Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Issue: 66(6)

Date posted: 16.11.20

Total articles: 29

Total authors: 85

DOI of issue: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66

Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection

pdf
438 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.1:631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-1-14
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, VARIETY, ELITE FORM, BEARING TYPE, PRODUCTIVITY

Annotation

According to the complex of valuable biological characteristics it is evaluated the promising apple varieties of regional and foreign selection with MM 106 rootstock under the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania. The studies were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted and developed by the employees of the selection center of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW programs and methods of breeding and variety study. Objects of research is genotypes of apple-trees of different ploidy and genetic origin. In total, there were 31 cultivars and 1 elite apple form in the study. According to the results of long-term data of ecological variety testing, the varieties with early, middle, late and very late dates of the beginning of the growing season are identified. The apple varieties of Zolotaya Korona, Zolotoy Potok, Interprise, Lyubimoe Dutovoy, Pink Lady, Prikubanskoe, Red Chif, Champion Reno, Florina, Fuji and elite 12/2-20-35 with late flowering and mixed fruiting are selected. It was established that the varieties of Pinova, Carmen, Liberty and elite 12/2-20-35 have annual abundant flowering (4,8-5,0 points) and a higher average yield among the studied varieties up to 38,40-52, 63 t/ha under the condition of North Ossetia-Alania. According to the results of many years research, the apple genotypes promising for breeding and production were identified, there are Lyubimoe Dutovoy and the elite form 12/2-20-35 with a complex of valuable biological characteristics annual plentiful flowering, late flowering, mixed fruiting and high productivity. Ecological variety study of apple genotypes of various genetic origin under the conditions of North OssetiaAlania made it possible to select and recommend the most valuable varieties for use in breeding and production.

How to cite
Atabiyev K., Ulyanovskaya E., Zaseyeva R. BIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF PRODUCTIVITY OF APPLE VARIETIES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTHERN REGION OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 1–14. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/01.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-1-14 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
562 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.10
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-15-27
Keywords: PHENOLOGY, APPLE-TREE, VARIETY, INTRODUCTION, BEGINNING OF VEGETATION, BLOSSOM PERIOD, CLIMATE CONDITIONS, TEMPERATURE REGIME

Annotation

The article shows the complexity of the geomorphological conditions of the territory of the Republic of Daghestan, which makes it necessary to solve the issues of science-based placement of horticulture, taking into account vertical zoning. In the conditions of the South-Eastern foothill subprovinction, observations were made, and regularities of the main phenological phases of development of promising apple varieties of domestic and foreign selection were revealed. According to the results of phenological observations, the average dates of the onset of the main development phases are established. The observed environmental stress factors that do not depend on the variety are included in the average indicators calculation for a number of years, since they reflect the biological characteristics of the variety in certain soil and climatic conditions. Apple varieties were grouped by the dates of the beginning of the blossom vegetation. The first group of varieties has an early start of blossoming on April 14-17 (Majesti, Geneva), the second group April 18-20 (Carmen, Civt-11) and the third group has a blossom period of April 22-24 (Liberty, Idored, Fujii, Golden Delicious, Champion Reno). It is established that in the conditions of the South-Eastern foothill province of Daghestan, the average date of vegetation for apple varieties occurs in the end of the second decade of March. The passage of the terms of phenophases largely depends on the varietal characteristics. Phenological observations have shown that the duration of vegetation of apple varieties depends on the biological characteristics. On average, during the years of observation, the shortest vegetation period was found in the introduced variety of Civt11 221 days, and the longest in the variety of Liberty 239 days, in the varieties of Geneva, Majesti, Carmen, Idored, Champion Reno, Fujii, Golden Delisches the duration of the growing period was from 231 up to 237 days. The average duration of the growing season for all apple varieties was 233 days.

How to cite
Kaziev M., Shakhmirzoev R., Karaev M. FEATURES OF VEGETATION OF INTRODUCED APPLE TREE VARIETIES IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN FOOTHILLS OF DAGHESTAN [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 15–27. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/02.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-15-27 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
474 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634. 511
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-28-38
Keywords: WALNUT PERSIAN, SELECTION, VARIETY STUDY, HYBRID, FAST FRUITING, SUSTAINABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY

