Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Issue: 50(2)

Date posted: 15.03.18

Total articles: 16

Total authors: 42

DOI of issue: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50

Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection

pdf
694 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.1:631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-1-12
Keywords: VARIETY, APPLE-TREE, IMMUNI-TY, SCAB, PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY

Annotation

The purpose of these study is to create the new apple varieties and elite forms of apples of different ploidy with a set of valuable agrobiological features for the formation of ecologically adaptive fruit growing systems. Breeding renovation of the domestic apple assortment will allow to successfully solve the problems of effective import substitution in the gardening industry of the North Caucasus Region of Russia. The objects of research are the apple genotypes of different ploidy and genetic origin. The study were carried out according to the generally accepted programs and methods of breeding and varieties of fruit crops. The article gives a comprehensive assessment of the main agrobiological characteristics of new apple varieties immune to scab and the economic efficiency of their cultivation in the Krasnodar Territory. The early ripening of apple cultivars, the regularity of fruiting, the yield capacity, the resistance of plants to scab, the quality and the standard of fruits have been studied. In the process of studying the genetic potential of apple plants, 2 elite immune forms, created in NCFSCHVW jointly with ARRIFCB, are selected, which surpass the standard varieties according to a set of economic valuable and adaptive significant characteristics. A shot description of the new immune to scab apple elite forms of Exotics and the Rozovy Zakat, the varieties of Amulet and Gin is given. The Amulet and Gin varieties have the high yield capacity (35.0-38.0 t/ha). The indicators of economic efficiency of new varieties cultivation (profit from sale and profitability) are calculated. For industrial cultivation, the most promising varieties of apple trees are selected, such as Amulet, Gin. High indexes of economic efficiency of cultivation of these varieties are due to the most optimal combination of their immunity to scab with a complex and of important economic signs: fast fruiting, the high yield capacity and regularity of fruiting, the high quality and standard of fruits.

How to cite
Ulyanovskaya E., Shadrina Z., Kochyan G. CREATION OF NEW APPLE-TREE VARIETIES AND ELITE FORMS PERSPECTIVE FOR THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 1–12. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/01.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-1-12 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
971 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.2:631.52 (471.63)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-13-23
Keywords: ADAPTABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, SWEET CHERRY VARIETIES, YIELD CAPASITY

Annotation

The main parameters determining the biological productivity of sweet cherry varieties that are promising in the Southern zone of horticulture are studied. The comparative estimation of realization degree of the varieties biological potential is given depending on climatic factors. Potential possibilities of cherry varieties productivity are determined and the main factors influencing their realization are revealed at each stage of plant organogenesis. The main type of sweet cherry fruiting is established on shortened fruit formations (bouquet branches) and annual shoot (single fruit buds). In the predominant quantity (71 %) on the cherry trees, bouquet branches are formed. Dependence of age and productivity of each bouquet branch is shown as the age increases, the number of laid fruiting elements (fruit buds) decreases. The most productive (the maximum number of fruit buds are laid) are bouquet branches of one-two-year-old age. On an annual shoot, an almost equal ratio of fruit (54 %) and growth (46 %) buds was noted. The most productive part of the skeletal branch is revealed it is two-three-year-old fruit wood, the main part (63,6 % of the total number of fruit buds) of the cherry harvest is formed on them. We have distinguished the cherry varieties Alaya, Anons, Volshebnica, Melitopol Black, capable of more even distribution of fruiting elements when they are formed on branches of different ages. It is shown that the productivity of cherry directly depends on the number of laid flowers in each fruit bud. In cherry varieties the number of flowers per tree can reach 5, on average one fruit bud lays 2,3-3,3 flowers. As a result of the carried out research, the donors of productivity, combining the high biological productivity with a high degree of its realization, expressed in the productivity of the variety, were selected.

