Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection
Laboratory and field data to study different chromosomal forms of apple, used in breeding for resistance to scab and adverse environmental factors are presented.
The results of researches of biochemical indicators of the quality of 18 varieties of apples in summer, fall and winter maturing selection in NCSRIH&V (including 4 control varieties) grown in the Kuban region of Krasnodar area are presented. Varietal features of commodity qualities of fruit on the attractiveness of presentation, size (height, diameter, shape index of fruit), weight, firmness of the pulp are revealed. New varieties of apples with a high content of dry matter, sugars, starch, acids, vitamins (ascorbic acid, P-active substances) and pectin are identified. Indicators firmness of the pulp, levels of starch, acids, characterizing harvest maturity of the fruit established for apples late maturing.
The analysis of morphological signs of inter-varietal hybrids quince is carried out. Interac-tion between genes controlling certain signs is established.
A scheme for the study of genefund of stone fruits on Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station using genetic collections is presented. Data on breeding new varieties and clonal rootstocks for stone fruit with donors selection and significant features identified from the genefund are resulted. The possibility of creating complex donors and prospects for their use in selection of stone fruit are considered.
Results of a complex estimation of 18 grades of a sweet cherry different ecological and geographical origin are resulted, used in selection. The best genotypes on the basic indicators of productivity are allocated. Potential possibilities of productivity grades of sweet cherry are defined, and the main factors influencing their implementation at each stage organogenesis are revealed. Donors of productivity combining high biological productivity with high degree of its implementation, expressed in yield grade are allocated.
Results of researches selection sweet cherry are presented in article. Laws of inheritance of a sign large-fruited and integumentary colouring of fruits are established. Donors and carriers of the basic economic-valuable signs are revealed. Using donors and carriers of valuable signs, applying modern methods of selection at institute a series of new grades of a sweet cherry of intensive gardens meeting modern requirements is created and allowing to create the conveyor of high-quality fruits: early term of maturing: Kavkazskaya, Kavkazskaya uluchshennaya, Sashenka, Utro Kubani; an average: Uzhnaya, Barhatnaya, Solnishko, Rubinovaya Kubani, Dar Izobilia, Demetra; the late: Mak, Alaya.
Using genetic-statistical approaches researches of annual and seasonal dynamics of concentration of biochemical parameters at defeat Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) forms of genus erasus Mill in the system owner-activator-environment are studuied. Studying of structure of variability of biochemical parameters during vegetation of plants has allowed to find genetic-statistical approaches to establish of correlations with immunity, and also to develop the express train-method of an estimation of stability to illness. The observed ecological component of variability of biochemical attributes allows to develop new methods of forecasting of development of infection.
As a result of interspecific hybridization and methods of biotechnology in North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture many forms of genus Cerasus ill. with the original external characteristics is received. The collection immune to Blumeriella jaapii decorative forms is cre-ated. Perspective forms in use for gardening are allocated.
The results of the study variety-rootstocks combinations varieties of plum Russian (Rrunus rossica Erem) and cherry plum with a clonal stock are resulted. The most produc-tive and early appearance of variety-rootstocks combinations such as Globus/ Kuban 86, Kubanskaya kometa/ Kuban 86, Shater/ VVA-1, Globus/ VVA-1, Puteshestvennitcha/ VVA-1 are allo-cated. In the 4-years old trees of these vari-ety-rootstocks combination give a yield of 10-28 tons / ha.
Perspective varieties and hybrids of a plum home having economically valuable traits that are recommended for adaptive technolo-gies of cultivation and selection use are pre-sented in article.
The problem of improving the assortment of peach and nectarine is considered. For culti-vation in the province to do more winter-hardy varieties of peach Pamyat Simirenko, Veteran, Relianse, Lebedev, Ossenniy rum-yanetch, Barhatniy Sezon, and the varieties of nectarine Roseprincess are recommended. A conveyor varieties of peach and nectarin for the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar Re-gion is established.
Results of an estimation of 20 hybrid fami-lies of strawberry on number of berries per bush and average weight of berries are pre-sented in work. Perspective combinations of crossing and perfect forms to the considered signs are revealed.
In the condition of Krasnodar region the chemi-cal composition of 23 varieties of strawberries introduced is studied. Varietal differences on the content of soluble solids, sugars (including glu-cose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (citric, ma-lic), vitamin C, F, free amino acids, aromatic, pectin and minerals are established. Varieties and hybrids that are the sources of the high content of biologically active substances are allocated.
The approach to a method of an estimation of decorative signs of Hibiscus syrian (Hibiscus syriacus L.) is offered. The scale consisting of 15 signs is developed. Each feature is estimated by five-point scale, and then indexed by coefficient value of the trait. The general instructions according to each decorative signs are given.