Annotation

This paper presents the results of study of new Persian walnut breeding forms created from directed crosses using parental forms, possessing a complex of breeding valuable and promising for production features. In this connection, a comprehensive assessment of new walnut forms to select the best candidates for varieties is relevant area for scientific search. The aim of the research was to carry out a comprehensive assessment of new breeding walnut forms to reveal the best of them, combining in its genotype the complex of important signs for further use in breeding and expansion of the group of promising varieties. It was established according the analysis of the results of a comprehensive assessment that most of the studied hybrid forms of walnut Persian (17-2/1, 17-2/17, 17-2/19, 17-5/17, 17-1/14, 17-2/5, 17-2/17, 17-2/19, 17-5/10, 17-5/17) have a field resistance to the main diseases such as brown spotting and bacteriosis. It is revealed that five perfect walnut forms 17-2/5, 17-2/16, 17-2/19, 17-5/5, 17-5/10 are characterized by a comparative early maturity (the beginning of fruiting at 5-6 years) in combination with high productivity (18.7-19.3 kg/tree or 3.7-3.9 t/hectare) when the planting scheme of 10x5 m. High tasting assessment (4.5 points) and fruit quality of the fruits were the characteristics of hybrid walnut forms of 17-2 /1 and 17-6/10. Hybrid walnut forms were identified by a set of positive signs (17-2/17, 17-2/16, 17-2/19, 17-5/5, 17-6/10), possessing economically valuable and breeding significant traits, these forms of interest for further breeding work and replenishment of fruit crops assortment with walnut Persian varieties of domestic selection.

How to cite
Zaremuk R., Artuhova L., Balapanov I. SELECTIVE EVALUATION OF HYBRID FORMS OF PERSIAN WALNUT [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 28–38. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/03.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-28-38 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
584 Кб
9 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.85
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-39-47
Keywords: VARIETY, MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION METHOD, GRAPES, AGROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES, FALLOPIAN BUSHES

Annotation

This article presents the results of selection of fallopian bushes of the autochthonous Kokur Bely grape variety (100 bushes) according to 11 agrobiological features in the pre-cases of the initial group of plants (about 500 pieces) by the multi-criteria optimization method. When conducting clone breeding, the crucial points are the methods of selecting protoclons, the timing of testing and checking the stability of their properties in the offspring. The duration and complexity of clone breeding dictates the need to find new methodological approaches to increase in the efficiency and speed up the selection of grape plants. The essence of the method in relation to clone selection is to conduct a comparative assessment of the studied grape bushes by a set of agrobiological indicators, which represent a set of evaluation criterions by converting units of measurement to a dimensionless form using the normalization operation. This method was previously tested on populations of Citronny Magaracha, Gars Levelu and Saperavi grape varieties, which is reflected in the publications. The research was conducted at the production plot of the Kokur Bely grape variety (No. 361, AZOS-1 formation, 3×1.25 planting scheme) in the Alushta branch of the State Unitary Enterprise of the Krimean Republic Massandra PJSC. For further clone breeding, 100 bushes with the lowest function indicators were selected, with a range of values ranging from 3,847 to 6,277. The multi-criteria optimization method can be used for processing data collected during the study of grape variety populations and allows us to select the optimal protoclons for a complex of economic and biological characteristics, converting various units of measurement into dimensionless values. In the end, the application of this method allows you to objectively evaluate each bush, and then, when selecting and implementing clones in production, increase in the profitability of the grape-wine industry.

How to cite
Studennikova N., Kotolovets Z. APPLICATION OF THE MULTI-CRITERIA OPTIMIZATION METHOD WHEN CONDUCTING A CLONE BREEDING OF KOKUR BELY GRAPE VARIETY [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 39–47. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/04.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-39-47 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
548 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8: 631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-48-58
Keywords: GRAPES, VARIETY, AGROBIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, UVOLOGICAL ESTIMATION

Annotation

This paper presents the results of agrobiological and uvological assessment of new grape varieties of breeding in Germany and Russia cultivated under the agro-ecological conditions of the Western Ciscaucasia. The studies were carried out using modern field research methods for viticulture in atypical weather c onditions in 2019. As an object of research, a grape variety of German origin Monarch and a domestic hybrid Gift of Dmitry, were used. These technical forms were selected for research as they are characterized by high biological indicators, and give a good harvest of grape berries even in adverse years for their cultivation. Also they have signs of resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors typical for the unstable and stressful climate of the Western Ciscaucasia. Under the unstable weather conditions of 2019, in the Black Sea zone, according to the main indicators of productivity, an agrobiological and uvological assessment of the introduced German Monarch variety and the domestic promising hybrid Dmitriy Podarok was carried out against the background of control of the domestic Saperavi Severny grape variety. The results of assessment carried out by us showed that the studied objects indicated high agrobiological indexes under stressful climatic conditions of Western Siscaucasia zone. For the same conditions, a uvological assessment of the bunches of the studied forms was carried out. The data obtained by us in the process of these research should be considered as preliminary data in relation to the atypical agroecological conditions of 2019. To get the deeper and well based conclusions, research in this field will be continued.