How to cite
Alehina E., Dolya Y. BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF SWEET-CHERRY VARIETIES IN THE SOUTH GARDENING ZONE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 13–23. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/02.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-13-23 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
668 Кб
8 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 575.11: 634.8.09
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-24-31
Keywords: GRAPEVINE, DNA-MARKERS, DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE, RPV10, RPV3 GENES

Annotation

Downy mildew is the one of the most prevalent diseases of the grapevine. An effective way to control the spread of disease is cultivation of resistant varieties. The European grape V. vinifera is not resistant to mildew practically. Genotypes, carrying the resistance genes, belong to the grape varieties of North America and Asia. So breeding of resistant grape varieties is based on interspecies hybridization. Modern methods of genetics and molecular biology expand the possibilities of ongoing research in this field. Today it is identified about 20 major and minor of resistance loci to P. viticola. Rpv10 and Rpv3 are major loci of resistance. Rpv10, inherited from V. amurensis was first determined F. Schwander et al. It was identified and a DNA-marker GF09-46, closely linked with this locus. Rpv3 gene was first found in the Bianca grapes a complex interspecies hybrids of grapes. It was later determined that the Rpv3 gene has seven haplotypes, and their identification is possible with microsatellite markers UDV305, UDV737. We analyzed the genotypes of selected, elite forms and new inter-species grape varieties of NCFSCHVW breeding by the PCR method using DNA markers linked to the mildew resistance Rpv10 and Rpv3 genes. The separation of the reaction products is carried out by capillary electrophoresis using an automated genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130. The analyzes were carried out in accordance with the potential possibility of identifying the target alleles according to the pedigree of the studied samples. The Rpv3 gene is defined in six hybrid genotypes, Rpv10 gene is defined in one grape hybrid.

How to cite
Ilnitskaya E., Tokmakov S., Makarkina M. DNA MARKER-ASSISTED IDENTIFICATION OF RESISTANCE GENES TO DOWNY MILDEW IN NEW CULTIVARS AND SELECTED GRAPES FORMS BY NCFSCHVW BREEDING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 24–31. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/03.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-24-31 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
923 Кб
8 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.85:631.526.32
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-32-39
Keywords: SEEDLING, ELITE FORM, PRODUCTIVITY, QUALITY OF YIELD, SUPER EARLY RIPENING

Annotation

The creating of new grape table varieties of early ripening with a smart bunch and large berries will solve the problem of increased demand for products of biological value and will accelerate the process of import substitution. This is especially important since it will allow to ensure by fresh grapes of domestic production the market with a deficit of fruits and berries in the early summer period and in the holiday season of residents and guests of the Crimea and other regions of the Russian Federation. The study of promising grape types conducted during the years 2012-2015 allowed us to single out as elite a hybrid form from the seedlings population of Podarok Zaporojya x Livia Magarach PZL-1 with the working title Muskat of Cramea. The article outlines the main ampelographic and bio-economic parameters characterizing this promising new variety.Very early maturity (August 5), production period 110 days. Resistance to frost up to minus 24º. The recommended bush training is a double-arm cordon with trunk height of 80-100 cm. The recommended load on the bush is 24 eyes; load per fruit shoot is 8 eyes. The planting scheme is 3 x 1.5 m. Prophylactic treatment against fungal diseases is required 3-4 times per season. The high frost resistance (up to minus 24ºC) of the elite form of Muscat of Crimea is established in comparison with the control Cardinal grapes. The new variety is characterized by high quality of the crop when it planted on well-lit warm slopes. Cultivation of grapevine cv Muskat of Cramea in the conditions of the Southern coast of the Crimea will allow obtaining 1971.8 thousand rubles net income from a hectare of plantation annually.

