Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Issue: 42(6)

Date posted: 15.11.16

Total articles: 15

Total authors: 48

Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection

pdf
2052 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.8; 631.527.11; 634.8.032/042; 634.862/864
Keywords: VINE GRAPE, BREEDING, VARIETY, PRE URAL AREA

Annotation

In the article the data on long-term breeding work with vinegrapes carried out in FSBRI "Orenburg ESH&V ARSTIH&N" are presented. Climatic conditions of the Pre-Ural steppe allow us to grow up the grapes of different varieties with high consumer properties and they are unique for a variety's study and grapes breeding. The primary study of a collection of grapes varieties of various ecological-geographical origin during the long period (more than 50 years) has shown that not all introduced varieties can realize completely the biological potential. It has been confirmed the need carrying out of breeding work for creation of the local varieties adapted to conditions of cultivation. An object of research is an ampelographic grapes collection of the Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture. Research were carried out by the standard techniques in wine growing. The thorough study of a genetic collection's forms is a basis for the breeding work that allows you to intensify the creation of adaptive and highly productive varieties. Special attention in a breeding process is spared to indicators of fruits quality and productivity. From a collection of the introduced variety and forms of grapes on a complex of productivite and its components, marketability and biochemical composition under the conditions of the Pre-Urals steppe the varieties of Osoby, Belorozovy, Augustine, Ranniy Magaracha, Tsimlodar, Agathe Donskoy, Kodryanka, Pamyat Dombkovskoy, Alyoshenkin Dar were selected. As a result of breeding work the new grapes varieties for conditions of the Pre-Urals steppe - Aleshenkin Dar, Pamyat Dombkovskoy, Podarok Shatilova (15-03-1) are received. The research conducted by us have shown that grapes of Orenburg ESH&V breeding have a high adaptation ability to conditions of vegetation and resistance to temperature stresses and deficit of moisture.

How to cite
Tikhonova M., Mursalimova G., Nigmatyanova S., Merezhko O., Skripacheva E. BREEDING AND NEW GRAPES VARIETIES OF PRE URAL AREA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 1–12. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/01.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
673 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.11:631.526.321:632.4
Keywords: CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS, APPLE TREE, SCAB, ASSOCIATION OF MICROORGANISMS, STABILITY

Annotation

Adverse weather conditions promote the spreading of phytopathogenic microorganisms that in turn is the reason of thinner of gardens and uterine plantings. For satisfaction of needs for qualitative landing material it is necessary to use the rootstocks with high degree of resistance to an adverse effect of abiotic and biotic factors. The greatest economic danger has such widespread disease as an apple-tree scab. The purpose of work is screening on resistance to V. inaequalis of various rootstock's forms of an apple-tree under natural conditions of a garden for selection the most perspective forms on this sign. The objects of research are 72 rootstock's forms from a genetic collection of an apple-tree of Michurinsk Agricultural University. Microorganisms of Venturia inaequalis (Cocke) of Wint., Alternaria alternate (Fr.) Keissl. and a bacterium from the sort of Pseudo-monas, selected from the sick tissue of plants, were studied under the conditions of clear culture. The assessment of a phytosanitary condition of uterine plantings was carried out according to the standard techniques visually, and also using the microscope methods and by testing for existence of an infection. On the basis of phytosanitary evaluation of clonal rootstocks of apple plantations is revealed an associative type of lesion by microbiota with dominate of Venturia inaegualis (Cocke) Wint. The role in the pathogenesis of microorganisms belonging to the association is established. The stability of a population of clonal apple rootstocks to scab on the natural infectious background of hybrid garden is studied. The genetic differentiation of forms on this trait is revealed. It is shown that over 80% of the genotypes have a minor lesion by scab - to 2 points. Symptoms of lesion are not observed in 5 % of genotypes. These forms we recommended for breeding and production.

