elimination. Therefore, studies on this issue are always relevant direction of research: this work presents the experimental data indicating the feasibility of using Thermoxide-3A sorbents in the H + form to control the concentration of potassium and calcium cations in the wines, and to prevent and eliminate crystal (tartrate) turbid. It was established that the use of Thermoxide-3A in the H+-form in the dynamic processing mode of wine materials ensures a decrease in the concentration of all studied elements potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium during the first contact of wine with a sorbent. It is shown when passing a 10-fold amount of wine, the concentration of potassium cation in the average sample was significantly less than the recommended values. The pH value decreased especially at the beginning of treatment; as the wine was passed through the sorbent, the pH increased insignificantly and after passing a 10-fold volume of wine the pH remained below the initial value. An increase in the mass concentration of titratable acids was noted in the studied wine materials. The use of the sorbent of the Thermoxide-3A brand in the H + form does not lead to a deterioration in the quality of all drinks studied: a slight manifestation of sharpness was observed, which is highly likely associated with a slight increase in acidity. It is proved by results of research that the use of the sorbent of Thermoxide 3A in the Na + form does not recommend: it contributes to a more than tenfold increase in the concentration of sodium cation, to decrease in the color intensity of red wines, and the appearance of uncharacteristic tones in the taste of wines.

How to cite
Ageeva N., Markovskiy M., Antonenko M. THERMOXID-3A FOR STABILIZATION OF WINES TO CRYSTAL TURBID [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 206–216. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/16.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-206-216 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Phytosanitary condition of plants

pdf
965 Кб
23 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 632.9
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-217-239
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, PLUM-TREE, AGROCENOSIS, MYCOPATHOCOMPLEX, MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABILITY

Annotation

Since 2014, transformations of mycopathocenoses in the plantations of fruit crops in the South of Russia have been revealed: an acceleration in the epiphytoties of dominant phytopathogens, an increase in the number and prevalence of previously rare species, and the appearance of epiphytoties hotbed caused by their diseases. These data indicate a violation of the phytosanitary stability of apple and plum agrocenoses in the Krasnodar Region. The violation is caused by a change in the basic meteorological parameters of the climate, an increase in the frequency of occurrence of extreme weather conditions. In this regard, the development of parametric models of phytosanitary resistant of fruit crops in agrocenoses is actual field of research. The studies were carried out using the laboratory analysis methods, field experiments, routing examinations, and comparative analysis. As a methodological base, we used the methodological tools for optimizing reproduction processes developed at the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making Laboratory of Economics. As a result of the research carried out, the main trends in the formation of the functional structure of mycopathcomplexes of apple and plum plantings in the Krasnodar Territory were revealed. Methodological approaches to the creation of parametric models for ensuring the stability of agrocenoses of apple and plum trees based on adaptive management of the phythosanitary state of these crops orchards have been developed. The system of indicators that determine the functioning of the mycoses pathogen complex is estimated. An algorithm of study the transformations of apple and plum mycopathocenoses under changing environmental conditions has been developed. A system of diagnostic indicators for assessing the phythosanitary stability of fruit agrocenoses and scientifically based the principles for managing apple and plum agrocenoses under conditions of increased abiotic and anthropogenic impacts taken place last time in the Krasnodar Region are proposed.

How to cite
Yakuba G., Mishchenko I. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PARAMETRIC MODELS OF PHYTOSANITARY RESISTANT AGROCENOSES OF APPLE AND PLUM [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 217–239. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/17.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-217-239 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
663 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 632.9
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-240-253
Keywords: PROTECTION SYSTEM, BIOLOGIZATION, BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION, NURSERY FARMING, DISEASES, VERMINS

Annotation

This article presents an analytical review of modern world literature sources related to elements of technology for protecting the sapling in nursery farming from diseases and vermins. The data in presented presents on the state of nursery in the Russian Federation and abroad at present, the main problems of nursery development are shown. Analysis of literary sources of 2018-19 confirms the data obtained in previous years shown that in order to grow healthy, quality planting material, it is necessary to observe the complex methods: agrotechnical, biological, phytosanitarian and chemical, which include several stages. The first stage is to determine the state of the soil, the article shows how to clean the soil from pesticides and pathogen residues, to increase in soil microflora, to reduce soil degradation. The second stage is to select the source material, which should be healthy, varietal and adapted to local environmental conditions. The third stage is the study, classification and phytosanitary monitoring of vermins and diseases of sapling. The main diseases of saplings in the nursery are root cancer (Agrobacterium tumefaciens) and root rot (Phytophtora cactorum). The main vermins are various types of grub, aphids, ticks, goldfish, leafworms, mice and hares. Phytosanitary monitoring is carried out by a manual or modern automated method, using aerial photographs and drones. The fourth stage measures to control vermins and diseases: the use of microbiological and chemical pesticides; trapping and disorientation of pests using pheromones; restrain of vermins number by entomophages; weed control using special techniques for weeding row spacing.