How to cite
Likhovskoy V., Volynkin V., Vasylyk I., Poluliakh . MUSKAT OF CRIMEA A PROMISING GRAPE CULTIVAR OF THE INSTITUTE GRCH BREEDING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 32–39. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/04.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-32-39 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
741 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-40-55
Keywords: PREDICTION OF GRAPE HARVEST, VARIETY, QUALITY, COEFFICIENTS OF FRUITAGE, FRUITFULNESS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BUDS, EFFICIENCY

Annotation

The aim of the research is to give a comparative agrobiological and economic assessment to some technical grapes varieties in the conditions of the Krymsk district of Krasnodar Region under the system of bushes forming of the Guyot type. On the basis of studying of the degree of embryonic inflorescence in the wintering buds, the optimal length of the fruit shooters pruning to obtain a higher grapes yield of good quality. The objects of the study were grapes bushes of 6 technical varieties of Western European origin, of which 3 varieties with white berries Riesling, Sauvignon, Chardonnay and 3 varieties with dark berries Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Pinot Noir. In this paper, the prediction of the vine harvest is presented and a comparative agrobiological and economic evaluation of these grape varieties in the foothill zone of viticulture in the South of Russia is given. Important biological indicators of the studied varieties were determined: the coefficients of fruiting, fertility and productivity of the central buds. This allowed to establish the optimal load of bushes with buds and shoots. Higher yields were recorded at the Merlot plot, where it was 6.53 t/ha. In the foothill of the Krasnodar Region, the technical varieties with dark berries have accumulated a higher amount of sugars. The content of titrated acids in a group of varieties with white berries was higher in Chardonnay 10.4 g/dm3. In the group of dark-colored varieties, the content of organic acids did not exceed 6.6 g/dm3. The lower cost price of grapes was found in the varieties of Chardonnay and Merlot, respectively, 15.6 thousand rubles per ton and 14.9 thousand rubles per ton.

How to cite
Matuzok N., Troshin L., Radchevskiy P., Kravchenko R. HARVEST PREDICTION OF TECHNICAL GRAPE VARIE-TIES IN THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF VITICULTURE IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA ON THE BASIS OF FRUITFULNESS STUDYING OF BUDS AND VEGETATIVE SHOOTS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 40–55. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/05.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-40-55 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Breeding and production of planting material

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616 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.2:634.22:632.3
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-56-66
Keywords: PLUM, STONE FRUIT CROPS, SAPLINGS, NURSERY, REVITALIZING MOTH-ER PLANTATION, BACTERIAL CROWN GALL

Annotation

In this paper the results of work on studying and improvement of cultivation technology of landing material of plum and other stone fruit crops, free from bacterial crown gall are presented. The relevance of research is defined by great economic value of bacterial crown gall in the process of stone fruit crops cultivation. rown gall is the bacterial root disease of fruit and berry plants which is appeared in the form of tumors formation on roots and at root neck. Now the active expansion of the decease area is observed. Crown gall causes the greatest damage in the nurseries and at cultivation of trees in the young garden. On the basis of these own research and the analysis of references the system of measures including several stages is developed: the choice and preparation of the plot with carrying out of the bacteriological analysis and agrochemical inspection of the plot's soil, the preparation and sanitation of landing material, the laying of mother plantation, for its the works maintenance, the laying of fields for reproduction, the quarantine. During vegetation it is necessary to carry out monthly expeditious monitoring of phytosanitary condition of uterine plants and annual diagnostics of plants and soils regarding settling of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The period of operation of uterine plantings, free from root cancer not more than 12 years. These methodical approaches are for industrial technologies of nurseries improvement from bacterial cancer of roots, and they establish the general rules to the choice and preparation of the plot for laying of nursery, the ways and methods of maintenance of soils in the nursery, according to requirements to the grown-up landing and uterine material. These rules are intended for specialists of the specialized enterprises, which are engaged in reproduction of landing material for stone fruit crops.