How to cite
Papikhin R., Maslova M. STABILITY OF CLONAL APPLE ROOTSTOCKS TO SCAB ON THE NATURAL INFECTIOUS BACKGROUND [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 13–22. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/02.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Breeding and production of planting material

pdf
157 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.8.04
Keywords: GRAPES, SCION, ROOTSTOCK, GRAFTED SEEDLINGS, BIOMETRIC TRAITS, SCION-ROOTSTOCK COMBINATION

Annotation

The scion-rootsock's combination has to have the good compatibility and high regeneration ability and technological efficiency that as a result provides the economic efficiency of plantings. The research on establishment of the reasons of insufficient compatibility of the imparted components has been carried out earlier, have revealed the anomalies in the development of grafting plants. The grafting affinity is the main requirement in the production process of landing grapes material, especially of new deficit varieties of the high biological categories used during creation of nursery scion plants. The research were carried out in the laboratory of a grapes nursery of Institute. The purpose of research is to reveal experimentally the perspective scion-rootsock's combinations with participation of varieties of the rootstocks, included into the State Register of the breeding achievements allowed to use, and also the scion grapes varieties of a trans-species origin of All-Russian SRIV&W of Ya. I. Potapenko breeding. The assessment of influence of a rootstock on extent of accretion of the imparted components is also a task of our research. The study used the rootstock's varieties - Riparia x Rupestris 101-14, Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB, Berlandieri x Riparia SO, Vierul-3 (Corona Negra x Riparia Gloire), Present ( Furcal x (Amur x (Riparia x Cinerea)) and scion variety - Denisovskiy, Stanichny, Fioletivy Ranniy, Baklanovskiy. As a result of the carried out research it is established that next indicators as the exit of the grafted shanks after stratification, the biometric indicators of saplings in a nursery, the condition of root system, the exit of saplings are the indirect traits of compatibility of the grafted components. The most perspective scion-rootsock's combinations for the varieties which are in observation are selected, there are Denisovskiy × PP 101-14, Stanichny, Baklanovskiy, Phyoletovy Ranniy × Viyerul-3. The more powerful root system develops when using a rootstock of PP 101-14.

How to cite
Pavluchenko N., Zimina N., Melnikova S., Kolesnikova O. DRAFTING AFFINITY OF PROMISING GRAPES VARIETIES BREEDED IN ARRIW&V NAMED AFTER Y.I. POTAPENKO WITH ZONED ROOTSTOCK VARIETIES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 23–32. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/03.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

General agrotechnics (systems, technology)

pdf
2054 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.2:631.54 (471.63)
Keywords: PLUM SCION-ROOTSTOCK'S COMBINATIONS TECHNOLOGY OF CULTIVATION, CLONAL ROOTSTOCKS, INTER SOIL AND LEAF TOP DRESSING, SYSTEMS CROWN FORMATION

Annotation

The purpose of research is development of scientific based system of processing methods of plum cultivation with steady big harvest on different rootstocks for intensive technologies that is the important instrument of import substitution; selection of optimal systems of crown formation for the concrete scion-rootstock's combinations that allows you to reduce the labor input of works, this system reduces the costs of harvesting and positively influences on the maximal realization of biological potential of plants. For conditions of the South of Russia the system of effective processing methods of industrial plum production on weak growing and middle growing rootstocks within the implementation of the Doctrine of food security of Russia is developed and approved. In research the rootstocks which are the most demanded in the South of Russia, including the new domestic breeding clonal rootstocks of BS-2 (VIR Krymsk station) and PKG-25-1 (NCRRIH&V) are used. In the course of four years' work the most rational parameters are determined and also the system of crown formation of trees of various growth force providing the optimization of physiological condition of plants. The responsiveness of various scion-rootstock's plum combinations of Stenly on intra soil and leaf top dressing is studied, the scheme of measures for protection of plants against vermins and diseases is offered. Efficiency of the offered system of processing methods is confirmed with increase in productivity of plantings on average for 2,7-4,4%, in comparison with the production technological scheme of plum cultivation accepted in the economy; decrease in prime cost of a unit of production by 2,6-6,7%; decrease in technogenic impact on the soil by 10-15%; receiving considerable additional profit (from 72,4 to 89,9 thousand rubles/hectare); increase in profitability of fruits production (for 7,73-12,9 %).