How to cite
Dergachev D., Larkina M., Petrov V., Pankin M., Zhiku D., Marmorshtein A., Mitrofanova E. AGRIBIOLOGICAL AND UOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW GRAPE VARIETIES OF GERMANY AND RUSSIA BREEDING UNDER THE AGROECOLOGY CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN SISCAUCASIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 48–58. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/05.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-48-58 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
458 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8.09: 634.852
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-59-70
Keywords: GRAPEVINE, HYBRID FORMS, PRODUCTIVITY, DISPERSION ANALYSIS

Annotation

Western European varieties dominate in the vineyards of Southern Russia. It is also known that zone-oriented assortments are one of the most effective biological methods for managing the production process of grapes. Grape varieties and clones are the most adapted and more fully realize their potential under the agro-climatic conditions where they were created. For this reason, it is necessary to include local selection varieties in the domestic assortment. The article presents the results of three years research on agrobiological assessment and identification of the most promising new hybrid genotypes of NCFSCHVW breeding for the AnapaTaman viticulture zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Hybrid forms of grapes with uncolored berries were studied: Tana 19 (Zala Dandy × Beisug), Tana 72 (Seyve Villard 12-309 × Muscat Kuban), Tana 73 (Muscat Kuban × Vertesh Chilaga), Tana 74 (Seyve Villard 12-309 × Muscat Kuban ), Tana 82 (Madeleine Angevine × Villard Blanc), Tana 90 (Zala Dandy × Beisug), Tana 92 (Zala Dandy × Mtsvane), growing on the Anapa ampelographic collection. The classic Rhine Riesling grape variety was used as control. Agrobiological accountings were carried out according to the method of M.A. Lazarevsky. To assess the influence of the genotype of hybrid forms and the growing year conditions on the considered characteristics, a dispersion analysis was used. As a result of the study of grape hybrid forms, the genotypes with the most realized potential were identified under the conditions of Anapa-Taman viticulture zone. The forms of Tana 19 and Tana 92 differed in the highest productivity. The statistically significant influence of the genotype on the expression of this trait was shown. Lower than the control bushes Rhine Riesling, the yield was noted in the grape forms of Tana 74, Tana 72, Tana 90.

How to cite
Ilnitskaya E., Pyata E., Shcheglov S., Marmorshtein A. AGROBIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF NEW TECHNICAL FORMS OF GRAPEVINES IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANAPO-TAMAN ZONE OF CULTIVATION [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 59–70. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/06.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-59-70 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
570 Кб
12 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8.06
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-71-82
Keywords: GRAPES, VARIETY, PHENOLOGY, AGRO-BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT, SUGAR ACCUMULATION, YIELD CAPACITY

Annotation

The purpose of this research is to identify the dynamics of yield capacity and sugar accumulation of technical red grape varieties of AZES breeding. This article reflects some results of long-term research work. Due to the existing lack of technical varieties in the modern grape assortment, it is very important to pay attention to the creation, cultivation and study of new technical grape varieties. These varieties should be distinguished by high product quality and sugar accumulation level, along with adaptability to biotic and abiotic stressors of the environment. These varieties are necessary for obtaining an original wine products. The study of the dynamics of yield and sugar accumulation among the zoned new technical red grape varieties allows us to identify the promising varieties for the production orchards of the Anapa-Taman zone. Phenological and agrobiological accounting was carried out by us according to traditional generally accepted methods. When harvesting, the bunches were weighed on the bushes of all studied varieties. The harvest period was determined using the organoleptic method and trial analyses. The mass concentration of sugars in berry juice was determined by a field refractometer, and the acidity in laboratory conditions by titration. As a result of the study of agrobiological and biochemical characteristics of red technical grape varieties with a medium-late maturation period, a number of features were revealed. The grape varieties of Dionysus and Pamyaty Zotkinoi are distinguished from the other studied varieties by high fruiting coefficients (1.3 for both) and fruitfulness (1.5 and 1.4 respectively). According to the average yield of berries from the bush the varieties of Pamyaty Zotkinoi (11 kg from the bush) and Gordy (K-II-17-1) (12 kg). The varieties of Dionysus, Mercuriy and Gordy (K-II-17-1) have the largest bunches. These varieties will be studied in the future on their economically valuable, breeding, agrobiological, phonological and technological characteristics in order to identify the dynamics of yield and sugar accumulation, as they are promising for the production viticulture.