How to cite
Buntsevich L., Winter M., Sherbakov N. IMPROVEMENT OF PLUM NURSERIES AND OTHER STONE FRUIT CROPS FROM BACTERIAL CROWN GALL, MODERN METHODICAL APPROACHES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 56–66. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/06.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-56-66 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Mineral nutrition of plants

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959 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.1:631.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-67-80
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, FERTILIZERS, LEAF DIAGNOSTICS, NUTRITION REGIME, YIELD CAPACITY

Annotation

The study of the nutrition regime of fruit plants by means of the analysis of indicators organs is a traditional method in agrochemistry, aimed at optimizing the methods of fertilizers application. The nature of the research is due to the increase in precision of modern fertilizer application technologies and the improvement of the fruit crop cultivation system. For this reason, we con-tinued the study of the apple nutrition re-gime on the weakly grown rootstock of domestic breeding in connection with the application of various types a nd doses of fertilizers. The problem of optimizing the mineral nutrition of apple trees for SK4 rootstock in a seasonal development cycle was studied in 2014-2017 on an example of Prikubanskoe variety. The experiments were carried out in the central zone of the region (EPF Tsentralnoe, Krasnodar) using standard methods and GOSTs. For the main application to the soil, the organomineral fertilizer "Universal" was applied, annual foliar fertilizing was made with the complex fertilizer "Akvarin" of various types in the spring-summer period. It is established that the reserve in the garden soil of the available compounds of elements against the background of fertilization and top dressing contributed to their more active consumption by plants. The dynamics of changes in the content of macro- and microelements in the apple-tree leaves during the formation of the crop depended on the fertilizers used and the area of tree nutrition. The yield capacity in some years increased by 65,0 % with the scheme of trees planting 4,5 x 0,9 m and 53,2 % with the scheme 4,5 x 1,2 m. The data obtained indicate the sufficient responsiveness of the studied variety-rootstock apple combination for additional mineral nutrition, and the efficiency of this measure is higher in the garden area with a tree den-sity of 4.5 x 0.9 m.

How to cite
Sergeeva N. SEASONAL MODE OF MINERAL FOOD APPLE TREE ON THE ROOTSTOCK SK4 ON THE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 67–80. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/07.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-67-80 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
441 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.7: 631.53
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-81-93
Keywords: GOOSEBERRY, PLANT MATERNITY, GROWTH BIOSTIMULATORS, HUMIC FERTILIZER, HORIZONTAL LAYERS, STANDARTIZATION

Annotation

The most important direction in the nursery farming is the study of the effect of various bioeffective preparation and fertilizers that can influence the rooting and stimulate the metabolism of plants in order to increase their productivity and resistance to stress factors during the growing season. The top dressing of solutions of mineral fertilizers, which ensures the rapid entering of mineral elements into plant tissues and almost complete assimilation by the plant, is the promising field of research. The main goal of all agrotechnical activities carried out in the nursery is to increase in the yield of standard seedlings, that is, the stimulation of the formation of plants of such height and diameter of the stem that meet the industry standards. The statistically significant increase in the average values of the signs was established in the work with improved methods of gooseberry reproduction, with the use of new-generation preparation to control the quality of planting material. The influence of growth biostimulants and humic fertilizers on the efficiency of gooseberry reproduction in the mother nursery by the method of horizontal layers has been studied. The data of the dispersion analysis of gooseberry plant in the process of treatment with preparations showed the significant influence of the variety genotype on the number of shoots per bush, the number and the total length of the roots, the growth of shoots, and the diameter of the stems. A significant contribution to the variability of the year conditions and the variety genotype was observed in the growth of shoots, the number of roots and their total length. With the help of the correlation coefficient, the dependence of the increase in the yield of planting material from five biometric indices is proved: the diameter of the steams, the number of roots, the growth of shoots, the total root length, and the number of shoots per bush. Statistical analysis showed the significant variability in the responsiveness of gooseberry genotypes to drop dressing with various humic fertilizers and growth biostimulators.