How to cite
Kuznetsova A., Kovalenko S., Sergeeva N., Sergeev J., Nenko N. TECHNOLOGY OF PLUM CULTIVATION FOR THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 33–47. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/04.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
148 Кб
9 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.2:631.54 (471.63)
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, SLOPES, WATER EROSION, LOW-COST ANTI-EROSION TECHNOLOGY, UNSUPPORTED GARDEN DESIGN

Annotation

The fruit garden reconstruction within old territory organizations does not meet the requirements of soil protection from water erosion. The effects of water erosion of soil when the garden rows orientation along the slope are shown in the article. The aim of this work was the development of measures to remove the water erosion in the orchards on slopes and to create the optimal conditions for growth and fruiting of fruit trees in the Stavropol Region. It is established that at the straight forward trees placement on slopes the intenseve water erosion processes are developed. The low-cost complex of anti-erosion measures when reconstruction of fruit gardens within the boundaries of the old quarters is proposed. The contour system of trees planting without gradient of rows excludes the additional erosion control measures and improves the water regime of the soil in the garden, because all water spreads along the row. The contour system of trees placement can be used in the foothill areas with slopes steep up to 8-10. The roads in the gardens with contour trees placement are under grass and they have a horizontal direction to reduce the water erosion. The cold air flows down into the valley, and it significantly increases in the frost resistance of trees. The main criterion limiting the use of this technology is the steepness of the slope, that hinder to safe operation of agricultural machinery in the contour plantings. The basic parameters of low-cost technology in the fruit gardens without support construction: the use of scab immune apple varieties and variety-rootstock combinations with good earnestly, the dense placing of trees, the space rows are under grass, the processing around trunks using herbicides etc.

How to cite
Ermolenko V., Krasko M., Zaerko T., Efimova I. CONTOUR PLACEMENT OF FRUIT ORCHARDS ON THE SLOPES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 48–56. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/05.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
782 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.1:631.542
Keywords: INTENSIVE GARDEN, SWEET CHERRY, ROOTSTOCK, PRUNING, FORMING SYSTEM

Annotation

The purpose of the carried out research is development of a way of a formation of sweet cherry trees on a high growing rootstock at high density of plants landing (5,0 x 2,0m). Research are carried out under the soil climatic conditions of LLC "Interinvest", of Stavropol Region. Objects of research are the sweet cherry varieties of various ecological-geographical origin: Zemfira, General-skaya, Donetskiy Ugolyok. The results of research allowing to recommend the new system of pruning of sweet cherry trees on strongly growing rootstock are presented in this article. At this system the low-trunk skeleton of crown with vertically growing the same branches is formed. Periodic rejuvenation of these branches will promote the formation in a crown of young flexible branches (5-6 years). It allows you to carry out the harvesting of sweet cherry fruits without garden ladders and it increases in labor productivity. Use of a strongly growing rootstock stimulates the rapid growth of vertically focused branches in a crown of trees, increases in intensity of process of generative buds formation and accelerates the plants introduction in fructification that gives the chance of getting of industrial harvest of sweet cherry fruits for 2-3 year after laying of branches. It is noted that when increase in stressful influences during cultivation (a heat, a drought, hot dry winds, the frosts) the new system of formation of sweet cherry trees on a strongly growing rootstock in the gardens of intensive type increases in resistance of plants to influence of stressful factors of the environment. When forming a harvest of sweet cherry fruits on the vertical highly growing branches during the early-spring periods of vegetation the decrease in harvest loss from frosts, and also from a hail that more damages the horizontal branches of trees is reached.

How to cite
Prichko T., Alehina E., Ermolenko V., Zaerko T., Apolohov F., Usov S., Kostornova O. FORMING OF SWEET CHERRY CROWN IN THE INTENSIVE GARDEN ON THE STRONGLY GROWN ROOTSTOCK [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 57–67. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/06.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
329 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.8 : 631.543
Keywords: GRAPES, SCHEME OF PLANTING, WIDTH OF ROW-SPACINGS, DISTANCE BETWEEN BUSHES, PRODUCTIVITY OF PLANTINGS

