Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection
The results of evaluation of various plum variety-rootstock combinations cultivated on closely schemes of landing in the conditions of southern gardening are given in the article. The most productive of garden structure (including variety, clonal stock and schemes of landing) for an intensification of plum production are revealed.
The article presents the technical grades and new grape hybrid forms of Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking breeding answered the requirements of the modern market of wine industry and with ecological plasticity.
The results of physiological and biochemical studies frost-resistant of grape varieties are presented in the article in natu-ral and simulated environments. Ranges of variation of the Optima biochemical parameter of frost resistance (in the state of deep and compelled rest), allowed grape varieties such as Crystal, Krasnostop, AZOS, Dostoyniy to survive in extreme winter conditions of Anapa-Taman region, are established in result of study of stress factors influence of winter period on bio-chemical composition of plant organs of highly resistant to low temperatures grape varieties.
Breeding and production of planting material
Full information about the program of orchards nursery development in the south of Russia on 2013-2015 is given.
General agrotechnics (systems, technology)
The article discusses the impact of planting apple trees in the spring (early period and late period) for the harvest of 2-3-year-old trees in an intensive gardens, and the effect of fruit thinning to reduce the yield overload of young apple trees.
The results of evaluation of yield capacity and resistance of sweet cherry varieties on clonal rootstock VSL-2 to stress abiotic and biotic factors are presented. The most effective variety-rootstocks combinations are selected.
Results of studying of different formations, schemes of landings, elements of summer cutting of sweet cherry in the conditions of Stavropol rgion are given. Ffficiency of various structures of sweet cherry plantings is shown.
The results of study of Liberty apple-tree on clonal rootstock at new garden in the agrical and ecological conditions of Stavropol rgion for selection of rootstocks with valuable economical and biological traits for further production use are advanced.
The methods of planning and planting of garden, that considerably reduce the expenditure of hand labour and increase of productivity of processes of making of a garden foundation are worked out.
The research of influence of planting scheme and method of bushes forming on productivity and yield quality of Crystal grapes is advanced. The experiments are conducted under conditions of Low Pridonia in the industrial and intensive orchards created by re-forming of bushes.
The ways for decision of problems of mechanization of viticultures branches are described in the article.
The results of study of plants survival and development of fresh strawberry sprouts and frigo at different planting dates are presented. The meaning of the optimal and critical temperatures for the different stages of strawberry plants development are described.
Construction of plantings, forming of crown
The results of study of efficiency of regulative mthodes of crown lightning and stereo metric parameters of various crowns structure of dwarf apple-tree in the intensive plantations in southern Russia
Mineral nutrition of plants
he achievements of scientists in the field of plant mineral nutrition for long period, as well as the problems are not solved at present, and perspective for their solution in horticulture Russia are presented.
The experimental data of 2011-2012 on influence of chelate foliar fertilization on fructification, quality and pear fruits preserving of Belorusskaya pozdnyaya on a dwarf quince S1 rootstock are presented. Chelate foliar fertilization has made the positive influence on productivity, marketable quality and preserving of pear.
Economy of fruit growing and viticulture
All fruit crops at density of planting of 1666 trees/hectares have a garden recoupment over 8-9 years of fructification and 11-12 years of exploitation. Modernization of cul-tivation technology will allow to reduce a recoupment till 3th years of fructification and to raise the profit in 3 times.
The industry reproductive tendencies are identified. The evaluative analysis of resourcing is conducted. The cumulative effect of factors on the level of resourcing is defined. The basic directions of resourcing increase are proposed.