How to cite
Hilko L., Shcheglov S. THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH BIOSTIMULATORS AND HUMIC FERTILIZER MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF GOOSEBERRY VARIETIES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 81–93. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/08.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-81-93 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
404 Кб
9 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.8.042:631.811.93:631.95
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-94-102
Keywords: YIELD, VINEYARDS, GROWTH REGULATORS, IRCON, EPIN- EXTRA, SILICON-CONTAINING CHELATED MICROFERTILIZER SILIPLANT, PROFITABILITY

Annotation

The ability of Zircon, Epin-Extra and Siliplant in the tank mixtures with pesticides to improve their absorption and transport to the targets of action makes it possible to improve the safety and economic efficiency of protective measures in the grapes cultivation. These preparations improve the photosynthetic indexes of plants, increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes, activate the expression of genes responsible for the destruction of the active substance of pesticides. The article presents an analysis of experimental data demonstrating the action efficiency of growth regulators of Epin-Extra, Zircon, Siliplant-U and Siliplant-D on various grape varieties. The facts confirming the expediency of their use in tank mixtures with pesticides for increase in their efficiency, improving environmental safety and profitability of grapes production are presented. As a result of numerous and diverse research on the use of Zirkon, Epin-Extra, Siliplant on fruit-bearing grapes plantings, it has been established that their efficiency varies depending on the concentration of the preparation, its quantity and time of treatments, and also on the specific characteristics of grape varieties. The total length of shoots on grape bushes increases in 21,5 % (Karamol variety) f rom a single treatment of Epin-Extra and in 12,7 % (Kishmish Rjzovy variety); when Zircon processed twice, the length of shoots of the grape variety of Codryanka increases in 51 %. Zirkon and Siliplant-U are more effective for shoots ripening. The total positive ef-fect of the studied preparation and microfertilizers is explained by a significant additional harvest of grapes (actual yield increases in 25-30 %) and conditionally net income. In addition, an increase in the yield of high-quality virus-free planting material is provided and the pesticide load in the plantations is reduced.

How to cite
Borisova T. ESTIMATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE AND RATIONALITY OF APPLICATION OF IRCON, EPIN-EXTRA, SILIPLANT-U AND SILIPLANT-D ON VINEYARDS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 94–102. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/09.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-94-102 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Management of soil fertility

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454 Кб
8 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 634.8:632.95:028
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-103-110
Keywords: GRAPES, SOIL, TOXIC RESIDUES, DEGRADATION, BIOFERTILIZER

Annotation

The presence in the soil of aggressive chemicals, under the conditions of a permanent anthropogenic factor, reduces the activity of microbiological activity and biochemical processes. The ability of pesticides to bioaccumulate activates the processes of soil degradation and pesticide's migration in the ecosystem of soil-plant-grapes. The structure change of the upper fertile soil layer, the aggressiveness of toxic chemicals in relation to microbes increases in its degradation. The purpose of this work is to study the mechanisms of biotransformation of the degraded ampelocenoses soil. The objects of research are the industrial grape orchards of the technical grape variety of Cabernet-Sauvignon, the vineyard's soil, the grapes, toxic residues, biofertilizer and the agric ways of the soil matenance in the vineyards. The technogenic load was estimated according to the pollution degree of the ampelocenoses ecosystem (soil-grapes) by toxic elements. The determination of toxic residues was carried out according to generally accepted procedures using chromatographs: gas "Color 500 M", liquid "KNAUER" and atomic absorption spectrophotometer "Kvant-AFA". The biochemical composition of the grape must was determined by the method of capillary electrophoresis using "Kapel-104T" and "Kapel-105". The degree of microbiological efficiency and decomposition of biomass of bio-fertilizer + EM-1 + mezga was determined taking into account to the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil of experimental plots after one-year application of pulp with organic fertilizer. In the process of research, the mechanisms of biotransformation are established, due to soil enrichment with complex biofertilizer, which activates the processes of formation and functioning of soil biocenosis, ensuring the decay of persistent toxic chemicals. The number of actinomycetes increased by 3.0 % and bacteria by 15.5 %, the concentration of toxicants in the soil decreased by 35 % (spring) and by 57 % (autumn). The content of nutrients (organic acids) in the grapes increased from 7 % to 17 %.

