Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection
A method for individual evaluation of the phenotypic and genotypic selection significance of quantitative traits in F1 progeny of a hybrid combination between a seeded and a seedless vine cultivar has been applied. It has been found that this method makes it possible to carry out the objective selection of elite seedlings based on indices and traits, according to the purposes of the selection programme. The rating grades correspond to the formed classes, and the highest or another phenotypic value of the trait can be adopted as optimal, which allows the interpretation of the obtained experimental data in the different selection aspects. Corrected grades and their percentage ratio towards the standard are used for complex agrobiological characterization of plants
Basic principles of selection of plum varieties for adaptive technologies of cultivation and breeding use are presented in the article
Basic parameters defining biological productivity of new sweet cherry varieties are studied. The comparative estimation of degree of its realization depending from climatic factors is given. The donors combining high biological productivity with high degree of its realization, expressed in yield of variety are allocated
Breeding and production of planting material
Comparative evaluation of two methods of apple clonal rootstocks growing is conducted. Modified method of apple clonal rootstocks breeding reducing twice the need in cuttings for foundation of nurse-wood and paying off all costs on its foundation in the first year is offered
Regenerative activity of grapes stocks at stages of klonal microreproduction is studied. The difference between grades on indicators of productive regeneration are established and the most productive ones are revealed
The experimental data of estimation of efficiency of new generation of antibiotics for suppression of bacterial and fungus infection of nutrient mediums and rootstocks explants of series SK at their introduction in culture in vitro are presented. Experimental results of some sterilizers efficiency at introduction in culture in vitro of strawberry and blackberry explants are presented
General agrotechnics (systems, technology)
The results of cuttings grafting of sweet cherries on cherry magolebskaya on height of rootstock trunk 20-50 cm are presented. It is established that this agrarian method reduces volume and projection of krone in 2,5-3 times. The frost-resistance and productivity of garden increases with increase of planting density. Practicability of use of winter desktop grafting for seedlings cultivation of high-density gardens is justified
The estimation of adaptive capacity and main indicators of productivity of sweet cherry and cherry varieties on clonal rootstock VSL-2 is conducted. The possibility of rootstock VSL-2 planting to permanent place with followed different variants of grafting for industrial cultivation of sweet cherry and cherry fruits is revealed
The results of preparations action on the basis of phytohormones on the yield and qualitative parameters of grapes and wine of studied varieties and increasing of their antioxidant activity are presented
Use of growth regulators on seed varieties of grape allowed to increase the number of berries in the bunch, to get full seedless of bunch, and also to increase the yield capacity. In addition, used drugs improved several the process of maturation of shoots
The analysis of well-known seeder for grass seeding between rows of perennial plants is given. The necessity of developing of new working bodies of seeder for grass seeding between rows of vine is justified. The proposed construction allows to retain the moisture in the soil in hot season; to reduce wind and water erosion, and deformation (compaction) of soil by machines; to reduce energy and labor costs, to increase the yield capacity of vine
Quality Management
The chemical composition of special winestocks prepared from perspective types of grapes is studied. The estimation of organoleptic characteristics of the product is gived. The possibility of use of perspective grapes types in technology of special winestocks is established
The data of research of the dynamics of enzymes activity in the process of sherry preparation with using different races of yeasts are presented
Phytosanitary condition of plants
The widespread and high harmfulness of mycoses of strawberry roots are established in the conditions of Krasnodar region. The tolerant varieties to complex of root pathogens are allocated. The effective ways of plants treating before planting are given for control of pathogens of strawberry root rot. The imbalance of ratio of nutrient elements in the leaves is established, that indicates about need of correction of fertilizer system of strawberry plantings, cultivated according to intensive technologies
Economy of fruit growing and viticulture
The functional essence of ecologization of reproduction processes in viticulture is refined. The areas of negative symptoms in ampelocenosis caused by massive use of chemicals are defined. The efficiency of use of developed biotechnologies in the protection of vineyards is empirically proved and justified by calculation