Annotation

In the pilot study on vineyards of the Rostov Region it is established that by optimization of the scheme of bushes planting the efficiency of lands use and the efficiency of plantings productivity are increasing. In case of dense landing it is possible to receive the required amount of grapes from the smaller area of plantings. Considering the relevance of a problem of rational use of land resources in the productional process of grapes and insufficient study of influence of the scheme of bushes planting in the perennial plantings, we have set the object is to reveal the optimal scheme and density of bushes planting using the criterions of productivity for increase in efficiency of use of land resources in the wine growing branch. The reliable influence of the different scheme and density of bushes landing to change of efficiency of grapes plantings under the agric and ecological conditions of the Black Sea area of viticulture of the South of Russia is established. The research are carried out on Riesling Rhine vineyards in the stationary two factorial field experiment with a different width of row-spacings and different distance between bushes under the conditions of the increased solar insolation, uneven falling of atmospheric precipitations and their deficit during the main periods of vegetation. Under the abnormal weather conditions the vineyards were put according to the scheme 3,5×1,0 and 3,0×1,5 meters have the greatest efficiency. In these options at the density of planting of 2857 and 2222 bushes on hectare the productivity of grapes was the greatest, on average is 12,25 t/hectare. Receiving the same harvest with other schemes of bushes planting will require to use the bigger land area. It convincingly proves the need of application of the optimized ways of bushes grapes planting for effective use of land resources in the agricultural production.

How to cite
Petrov V., Pavlyukova T., Talash A., Razzhivina J. OPTIMAL SCHEME AND LANDING DENSITY OF GRAPES BUSHES IN THE PLANTINGS OF RIESLING RHINE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 68–77. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/07.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Mineral nutrition of plants

pdf
148 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.1.03; 631.8.022.3; 631.86; 631.541.12; 631.547
Keywords: MIVAL-AGRO, SAMORODOVO, APPLE-TREE, ROOT SYSTEM, GROWTH PROCESSES, DEVELOPMENT, SAPLINGS

Annotation

The article presents the results of study of ecological-physiological aspects of the influence of biological preparations on the growth and development of competitive plant production under the controlled conditions of hothouse with heating. The objects of research: the apple varieties of Grushovka Moskovskaya, Mechtatel'nitsa, Brusnichnoye, Bely Naliv on the rootstock of Ural 56. To carry out of the experiment we use the bio-organic preparations of "Mival-agro" and "Samorodovo". Preparations of new generation make active the processes of plant live ability, increase in productivity, improve the quality of agricultural production, strengthen the protective properties of plants, increase in stability to adverse conditions of cultivation - to sharp differences of temperatures, frosts, late frosts, to a heat and a drought, or opposite, to waterlogged soil and the insufficient sum of active temperatures. The results of the carried out research have shown, that processing by solutions of Mival-agro and Samorodovo renders the essential influence on formation and development of root system. They assist an increase in quantity of additional roots, their lengths and thickness. It is established that processing by studied preparations is effective, in all versions of experience the highest parameters of formation and development of root system on all researched varieties are received. The quality of apple planting material depends on the length of shoots. The treatment of plants by preparations significantly affected the growth and development of aboveground organs of seedlings. A significant difference of plants traits relative to the control is observed in the processing using solution of bio-fertilizers "Samorodovo". We came to the conclusion that the use of new generation preparations of Mival-agro and Samorodovo has a positive influence on the processes of formation and development of the root system, they help to activate the growth process of seedlings of the studied apple varieties grown under the controlled conditions, and it promotes the positive influence on the development and quality of seedlings.

How to cite
Mursalimova G., Merezhko O., Nigmatyanova S., Tikhonova M., Ivanova S. ECOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPLE SEEDLINGS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 78–87. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/08.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
205 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.8.037
Keywords: GRAPES SEEDLINGS, MACRO- AND MICRONUTRIENT FERTILIZERS, SOIL, SURVIVAL OF SEEDLINGS, PRODUCTIVITY