How to cite
Vorobyova T., Petrov V. MECHANIZMS OF BIOLOGIC TRANSFORMATION OF AMPELOCENOSES SOIL [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 103–110. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/10.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-103-110 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Quality Management

pdf
689 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 663.223.014.004.12:532.694.1
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-111-122
Keywords: YEAST STRAIN, COLOR CHAR-ACTERISTICS, PHENOLIC SUB-STANCES, TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF SPARKLING WINES, AROMA-FORMING COMPLEX, QUALITY

Annotation

Increased interest in terroir wines determines the relevance of research aimed at studying the influence of technological factors that form the distinctive features of products. The aim of the research was to study the effect of yeast strains the quality of red sparkling wines. Objects of research are the sparkling wines from the Don aboriginal grape variety Tsimlyansky black. The control was the sparkling wine, obtained from the Saperavi grape growing in the same area. This publication presents the results of study of the chemical composition, physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics of sparkling wines obtained from the Tsimlyansky black grapes using the different yeast strains during the primary fermentation stage. It has been revealed that a distinctive feature of sparkling wines from this grape variety is low acidity (average 5.3 g / dm3), as well as a low concentration of phenolic (average 681 mg / dm3) and coloring (average 64 mg / dm3) substances. It is shown that sparkling wines obtained using the yeast of Meganom-3 strain were the most pronounced typical (frothy and sparkling) properties and the most intense color. The use of the Odessa black-SD-13 for primary fermentation promoted the production of sparkling wines with a low concentration of acetic acid and acetaldehyde. This sample was highly appreciated by tasters. An analysis of the obtained results of study showed that the maximum foam volume index depends more on the varietal characteristics than on the yeast strain used for the primary fermentation. A correlation between the maximum foam volume and the mass concentration of polymer forms of phenolic substances is established.

How to cite
Makarov A., Loutkov I., Peskova I., Probegoilova P., Shalimova T., Ylyanzev S. INFLUENCE OF STRAIN OF YEAST CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND QUALITY OF RED SPARKLING WINES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 111–122. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/11.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-111-122 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
917 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 663.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-123-135
Keywords: WINE, WINE STABILIZATION, ELECTRODEALYSIS

Annotation

Research of foreign and domestic scientists show that in 80% of the cases, the breaking of wines hardiness is caused by the formation of crystalline precipitates of the potassium and calcium tartaric salts and it is explained by a violation of wine ionic equilibrium. At present, to achieve a full crystalline stabilization of wine production, it is most effective, perspective and economically advantageous to use an electrodialysis. In connection with this, our goal was to study the influence of electrodialysis treatment the degree of metal cations elimination from wine, and as a result, its stability to crystalline dimness. As objects of research, white the wine materials from muscat types of grapes were used. The processing of the wine material was carried out on an electrodialysis device belonging to the Yubileinaya Winery LLC. With the help of the Stabilab laboratory instrument specially developed for electrodialysis, the coefficient of wine instability (DIT) before the treatment was determined and testing, confirming the stability of the wines after electrodialysis treatment (ISTC 50) was carried out. It has been established by research that the cations of ammonium and calcium are removed to the greatest degree by means of electrodialysis 33,1 % and 26,5 %, respectively. Electrodialysis promotes the removal of 18,6 %-16,8 % of sodium and magnesium cations. The potassium cations are removed in less degree only 2,8 % of their amount in the wine. It was found that the wines tested after the electrodialysis process were stable to crystalline dimness. The results obtained in our study are further planned to be used to create a data bank with the subsequent development of dialysis concentrations of controlled indexes of wine stability.