How to cite
Didenko N., Podgornaya M. INTEGRATED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF FRUIT CROPS PROTECTION IN THE NURSERY [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 240–253. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/18.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-240-253 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
526 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 632.3
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-254-269
Keywords: FRUIT CROPS, VIRUSES, ELIMINATION, IN VITRO, IN VIVO, MERISTEM CULTURE, THERMOTHERAPY, MICRO GRAFTING, CRYOTHERAPY

Annotation

One of the main problems of the fruit and berry industry currently is a group of systemic pathogens for which there are no effective remedies of protection. Viruses, viroids, phytoplasmas and bacterial pathogens cause huge damage to fruit producers. Their presence in plants reduces the yield and quality of agricultural crops. The prevalence of viral diseases in Russia varies from 32 to 80 % depending on the culture and region of cultivation. However, replacing the infected plant material with a nonviral one can increase productivity by up to 30%. For the production of virus-free planting material in the world, various methods for the elimination of viruses are used, including such as the culture of meristem (in vitro), thermotherapy, chemotherapy, micro grafting (microtransplantation) and cryotherapy of the meristem tips. These methods and approaches for the elimination of viruses are successfully used in various countries to effective viruses fight for almost all of the most economical important crops, which is an agricultural strategy for the production of virus-free plant material. The main factors affecting the efficiency of viruses elimination from plant material are as follows: type of virus, type of plant and its genotype, temperature and duration of thermotherapy, incremental temperature increase and its change, type and concentration of antiviral agents, explant source, tip size and the location of the meristem, genetic stability of the plant. The analyzed literature data on the elimination of viruses from plant material of various fruit crops show that the combination of methods for eliminating viruses has much higher efficiency when combining not only one, but several methods of plant healthing in turn, depending on the type of virus, type and variety of the crops.

How to cite
Karpushina M., Suprun I. METHODS AND APPROACHES TO VIRUS ELIMINATION UNDER IN VITRO AND IN VIVO CONDITIONS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 254–269. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/19.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-254-269 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
563 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 632.937:634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-270-284
Keywords: GRAPES, PATHOGENS OF CONDUCTING SYSTEM, ANTAGONISTS

Annotation

In recent years, there has been an increasing of the economical importance of diseases of the vascular system of grapes all over the world. The main pathogens are specialized fungal pathogens, the so-called ESCA complex. These fungi cause various types of necrosis. The affected plants have a growth delay, shortening of internodes, intercellular chlorosis, and a reduction of the growth of the young shoots. Disease outbreaks are usually finished with the death of the vine after a few years. The severest form of the disease is apoplexy, which leads to the death of plants in just a few days. The consequences of the disease are the grape plantations productivity dropping. Fully disease-resistant cultivated or wild vine taxa do not currently exist. Biotechnology is the main global trend of the modern grapes protection (in the nurseries and exploited plantations), as well as in all fields of the plant growing. A sufficient number of scientific Publications have been devoted to the development of adaptive-integrated protection systems based on using of maximum possible non-chemical means of limiting or controlling t rachemicosis infection. In the world`s scientists` researches several solutions have been proposed: physical and biological ways to fight pathogens, and increasing in the resistance of plants themselves. The producers based on various Trichoderma strains among the biological methods that are widely used. They are used at all stages of reproduction in the nursery: soaking cuttings, fusion of the scion and rootstock, rooting. Studies of other authors have shown the ability of combinations of different strains of Pythium oligandrum to colonize the grapes roots and induce the protective reactions of the plant. Endophytic bacteria are also promising producers that suppress the development of the disease. All of these producers represent the opportunity to solve the problem of infection with tracheomycosis in nurseries and vineyards.

