Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection
A nutritious, medical and dietary properties of grape berries reveals. The perspective assortment of table grapes for viticulture farm types of the Chechen Republic, including varieties of different ripening time, superior in its resistance to disease, pests and frost is defined. This is zoned grape Karaburnu: Delight, Pleven steady, Liang, Frumoasa alba, Anniversary of the Crane. The percentage parity of the areas occupied by them Is recommended, and also short characteristic of them is resulted.
The importance of cultivation in the Chechen Republic of valuable technical grape varieties with complex resistance to adverse environmental factors, to bring down the cost of manufactured production and allow a conveyor grapes is offered. Grades of grape, such as Podarok Magaracha, Saperavi Severniy, Danko, Rkaciteli, Beliy Onitskanskiy are recommended for cultivation.
Results of three-year researches of agro biological features, introduced at the Kuban, clones of grades of grapes are resulted: Pinot black and white, Chardonnay, Riesling. Differences between them in display of the agrobiological and economic and technological signs which use will allow to raise a genetic resource of the studied grades of grapes are shown.
Resource potential of the agricultural territories
A comprehensive ampeloekological classification of land Northern Black Sea region, which consists of seven taxonomic levels is developed. The criteria for this ampeloekological land classification are quantified key environmental factors (climate, geomorphology, soil), depending on which is determined by the total area suitable for growing grapes, the relevant group of varieties of frost, warmth necessity, force of growth, vigor class stock, and also the method of development territory sets
The agroeconomic estimation of quality of grape plantings for the purpose of definition of quantity indicators of this quality and an establishment of possible efficiency is made at certain organizational and technological level of viticulture, and also provide offers to improve the conditions of plantings, increasing their economic efficiency.
For the first time in the conditions of Southern Dagestan the systems estimate of ampeloecological resources by research of a crop and quality of finished production of the grape plants located in different growing conditions is given.
For the first time in Dagestan, the use of statistical modeling for the integrated treatment depending on the productivity of the vine on the climatic conditions of growth has allowed to quantify the degree of dependence of yield and sugar content as a key indicator of productivity on meteorological conditions of the year.
Construction of plantings, forming of crown
New systems of formation and conducting grape plantings are developed for a zone covered and conditionally covered cultures, consisting that serial conducting bushes among bushes not covered for the winter with highstem a cordon and covered horizontal twisted cordons with twisted inclined stems or on type long-armed unilateral forms on the bottom demountable wire of the lane, providing is provided, annual reception of high crops of grapes at the expense of covered bushes is not dependent on damages of not covered bushes in negative temperatures.
Manage environmental and food safety
Obtaining environmental grapes and wine has raised the problem of protecting plants from diseases, pests and weeds with the emphasis on methods of breeding, agricultural and biological methods, without the complete elimination of chemical methods. In this respect, is necessary to use an integrated system of plant protection, the prohibition of the use of phytochemicals or synthesized drugs, and treatment should be warned. The results of researches of residues of harmful substances in the leaves and wine in biodefense of grape plantings are presented in this article.
Processing of fruit and berries production and grapes
Results on 5 technological methods to extract phenolic compounds and other components from grape berries Fetyaska black: fermentation in the pulp, pre-selection of the wort and fermenting flown down pulp; thermal maceration and the use of exogenous enzyme preparations are presented. Among the studied methods thermal maceration and fermentation flown down pulp are the most effective.
Results of researches on the effect of different varietal and technological factors are resulted in the production of sparkling wines. The advanced technological scheme of production of sparkling wines with the raised sparkling properties is developed and implemented on "Cricova".
The results of a comparative estimation of different technological processing schemes to obtain wine sparkling wines with high foaming properties are presented in the article.
Results of researches on studying of influence of temperature of processing of blends wine materials by a cold, and also durations of their endurance on a cold on physical and chemical indicators and indicators of foamy properties of blends wine materials for sparkling wines are resulted
Results of research of sparkling wines "Cuvee", obtained by secondary fermentation in the different strains of yeast from the National Collection of Microorganisms for the winemaking are presented.
The results of researches on the effect of secondary fermentation using different yeast and some manufacturing operations to the physical and chemical indicators and indicators of foaming properties of sparkling wine and finished products (sparkling wine) are presented.
Economy of fruit growing and viticulture
Evaluating the efficiency of production of table and technical grades of grape is given. The factors that have significant impact on reducing the real production efficiency and reproductive capacity of the subject are identified. The dimensions disparities and imbalances in the reproduction process, the desired level of regulators are defined.