How to cite
Kashkara C., kashkara G., Guguchkina T. STABILIZATION OF WINE TO CRYSTALLINE DIMNESS BY ELECTRIC DIALYSIS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 123–135. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/12.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-123-135 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Phytosanitary condition of plants

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1184 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 632.4:632.5:634.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-136-147
Keywords: REGULARITIES, STONE FRUIT CROPS, ENTOMO-PATHOSYSTEMS, AGENTS, VERMINS

Annotation

As a result of the research, the most harmful entomo-pato complexes of stone fruit crops were identified, the time of their appearance, the severity, and the nature of the interaction of harmful species, that is necessary for phytosanitary monitoring and understanding of the mechanisms of their structural interactions. There was simultaneous infection of shoots and leaves with powdery mildew and colonization of plum hyphae of Hyaloplerus arundinis F. In the second part of the vegetation in the plantations of cherry and sweet cherry, an entomo-pathocomplex was identified as "Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins. - Myzus cerasi F.". There is a tendency for joint infection of the sweet cherry leaves (Phyllosticta prunicola (Opiz.) and Stephanitis pyri F. with a circle moth, pear bug, phyllostectosis. The tendency to fix the pathocomplexes in the stone fruit orchards is revealed: "cocomicosis-clasterosporium", "leaf curliness-clasterosporium", and it increases the fungal pathogen activity. In cherry trees, the alternaria develops independently as well as in the composition of fungal complexes, in particular with Clasterosporium carpophilum Aderh. There are Alternaria sp., fungi in the sweet cherry fruits, as Fumago vagans Pers in the plum- tree, as well as epiphytic fungi of the genus Fusarium. The development of Cl. Carpophilum are on the leaves affected by milky lustre of all stone fruit crops. Because of the excess of two and more times the norm of precipitation is more common on the fruits of the pathogens complex of stimulants of Monilia fructigena Pers. and Botrytis cinerea Pers. The obtained monitoring data allow to determine the strategy for optimization of the phytosanitary condition of stone fruit plantations and to develop the methodological and practical approaches to manage the production process of stone fruit plantations.

How to cite
Prah S., Mishchenko I. PHYTOSANITARY MONITORING OF ENTOMO-PATHOSYSTEMS AS A REGULATION METHOD OF PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF STONE AGRICAL CENOSES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 136–147. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/13.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-136-147 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
1701 Кб
21 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 632.955: 634.7
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-148-168
Keywords: STRAWBERRY GARDEN, DITILENHUS, HARMFULLNESS, SYMPTOMS OF LOSS, AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Annotation

Ditilenchus, caused by the stem nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci, is a particularly dangerous disease of strawberry in the Southern Region of Russia. The disease is common on industrial plantations, in farmer and subsidiary farms of the region, as well as in the breeding collections of the Maikop experimental station. In the area of activity of the NCFSCHVW, industrial plantations of strawberry are free from ditilenchus for more than thirty years. The purpose of our research is to identify the resistant to the stem nematode of species of agricultural crops provided the production and adaptive potential of strawberry garden. The article presents data on the influence of various plant species strawberry ditilenchus and the identification of resistant crops to stem nematodes. 29 kinds of agricultural crops were studied, an invasion of almost all plant species at a young age was noted, with the exception of soft wheat and tomato and cabbage seedlings. The appearance of symptoms of strawberry defeat is shown no earlier than 4-6 weeks after inoculation. Our obtained results confirm the data of foreign research that the stem nematode is capable to cause significant damage to plant species under the condictions of significant soil contamination, regardless of whether they contribute the reproduction of the corresponding races of ditilenchus. It is established: onion, buckwheat, peas, oats, to a lesser extent solanaceous and umbrella crops (except carrots), were susceptible to stem nematode close to strawberry on both indicators. Pumpkin, alfalfa and red clover are non-tolerant crops, without maintaining the reproduction of the parasite. Wheat, barley, corn, beet, cabbage, carrots, radish have shown the resistance to ditilenchus, and these crops can contribute to increase in the productive and adaptive potential of strawberry.