How to cite
Burovinskaya M., Urchenko E. TRACHEOMYCOSIS GRAPE DISEASES AND MEASURES OF THEIR RESTRICTION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 270–284. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/20.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-270-284 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
549 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 579.678; 635-2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-285-295
Keywords: PLANT PRODUCTS, STORAGE, BERRIES, STRAWBERRY, ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, MICROFLORA, PHYTOPATHOGENS

Annotation

The study and generalization of world experience in research on the development of technologies to reduce losses, stabilize the quality and maximize the preservation of biologically active substances of crop products during storage, made it possible to conclude that research on the methodology for the application of electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequencies (EMF ELF) is relevant. to control the development of pathogenic microflora, leading to the development of diseases and, as a consequence, the loss of crop production. During the study, the composition of the microflora of strawberries was studied, it was found that the amount of mesophilic aerobic and optionally anaerobic microorganisms (MAaOAM) on the berries of the strawberry variety Marmalade, the harvest of 2019, ranged from 5000 CFU/g to 12000 CFU/g. MAaOAM are mainly represented by spore microorganisms, enterobacteria and yeast. The number of molds is from 110 CFU/g to 1400 CFU/g. The influence of EMF treatment by electromagnetic fields on the pathogens of strawberry fungal nature was investigated. In the samples treated with EMF ELF, in comparison with the control sample, the number of microorganisms after 14 days of storage was lower. The regularities of the influence of the EMF ELF processing parameters on the development of pathogenic microorganisms of strawberries in experiments and in vivo were revealed. It was established that the processing of strawberries of the variety Marmelada using ELF EMF with parameters: frequency 30 Hz, current strength 10. A, processing time 30 minutes has the maximum inhibitory effect on the development of phytopathogenic microorganisms Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus nigricans.

How to cite
Babakina M., Mihailuta L., Gorlov S., Pershakova T., Kupin G. RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS OF EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCIES ON HYTOPATHOGENS OF STRAWBERRIES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 285–295. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/21.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-285-295 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
602 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 579.678; 635-2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-296-306
Keywords: FRUITS, EXTENSION, PROCESSING, NEW TECHNOLOGIES

Annotation

The problem of storing fruits and vegetables and preserving their sensory and nutritional qualities is actual nowadays. It is extremely important to find such a technology for preserving fresh fruits and vegetables and with the use of which all the components of their chemical composition remain at a high level for the longest time in terms of their content and do not undergo significant changes, biological activity and safety. To ensure stabilization of commercial quality, maximum preservation of biologically active substances and reduction of losses during storage of berry raw materials, various technologies are used such as controlled gas environment, treatment with chemical reagents, microbiological preparations, the use of various physical factors. A comparative analysis of the growth dynamics of the populations of the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer was carried out depending on the parameters of their treatment with ELF EMF. The regularities of the influence of the ELF EMF processing parameters on the development of pathogenic microorganisms of strawberries in experiments and in vitro were revealed. It was established that in the experimental sample Botrytis cinerea treated with ELF EMF with parameters of 30 Hz, 10 A, 30 minutes, the number of colonies grown after 7 days was 1.8 × 102 CFU, which is 27.5% lower compared to the references. In the experimental sample of Rhizopus stolonifer treated with ELF EMF with parameters of 30 Hz, 10 A, 30 minutes, the number of colonies grown after 7 days was 2 × 102 CFU, which is 26.2% lower compared to the references. An analysis of the data obtained in vitro experiments allows us to conclude that the variant of processing ELF EMF with parameters of 30 Hz, 10 A, 30 minutes most effectively affects the inhibition of the growth rate of the fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer, which cause diseases of strawberry berries.

How to cite
Babakina M., Mihailuta L., Gorlov S., Pershakova T. STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELF EMF PARAMETERS ON THE DYNAMICS OF GROWTH OF THE FUNGAL PATHOGENS BOTRYTIS CINEREA AND RHIZOPUS STOLONIFER, CAUSING THE MICROBIOLOGICAL DAMAGE OF STRAWBERRIES IN VITRO EXPERIMENT [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 296–306. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/22.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-296-306 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Storage of fruits and berries production and grapes

pdf
562 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 664.8.03
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-307-317
Keywords: BIOPREPARATION, APPLES, PRE STORAGE, QUALITY, TECHNOLOGICAL MODE, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

Annotation

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of post-harvest handling biopreparations for storage of apples. Apples are the main fruit crop grown and consumed in Russia. In 2019, farms of all categories collected a record apple crop about 1.7 million tons. The leader in the collection of apples is the Krasnodar territory it accounts for more than 30% of the total harvest. However, about a third of the harvested apples are lost during long-term storage in fruit storages, another quarter are losses after removing apples from long-term storage and their short-term storage in retail conditions. Based on the studies, a technology has been developed for preparing for short-term storage in artificial cooling conditions at retail outlets and public catering enterprises. Technological conditions for preparing apples for short-term storage under conditions in artificial cooling are established. The basis of the developed technology is a method for preparing apples removed from long-term storage (4-6 months), which are treated with working solutions of biopreparations before laying for short-term storage. Are established technological modes and a technological scheme for preparing apples for short-term storage under conditions of freezing is developed. The economic effect of the implementation of the developed technology was calculated, which when storing one ton of apples amounted to 3.5 thousand rubles. the Economic effect was achieved y reducing the amount of losses of apples processed using the developed technology by an average of 10.75 thousand rubles per ton. The application of the developed technology will reduce the loss of apples during storage, reduce the volume of imports, as well as provide consumers with high-quality products, reduce financial and material costs.