How to cite
Gorbunov I. DYNAMICS OF YIELD CAPACITY AND SUGAR ACCUMULATION OF TECHNICAL GRAPE VARIETIES OF ANAPA ZONAL EXPERIMENTAL STATION OF VITICULTURE AND WINEMAKING BREEDING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 71–82. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/07.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-71-82 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
614 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.85:631.524.022/85
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-83-97
Keywords: GRAPES, VARIETY, AMPELOGRAPHY, WINE, WINEMAKING, PRODUCTIVITY, FROST-RESISTANT

Annotation

The purpose of this research, to characterize the red technical grape variety of complex interspecific cross Maréchal Foch, French selection in the process of variety research and evaluation of agrobiological, uvological, economically valuable traits and properties. Variety`s studies were carried out in 2017-2019 at the experimental vineyard of the experimental field of All-Russian Research Institute named after Ya.I. Potapenko for Viticulture and Winemaking. The results of the wine assessment are given for two years of research 2018 and 2019. Vineyards are non-irrigated, non-covering, grafted, Kober 5BB rootstock, 3 x 0.5 m planting scheme, two-shouldered cordon forming. The Maréchal Foch grape variety, in terms of the combination of positive parameters (disease resistance, high winter hardiness, frost resistance, high sugar accumulation ability, quality of wine-material) is of great interest for industrial viticulture in a non-covering grafted culture with a minimal amount treatments for diseases. This variety can also recommend for use in further breeding as a origin of the required qualities. According to preliminary studies, the wines from this grape variety should not be kept for a long time, since they reach the optimal quality in the first year of life. One of the positive wine aspects is the rapid (during the year) formation of full bodied aromatic properties and taste characteristics (ripening and lightening). It reduces to a minimum the amount of gluing materials, and in most cases it is enough to limit oneself only to filtration, which allows us to achieve wine readiness for implementation in shorter periods. It is likely that the wines from Maréchal Foch grapes will be relevant and in demand as the red natural local standard wine of every day.

How to cite
Krasokhina S., Matveeva N. INTRODUCED GRAPE VARIETY MARÉCHAL FOCH IN THE CONDITIONS IN THE LOWER PRIDONYE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 83–97. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/08.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-83-97 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
956 Кб
25 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 631.432:634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-98-122
Keywords: GRAPES, ZONING, SANDY SOILS, TERROIR, MICROZONES OF VITICULTURE, EDAPHIC CONDITIONS

Annotation

The purpose of this research is to study the edaphic conditions of one of the viticultural zones of the Rostov Region "Donetsk-Kundryuchenskiy sandy massiv" and substantiate the allocation of terroirs on it. Research on the differentiation of viticultural zones, the allocation of terroirs and the study of their environmental conditions create the basis for the entry of our country into the already existing developed European system for the formation of wine names by place of origin and the reflection of their quality in the name of wines. The research was carried out using the key plot method. As a key plot selected vineyards Nizhnekundryuchenskiy Department of All-Russia Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya. I. Potapenko. Sandy lands have a significant variety and a plenty of original properties, both positive and negative. The grape plant, due to its high plasticity, grows well on sandy lands, and in an own-root culture. Experience of viticulture on the sands shows that it is successful only when taking into account the characteristics of sandy land. The article presents the results of a study of the geological, hydrogeological and soil conditions of the first terrace of the Seversky Donets, where the vineyards are located. About one and a half hundred elementary soil areas were examined. All their diversity was reduced to five types of soil conditions. The main criterion f or grouping was the reaction of grape plants. Strong differences in conditions on different plots are the basis for assigning them to different terroirs. In viticulture, the concept of terroirs closely resonates the concept of precision farming. The differences in growing conditions require adjustment of elements of grape growing technology at all stages of the production process. Four selected terroirs on the autochthonous variety Sibirkovy have experience in studying the influence of growing conditions on the quality of wine. The article also shows the methodological approaches and experience in zoning of viticultural lands abroad and in other regions of Russia.