Annotation

The materials and results of use of new complex foreign fertilizer Greene Go 8-16-24+10CaO, not investigated early, for action on grapes plants are presented. The study of this matter is necessary for identification of new opportunities of control of saplings survival on a plantation and productivity of plants. With application of fertilizers it is possible to increase considerably the productivity and terms of operation of the plantings infected with a phylloxera. The purpose of research is to develop the ways of improvement of nutrition conditions in the process of laying of vineyards and their cultivation on chestnut soils in the Naursky District of the Chechen Republic. In an experience the grapes saplings of Rkatseteli which have the increased resistance to a root form of a phylloxera are used. The fertilizer of Greene Go was introduced in the doses from 10 to 30 kg/hectare. The highest survival of grapes saplings has been received in case of introduction of fertilizer in a dose of 15 kg/hectare - on average in three years of 98,6% or higher on 13,1%, than in control and 7,6% above N15P12K12 option. In case of reduction or increasing in a dose of fertilizer the effect considerably decreased. The entering into the soil of Greene Go in the dose of 15 kg/hectare has allowed to increase in intensity of development of grapes plants and their quality. The improvement of the nutritious mode of the soil has affected the productivity of grapes plantings, and for the fourth year of plant vegetation the productivity at the using of fertilizer (15 kg/hectare) was 72,01 c/hectare or above, than without application of fertilizers, on 18,67 c/hectare. We came to the conclusion that on chestnut soils to apply the fertilizer Greene Go 8-16-24+10CaO in a dose of 15 kg d.v./ hectare is the most effectively.

How to cite
Malyh G., Kerimov V. THE EFFECT OF DOSES OF MACRO- AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON SURVIVAL, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPES ON CHESTNUT SOILS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 88–103. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/09.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Phytosanitary condition of plants

pdf
132 Кб
7 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.8 : 631.543
Keywords: GRAPES, SCHEME OF LANDING, PHYTOSANITARY CONDITION, PRODUCTIVITY

Annotation

The degree of defeat of grapes plants by harmful organisms depends on biological features of the cultivated varieties and their adaptive potential and efficiency of protective measures. Under the conditions of Krasnodar Region now there are about 30 harmful organisms capable to destroy more than 10% of a harvest and even to cause the death of bushes. The wine prepared from grapes of the sick bushes is worse on qualitative indexes that the wine materials from grapes of healthy bushes. Our task is to study the influence of the scheme of planting of Riesling grapes bushes on a phytosanitary condition of plantings. Adaptive reaction of plants in case of different schemes of landing was researched. Research is carried out under the agric-ecological conditions of the Black Sea area, the central subband of wine growing of Krasnodar Region (Anapa). The observations of a phytosanitary condition of grapes plants during their vegetation we carried out using a technique of evaluation of varieties resistance to the dominating harmful organisms. In the article the results of studying of a susceptibility of plants to harmful organisms at the different density of landing of Riesling grapes bushes are presented. The steady tendency of spreading and strengthening of intensity of mildew development is established in case of increase in density of bushes planting. The greatest spread and intensity of disease development were observed in the grapes plantings in case of density of bushes planting 2,0 × 1,0 m, the smallest spread - at the landing density of bushes - 3,5 × 2,0 m. It is shown that degree of grapes defeat increases in case of decrease of row-spacings width from 3,5 to 2,0 m and in case of decrease of distance between bushes from 2,0 to 1,0 m, irrespective of row-spacings width.

How to cite
Petrov V., Pavlyukova T., Talash A. INFLUENCE OF SCHEME OF BUSHES PLANTING OF RIESLING GRAPES VARIETY ON PHYTO SANITARY PLANTINGS STATE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 104–110. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/10.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
441 Кб
8 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.8:632.4
Keywords: GRAPEVINE, PHYTO PATHOGENES, BLACK SPOT, MILDEW, DOWNY MILDEW, WEATHER, HARVEST

Annotation

Viability of a phytopathogen extremely depends on conformity of the environmental conditions to requirements of this organism. Variability of weather conditions defines the variety of an ecological situation in which the alive organisms including pathogens live and develop. In this article it is presented the information about change of weather conditions in recent years (2010-2015) in the Rostov Region and about influence of these changes on development and spreading of phytopathogens in the grapes plantings. The research are carried out in the production plantings of the Experimental field of ARRIV&W on a natural background of development of fungal diseases, with participation of grapes varieties various on a susceptibility to diseases. Experimental research was carried out using the standard techniques in wine growing. The assessment of injuriousness and prevalence of harmful objects and their ranging were carried out using the method of A. I. Talash. The results of the phytomonitoring research demonstrate the change of injuriousness of the main phytopathogens depending on weather conditions. When comparing the long-term experimental data on defeat by diseases to indicators for 2010-2015, it is possible to state the reduction of contamination of grapes plants mycoses even in case of reduction of number of protective processings. At the same time the quantity of the reaped crop, and also his quality (sugar content and acidity of berries juice) have been at the level of average annual values. It is shown that the depressive development of phytopathogens during the majority of vegetation phases promotes the increase in a harvest of grapes and improvement of its quality due to the best maturing of berries, and also to reduction of number of processings on vineyards that allow you to reduce the pesticid load and to improve the ecology of an ampelocenosis.