How to cite
Kabalina D., Pershakova T., Lisovoy V., Morar V. DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PREPARING APPLES FOR SHORT-TERM STORAGE AND THEIR STORAGE UNDER ARTIFICIAL COOLING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 307–317. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/23.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-307-317 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
445 Кб
8 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 664.8.03
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-318-325
Keywords: ZUCCHINI, TOMATOES, ETHYLENE, MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE, ETHYLENE ABSORBERS

Annotation

The article presents the results of studying the influence of some types of packaging materials used in conjunction with an ethylene absorber on ethylene production intensity of zucchini cv. Alexandria and tomatoes cv. Inkas during storage for 14 days at a temperature of 8 10 and air relative humidity of 903 %. The study was carried out using StePac Xtend bags, creating a modified atmosphere, and Inter Fresh ethylene absorbers (sachets); one sachet for ethylene absorption was placed in Xtend bags. It was found that when stored under these conditions the ethylene concentration in Xtend bags was 80% lower in case of zucchini and 1600 % lower in case of tomatoes than when using traditional bags, even despite the higher initial mass of produce in Xtend bags. In zucchini and tomatoes extracted from bags, the rate of ethylene production was also lower after storage in Xtend bags, than when using traditional bags: 111,1 % lower in case of zucchini and 211,5 % lower in case of tomatoes. Losses associated with microbiological spoilage were not observed during the experiment.

How to cite
Pershakova T., Prichko T., Kupin G., Lisovoy V., Aleshin V. INFLUENCE OF PACKAGING MATERIALS AND ETHYLENE ABSORBER ON VEGETABLES ETHYLENE PRODUCTION INTENSITY DURING STORAGE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 318–325. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/24.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-318-325 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Processing of fruit and berries production and grapes

pdf
718 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 634.11:577.1
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-326-335
Keywords: UNABI, VARIETY, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, CANNED FOODS

Annotation

One of the ways to optimize the people`s nutrition is to increase in the share of fresh fruits in the diet as sources of natural biologically active substances. Promising raw materials with a unique composition of natural antioxidants are unabi fruits. Their quality depends on the chemical composition that determines the taste, nutritional value and therapeutic properties. Therefore, the aim of this research was to study the chemical composition of unabi fruits of 8 varieties and to reveal the possibility their use in the production. According to research carried out the varietal differences and accumulation limits were established: for the content of soluble solids (22,2-28,8 %) and sugars (including glucose, fructose, sucrose) and organic acids (0,4-0,9 %), vitamin C (209,6-386,0 mg/100 g), P-active substances (catechins 22,9-178,0 mg/100 g; leukoantocyans 15,6-36,5 mg/100 g, flavonols 9,2-15,6 mg/100 g), amino acids (181,4-487,1 mg/100 g) and macro-, microelements. Unabi sources varieties with a high content of biologically active substances were identified: according to the content of soluble dry substances and sugars Finik, Ulduz, Arzu; of acids Zogal, Ulduz, Ordubadi; of vitamin C Finik, Temryuk, Zogal; of vitamin P (catechins) Arzu, Ulduz; of leukanthocyanins Li-chiao, Ulduz; of amino acids Temryuk, Zogal, Finik; of mineral substances Zogal, Ulduz. It has been shown that unabi fruits are the sources of essential micronutrients, which allow us to use them in the technology of producing the canned foods with high nutritional qualities and therapeutic properties due to the high content of vitamins, a wide range of amino acids and minerals necessary, that is for good nutrition.

How to cite
Prichko T., Germanova M. ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF UNABI FRUITS AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR USE IN PROCESSING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 326–335. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/25.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-326-335 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
587 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 664.126
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-336-348
Keywords: SUGAR PRODUCTION, YELLOW SUGAR, REFINING, SAFETY INDICATORS