How to cite
Naumenko V., Lopatkina E. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VITICULTURAL ZONE DONETSK-KUNDRYUCHENSKIY SANDY MASSIV AND TERROIRS ON IT [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 98–122. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/09.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-98-122 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Resource potential of the agricultural territories

pdf
1139 Кб
26 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8 : 631.54
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-123-148
Keywords: GRAPES, PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION, CLIMATE CHANGE, AMPELOCENOSES STABILITY

Annotation

Based on exhaustive research, it is proposed the methods for efficient stability control of ampelocenosis under the conditions of anthropogenic intensification of production, and weather anomalies. The studies were performed under the agroecological conditions of acute shortage of rainfall, and high solar insolation and air temperature of moderately continental climate of the South of Russia in the industrial plantations with the most wide-spread grape varieties using the modern field and laboratory methods. For sustainable viticulture in the Krasnodar Region 5 agro- ecological zones and 47 sub-areas are allocated using digital soil maps, maps of isotherms and isohyets. Each subzone is characterized by the uniformity of the site soil, temperature and rainfall and is the basis for the formation of the terroir and quality winemaking as well as for optimization of zonally oriented assortment and technologies. It is proposed the optimized scheme and the planting density of vines, their load by shoots using as a model the Rhine Riesling variety; regime of plant top dressing with minerals in combination with biologically active components, including saline soils. The biological and technology of reversibility of degradation changes in the ampelocenoses soil based on the energy biomaterial is grounded. The methods of stability control of own-rooted vineyards to the quarantine vermin phylloxera root using the physiologically active substances. The positive influence of the proposed methods for the efficient use of renewable natural resources (light, heat, water, food) in the vine production process is revealed. The increase in the level of implementation capacities of economic productivity and improving the quality of grapes and vine production is noted. The applying of the proposed methods i ncreased in production, agro-ecological and edaphic stability of ampelocenoses.

How to cite
Petrov V., Aleynikova G., Pankin M., Russo D., Krasilnikov A., Valeeva Z., Lukyanov A., Kazahmedov R. SUSTAINABILITY CONTROL OF AMPELOCENOSES UNDER CONDITIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC INTENSIFICATION OF PRODUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGES IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 123–148. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/10.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-123-148 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
714 Кб
19 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8:551.582:54.06:002.55
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-149-167
Keywords: GRAPES, AGROECOLOGICAL FACTORS, GEOINFORMATIONAL DATABASE, NATURAL AND CLIMATIC ZONES, MAJOR AND SECONDARY GRAPE METABOLITES

Annotation

For the most comprehensive study of the influence of agroecological factors on the quality of grapes, the research area covers Steppe, Pedmont and the South Coast zones of the Crimean Peninsula. At the same time, the spatial variation of agroecological factors under the influence of the terrain, hydrological features of the territory and the heterogeneity of the surface background was taken into account. The developed geoinformational database contains information on the location of more than 70 control vineyards, the qualitative characteristics of the crop yield obtained in 2001-2019 and the agroecological conditions of the area. It contains the information about the morphometric features of the terrain and climatic resources of the territory under study. To assess the formation of complexes of major and secondary grape metabolites, the information on the qualitative composition and quantitative content of mono- and oligo- carbohydrates, organic acids, phenolic substances, aroma producing components and their ratios in berries is included in the database. Basing on the data collected, by non-linear interpolation of long-term observations at Crimean meteorological stations using methods of geoinformational and mathematical modeling, the climatic indicators for each point of the Crimean Peninsula were calculated. It allowed to characterize accurately the climatic conditions in each vineyard with prospects to contribute to a more accurate identification of patterns between the characteristics of the grape growing area and parameters of crop quality. The geoinformational database developed is a powerful tool to study the relationship between agroecological factors and the formation of the major and secondary grape metabolites, determining the quality parameters of products of viticulture and winemaking. It will allow using, when analyzing the correlation between the qualitative indicators of grapes and climate parameters, not the data of the nearest meteorological station, as in other similar studies, but the values specified on the basis of geoinformational modeling. This will contribute to a more accurate identification of the nature and degree of the analyzed dependencies.