How to cite
Arestova N., Ryabchun I. DEVELOPMENT OF VINE PHYTOPATHOGENES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE ROSTOV REGION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 111–118. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/11.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
198 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.8.047: 632.3/.7
Keywords: GRAPES, DISEASES, PESTS, INVASIVE SPECIES, FEATURE OF DEVELOPMENT, DISTRIBUTION, FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE

Annotation

The article reports the results of multi-year monitoring of zonal peculiarities of development of complex of diseases and pests on grapes plantations of the Crimea under the conditions of climate change, wide introduction of foreign grapevine planting material and significant change of the range of plant protection means. It has been established that the following pests and diseases are wide spread annually in all viticultural zones: downy mildew, powdery mildew, Botrytis cinerea, Lobesia botrana, thrips, Eriophyes vitis; focally develop Schizotetranychus pruni and Tetranychus urticae, Viteus vitifolii, bud pests (Otiorrhynchus spp., Theresia ampelophaga and others); while black rot, black spot, Alternaria spp. and Helicoverpa armigera are characterized by periodic injuriousness. Due to changes in the assortment of insecticides and acaricides applied in the vineyards we can observe the increase in sucking arthropod populations of planting: Eriophyes vitis Pgst., a complex of phytophagous thrips (Thripidae), leaf form of Phylloxera vastatrix. On the other hand, there was a decrease in the spread of spider mites (Tetranychidae). The decline in the level of agric and technical practices applied on industrial vineyards resulted in the tendency to accumulate the bud pests and pests that damage the perennial wood of grapes plants. In recent years the following invasive for the Crimea diseases and pests have progressively developed in the vineyards: Bois noir, leafhoppers (Stictocephala bubalus, Arboridia kakogawana, Scaphoideus titanus). It was found that the following identified aboriginal species of cycads pose have a potential hazard for the stable development of Crimean viticulture: Hyalestes obsoletus Sign., Hyalesthes luteipes Fieb., Reptalus melanochaetus Duf. They are capable to spread the phytoplasma infection.

How to cite
Aleinikova N., Borisenko M., Galkina E., Radionovskaya Y. MODERN TRENDS OF PESTS DEVELOPMENT IN THE AMPELOCENOSES OF CRIMEA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 119–134. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/12.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Storage of fruits and berries production and grapes

pdf
188 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 634.86:631
Keywords: TABLE GRAPES, FOLIAR FERTILIZING, NATURAL LOSSES, OF BUNCH WEIGHT, ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION

Annotation

The purpose of our research was the study of influence of plants processings by preparation of "Mival-Agro" and "Albit TPS" on quality indicators and natural loss of bunch mass of table grapes varieties in the dynamics of post harvest storage. The objects of research were the table grapes varieties of Moldova and Muscat Hamburgskiy. The features of development of grapes plants under the influence of the examined preparation were studied using the standard methods of viticulture research. Impact assessment of foliar fertilizing with "Albit" and "Mival-Agro" preparations on organoleptic characteristics of table grapes and the value of the natural losses of a bunch mass during storage period is given in this article. It has been established as a result of carried out research that the use of growth stimulators of "Albit TPS" and "Mival-Agro" significantly improves the quality of Moldova and Muscat Hamburgskiy grapes varieties. It was shown that the value of the natural losses of a bunch mass of processing table grapes by testing preparations decreases in the process of 90 days storage. At the final stage of storage (after 150 days) under the studied systems of grapes treatments the difference in the values of natural losses was significant only for Muscat Hamburg variety. It is noted that the use of this experimental system of treatments improved the organoleptic properties of both studied grapes varieties. Thus, under treatments with "Mival Agro" the organoleptic qualities of Moldova variety rose up to 8.7 points, Muscat Hamburg variety - up to 8.2 points. Under treatments with "Albit TPS" the organoleptic qualities of Moldova variety rose up to 8.4 points. In addition to the above it is shown that these indicators were preserved over the long-term grapes storage under using of studied preparation.