Annotation

Comprehensive processing of raw materials and the rational use of intermediate products are of particular relevance at the present stage of development of the sugar industry. Under conditions of overproduction, the attempts are being made to obtain healthy white sugar with various additives. More promising is the use of yellow sugars semi-products of sugar production for the production of functional products of an enriched composition. Yellow sugars are crystalline sucrose with a residual amount of natural mineral and organic compounds of beets: amino acids, trace elements, organic acids. The objective of this study is to confirm the quality and safety of yellow sugars, to determine the main directions of their rational use. A variant of the refining purification of yellow sugars using yellow sugar as a refining solution has been proposed; rational parameters of the refining process have been established. The mineral composition of yellow sugar was studied using the Drops 104 device. A high content of potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium in the initial yellow sugar was established, which decreases during the process of affinity. In refined yellow sugar, in comparison with a white sugar, the content of mineral components is significantly higher, which confirms the advisability of its use. Yellow sugar safety indicators were determined. It was found that the content of sulfur dioxide, heavy metals and microbiological indicators comply with established standards. Refined sugar has a rich mineral composition; no pathogenic microflora is detected in it. It is proposed to use the refined yellow sugar as an alternative to white one in the production of sugar and flour confectionery, some drinks, canned fruits and to obtain the functional products with the addition of biologically active substances.

How to cite
Kulneva N., Surin P., Nikulina A. ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY AND SAFETY OF YELLOW SUGAR AS THE BASIS FOR THE CREATION OF FUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 336–348. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/26.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-336-348 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
603 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 664.8.037
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-349-362
Keywords: COMPETITIVE POTENTIAL, FUNCTIONAL BAKERY PRODUCTS, FOOD ADDITIVE, COMPETITIVENESS INDICATORS

Annotation

The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the competitive potential of functional bakery products enriched with fruit food additives. Taking into account that in addition to quality, safety, nutritional value and preservation indicators, competitive potential is one of the important indicators for setting up the production of developed food products, the aim of the study is to compare the competitive potential of functional bakery products enriched with fruit food additives ear and Apple. The competitive potential of a functional enriched bakery product was evaluated in comparison with a control UN-enriched bakery product, while the evaluation was carried out on five groups of indicators: functional efficiency; safety; standardization; reliability and patent law. The group of functional efficiency indicators was evaluated by the content of food functional ingredients (PFI) in the product and the range of product functionality. Group of safety indicators for hygienic safety indicators of bakery products. The group of standardization indicators was characterized by the presence of normative and (or) technical documentation. The reliability group was evaluated by the indicator of persistence, namely, the time during which the bakery product retains its freshness. The patent and legal indicator was characterized by the presence of a valid patent of the Russian Federation for the invention, which determines the patent protection and purity of the developed bakery product. It is established that the competitive potential of the developed functional bakery products enriched with food additives ear and Apple is significantly higher in comparison with the competitive potential of the control bakery product city bread, and the competitive potential of the functional bread enriched with the food additive "ear", exceeds the competitive potential of the functional bread enriched with the food additive "Apple", as it is characterized by a higher indicator of functional efficiency.

How to cite
Viktorova E., Shakhrai T., Fedoseeva O., Velikanova E., Kornen N. COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITIVE POTENTIAL FUNCTIONAL BAKERY PRODUCTS ENRICHED WITH FRUIT FOOD ADDITIVES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 349–362. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/27.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-349-362 (request date: 29.03.2024).

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pdf
563 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 15.05.2020
UDC: 663.25
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-363-375
Keywords: QUALITY CONTROL, MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, SPECIFICATIONS, INSTRUCTIONS, REQUIREMENTS, CONSUMER, PROCESSES

Annotation

Quality control at the enterprise is part of the quality management system, which is developed at every large enterprise and it is necessary to ensure the stability of the quality of products or services. The quality management system is a structural diagram of business processes built on the basis of a process model. Quality products must meet the standards and correspond to needs of the consumer. The system should contain the following elements: organization, documents, processes, resources. Organization consists in the fact that the company has a certain group of employees with special knowledge, therefore, there is a differentiation of powers and responsibilities and their relationships. For a correctly formulated quality management system, the manufacturer must create clearly defined requirements: for the finished product the specifications, production processes instructions, and human resources job descriptions. Specifications is an integral part of the technical conditions, in accordance with the standards of the quality management system. Today there is no need to check every unit of products manufactured at the plant. For quality control, it is enough t o configure the system in such a way as to ensure uninterrupted and error-free operation of both equipment and working personnel. The reasons for the poor quality of products or the services are the wrong actions of the company's management and employees. In order to avoid these consequences, it is enough to develop the instructions that allow to achieve high quality products or services, and to implement them. The formal confirmation that the company has really implemented a quality management system and it complies with international standards is a certificate for the management quality system issued by an independent certification government body.

How to cite
Samoylova E., Chemisova L. NEED FOR A QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE TOBACCO ENTERPRISE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 63(3). pp. 363–375. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/03/28.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-3-63-363-375 (request date: 29.03.2024).