Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection
The estimation of productivity and fruits quality of the apples elite forms of NCSRIMFG breeding is given. The hybrid forms with high productivity and fruits quality, with the genome of resistance to scab are allocated and recommended for breeding and expansion of the apple regional assortment.
The first principles and approaches to evaluation of generative sweet cherry potential are shown. The method of determination of potential productivity of sweet cherry varieties is offered.
Breeding and production of planting material
In the article the results of the strawberries vegetative reproduction in the two soil-and-climatic zones are given: in the Krasnodar region and Belarus.
The results of study of paraffin mixes, with different concentrations of plant growth regulators using, before stratification of grafted grapes cuttings is given. The most cost-effective and least resource-saving versions are determined.
Physiology and biochemistry of plants
The possibilities and new methodic decisions of determination of general nitrogen in the plant material by means of capillary electrophoresis and classic chemical analysis are considered. The operating systematic approaches providing control samples preparing are discussed.
General agrotechnics (systems, technology)
The results of study of Liberty apple on rootstocks M 9, SK 2, SK 3, SK 7 and M 4 grown in the garden with a low-cost technology are advanced. The features of growth and fruiting are evaluated. For production test in the gardens with high density planting schemes the SK 2 rootstock, with higher fast fruiting, yield, productivity and good fruits quality was selected.
The results of development of technology of vineyard creation using the stratified and hardened grafted cuttings, passing the seedlings cultivation stage in the new plantation are presented in the article.
The approaches to the optimization of buds load of the grapes bushes have a long history. Existing methods become tu improve, and a lot of modern calculative methods also become modified. A new step in the modification of the method to calculate buds load of the grapes bushes is discussed in the article.
The principle of formation and the main content of the minimum necessary system of machines for the mechanization of the main labor-intensive processes of the vineyards cultivation in the Russian Federation is accounted. The names of the most promising and alternative machines and their manufacturers are advanced.
Mineral nutrition of plants
The content of cobalt in the soils of Tersk sands is studied and its influence at mineral nutrition of Kristall grapes is established. Water solution of cobalt at concentrations 1 kg/ga of active beginning together with fertilizers N90, P90, K90 recommended to apply in sands on depth 30 cm to increase productivity, accelerate the recovery root and above-ground systems of plants damaged by frost and the strengthening of development of fruit-bearing shoots.
Quality Management
The comparative evaluation of the chemical composition and the technical indicators of Vasilisa cherry fruits grown in the Krasnodar region and depending on the crown formation is presented. The Fogel and Stop-Leader formations permitting to obtain the fruits with high content of dry matters, sugars and vitamins are allocated.
The results of determination of frozen strawberry quality grown under various soil management systems are presented. It was found out that soil mulching had a negative effect on the content of dry soluble substances, sugars and organic acids of berries. Juice-retention ability of the berries. correlates with the amount of dry soluble substances in them before freezing, and in turn with the soil management. Frozen Honey strawberries grown without mulching had a high juice-retention ability.
Processing of fruit and berries production and grapes
The influence of the fermentation method of grapes must on accumulation of highest alcohols in the cognac winemaking material is shown. The equations of reactions, reflected formation mechanism of a number of volatile compounds are submitted.
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