How to cite
Levchenko S., Boyko V., Vasylyk I. INFLUENCE OF GROWTH STIMULATORS ON COMMODITY QUALITY AND SIZE OF NATURAL MASS LOSSES OF TABLE GRAPES VARIETIES DURING STORAGE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 135–144. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/13.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).

Processing of fruit and berries production and grapes

pdf
157 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 663.252
Keywords: TECHNOLOGY OF SPARKLING WINES, SECONDARY FERMENTATION, FROZEN GRAPE MUST, ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION

Annotation

The main task of modern winemaking is ensuring of high quality and competitiveness of finished products, including also the sparkling wines. Recently there are many various technologies of sparkling wines preparation. However the works in the field of technology of sparkling wines with use of cryoconcentrates are absent. For comparison of quality indicators of sparkling wines as sugar containing components we used instead of sucrose a cryoconcentrate of the processed grapes mash. As a control we used the known bottle method of producing of sparkling wine containing a mix of the processed control blend and liqueur. Process of fermentation and the subsequent processing operations carried out according to the commonly accepted production technology of sparkling wines. The research of quality indicators of sparkling wines received with use of various components containing sugar was carried out in the Scientific "Wine-making" center and in the Center of collective use of NCRRH&V on the high-technology equipment. High nutrition value and organoleptic assessment of the sparkling wines made on the offered technology are shown by the results of analisis. This technology of sparkling wines allowing to replace of sucrose of liqueurs by cryoconcentrates of grapes berry is scientific based, developed and experimentally confirmed. The development and approval of the technological instruction for production of the sparkling wine geographical specifying "Muscat Sevastopol" TI 9172-3116-05431414-2014 is the result of cooperation of specialists of SP "Sevastopol Wine-making Plant" and scientists of "Wine-making" scientific center of NCRRIH&V. The advanced technology was testing and it is implemented on SP "Sevastopol Wine-making Plant" with economic effect of 23880 rubles on 1000 bottles of products of sparkling wine.

How to cite
Burda V., Guguchkina T., Antonenko M., Gaponenko Y. EXPERIENCE OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY FOR SPARKLING WINES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 145–155. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/14.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
168 Кб
9 с.
Date posted: 15.11.2016
UDC: 663.223.1.004.12
Keywords: CARBON DIOXIDE, METHOD, SPARKLING PROPERTIES OF BEVERAGES

Annotation

The main problem of the existing approaches to quantitative expression of sparkling properties of drinks is difficulty of standardization of methods, measurement process duration (the extraction of CO2 from champagne can continue more than a day) and complexity of using devices. In this article the merits and the demerits of the assessment methods and special devices existing earlier for the analysis of sparkling properties of sparkling wines are considered. It is specified that the essence of the existing methods of assessment of wine sparkling properties consists in a research of kinetics of CO2 extraction however it is noted that the offered now methods demand the use of the non-standard equipment and they are difficulty reproduced under the conditions of factory laboratories. In this regard the purpose of research carried out by us was the development of the simplified technique of assessment of wines sparkling properties which could be more widely adopted due using of the standard laboratory equipment. The method offered by us represents the modification of a gravimetric method of definition of carbon dioxide mass concentration. Method consists in continuous measurement of mass of the emitted carbon dioxide during a certain period, with the subsequent analysis of the received speed curves of CO2 extraction. In general, analyzing the experimental data obtained by us, it is possible to draw a conclusion that the main process of "play" of drinks proceeds within the first 13 min. of desorption process. At the same time the results of research show that the high speed of CO2 extraction have the samples of the sparkling wine received from studied grapes of Aligote, and the samples of the wine received from the same grapes variety by chemical saturation.

How to cite
Makarov A., Loutkov I., Peskova I. RESEARCH OF SPARKLING PROPERTIES OF DRINKS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2016. № 42(6). pp. 156–164. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/16/06/15.pdf. (request date: 29.03.2024).