How to cite
Holod N. REVEALING OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS TOLERANT TO DITILENHUZ, ENSURING THE REALISATION OF PRODUCTIVE AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF STROWBERRY ORCHARDS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 148–168. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/14.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-148-168 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Processing of fruit and berries production and grapes

pdf
420 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 663.263
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-169-179
Keywords: VARIETIES,CLONES, HYBRIDS, BIOPOLYMERS, COMPLEXES, TABLE AND LIQUEUR WINES

Annotation

The aim of the work is to study the complex of biopolymers of new grape varieties and clones in comparison with classical European varieties. White and red table and liqueur wine materials made from different grape varieties, including the varieties of local breeding, clones of interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, were used as research objects. The wine materials made from the classic grape varieties of Cabernet-Sauvignon, Aligote, Chardonnay, Sauvignon white are used as a control. New data on the composition of biopolymers of must, white and red grape wines made from interspecies and intraspecific hybrids of grapes, varieties of local breeding and clones are obtained; the difference in the composition and concentration of biopolymers is shown. It has been established that the complex of biopolymers of hybrid and classical grape varieties differs: in classical varieties, this complex has a protein-phenolic or protein-polysaccharide nature, and hybrid polysaccharide compound predominate in the hybrid varieties. Such differences can occur only at the genetic level in the process of a grape plant development under the influence of a complex of man-made and anthropogenic factors. The influence of grape variety on the structure of biopolymers is shown. In the complex of biopolymers of red grape varieties, the proportion of phenolic compounds increases. At the same time, the complex of biopolymers of classical varieties has protein-phenolic nature, and hybrid varieties have phenol-polysaccharide nature. The greatest concentration of biopolymers was found in the must of grape varieties of Saperavi> Krasnostop Anapsky> Antaris> Krasnostop Azos. The obtained results indicate that the technology of grapes processing has a significant effect the concentration and ratio of components of high molecular compounds in the biopolymers complex. These conclusions are of great importance for the selection of clarifying and stabilizing agents, especially enzyme preparations.

How to cite
Ageeva N., Prakh A., Avanesyants R. STUDY OF BIOPOLYMERS COMPLEX IN THE MUST AND WINEMAKING MATERIALS FROM WHITE AND RED GRAPES VARIERIES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 169–179. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/15.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-169-179 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Publishing of young scientists and postgraduates

pdf
431 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 15.03.2018
UDC: 582.477:635.9 (477.227)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-180-190
Keywords: THUJA, SPECIES, VARIETY, EVALU-ATION, METHODOLOGICAL AP-PROACHES ADAPTABILITY, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

Annotation

The aim of this work was the development of new methodological approaches for the integrated assessment of thuya varieties. A new scale for the estimation of adaptive and decorative features is presented on the example of introduced varieties of the Thuja L. genus. The results of a complex assessment of two species representatives are presented: Thuja occidentalis L. Brabant, Degroots Spire, Malonyana, Mini Smaragd, Brobeck's Tower, Litomysl, Smaragd Variegata; Thuja plicata L. varieties of Zebrina, Atrovirens, Can-Can, Dura. The assessment made it possible to develop an evaluation scale, that includes the signs of adaptability winter hardiness, drought resistance, disease resistance, wind resistance, as well as decorative features crown architecture, crown coloring in summer and winter, needle aroma, maximum decorative period. Each sign was assessed on a 5-point scale, where 1 point is the minimum value, 5 points is the maximum value of the characteristic. When calculating the total mark, each mark obtained for a particular sign was indexed by means of a transfer coefficient of significance (P), the value of which was determined by the duration of each characteristic action. Taking into account the new methodological approaches, in the Southern Region an evaluation scale of the characteristics of introduced thuya varieties is suggested resistance to abiotic and biotic factors of the environment and decorativity, which can be used to estimate the other coniferous plants. The results obtained made it possible to select the groups of thuya varieties: highly decorative (80-95 points) Degroots Spire, Mini Smaragd, Atrovirens, Dura; decorative (65-79 points) Brabant, Can-Can, Smaragd Variegata, Brobeck's Tower, Malonyana. The selected thuya varieties are recommended for landscape gardening in the Krasnodar Territory.

How to cite
Zaremuk R., Hupov R. METHOD OF INTEGRATED VARIETIES ASSESSMENT OF GENUS THUJA L. [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2018. № 50(2). pp. 180–190. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/18/02/16.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2018-2-50-180-190 (request date: 29.03.2024).