How to cite
Ribalko E., Ostroukhova E., Baranova N., Peskova I., Borisova V. DEVELOPMENT OF GEOINFORMATIONAL DATABASE TO STUDY THE VARIABILITY OF MAJOR AND SECONDARY GRAPE METABOLITES IN CONNECTION WITH SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGROECOLOGICAL RESOURCES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 149–167. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/11.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-149-167 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
677 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.21:551.58.056 (470.64)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-168-183
Keywords: APRICOT, CLIMATE CHANGE, MATHEMATICAL SUBSTANTIATION, INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE FACTORS THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY OF APRICOT-TREE

Annotation

The development of fruit growing at the present stage largely depends on the degree of consideration of ecological and climatic conditions in the process of fruit plants cultivation. The success of the cultivation of fruit crops, including apricots, is mainly influenced by climatic and, first of all, meteorological conditions of the winter-spring period. The analysis of the state of land, natural resources, agrometeorological conditions in relation to a particular culture, taking into account a large number of factors in their relationship and influence is carried out. According to long-term data, in April in the Foothill zone of the KBR, negative temperatures are often observed, especially in the last 10 years. During the period of growth and development of plants (May - early June) and active growth of shoots (June), high temperatures and insufficient moisture supply are stressful, the amplitude of fluctuations in recent years has shown a growing trend. Abnormal temperature jumps, Both in the positive direction and in the negative direction, increase over the years (periods of abnormal weather increase). Apricot is considered the most drought-resistant crop and grows successfully in the zone of unstable moisture and can be cultivated without irrigation. It is noted that excess water in the soil is also harmful to fruit plants, as well as its lack. It has been established that excess moisture in the soil has a more negative effect on plant development than lack of moisture. A systematic analysis of the biological characteristics of apricot and other characteristics (especially yield) with the requirements for environmental conditions and the realities of emerging agrometeorological conditions are shown in this paper by fragments of the matrix correlation.

How to cite
Ahmatova Z., Tebuev K., Cardanov A., Khuseinaeva Z. THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CHANGES (30 YEARS) AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS THE APRICOT GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND CROP FORMATION IN THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF KABARDINO-BALKAR REPUBLIC [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 168–183. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/12.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-168-183 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Breeding and production of planting material

pdf
608 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8 : 57.085.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-184-197
Keywords: GRAPEVINE, IN VITRO, FRUCTOSE, RHIZOGENESIS, SHOOT GROWTH, PLANT'S CONSERVATION

Annotation

The article considers the question of fructose supplementation into the nutrient medium instead of sucrose. The positive effect of fructose on clonal micro-propagation of plants is known, but we have not faced any data on grapevine cultivation. During the study there was no death of plants from infection due to preliminary recovery of plants with the help of the antibiotic Cefotaxime. The maximum survival rate of micro-plants was observed at fructose concentrations of 5.0-20.0 g/l. At a concentration of 40.0 g/l, the survival rate decreased to 23.4 % compared to the control. A sharp decrease in rooting was noted when 60.0 g/l of fructose was introduced into the nutrient medium. Effect of fructose on rhizogenesis depends on the concentrationand can stimulate or inhibit this process. The length of the rhizogenic zone at fructose concentrations of 5,0 and 10,0 g/l was in 0,7-0,8 times less than in the control. The longest rhizogenic zone was observed at a concentration of 20.0 g/l. On the 210th day of cultivation, it exceeded the control variant by 1.2-1.6 times. At a concentration of 40.0 g /l, the length of the rhizogenic zone was at the control level and even slightly exceeded its parameters. A sharp decrease in rhizogenesis occurred when fructose was introduced into the nutrient medium in the amount of 60.0 g/l. The strongest inhibition of the shoot growth rate was observed at concentrations of 40.0-60.0 g/l. A slight decrease in the growth rate was observed at concentrations of 5.0-20.0 g/l. The best conservation of plants during 7 months of cultivation was revealed in the medium with sucrose (control) and in the variant with a minimum concentration of fructose 5.0 g/l, 60.0 % of plants were preserved at fructose concentrations of 10.0 and 20.0 g/l. The safety of the variants with a fructose content of 40 %, especially 60.0 g/l, has sharply decreased, which indicates that such a quantity of carbohydrate in the nutrient medium is toxic to plants. A slowdown in growth processes that is necessary to create a collection of the gene pool of grapes in vitro was revealed.

How to cite
Dorochenko N., Puzirnova V. THE IMPACT OF FRUCTOSE THE GROWTH AND STORAGE OF GRAPEVINE COLLECTION IN THE IN VITRO [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 184–197. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/13.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-184-197 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
608 Кб
10 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634:8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-198-207
Keywords: SAPLINGS, GRAPES, MICROORGANISMS, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT STIMULATION

Annotation

The article present the results of studies on the growth stimulating effect of the Chaetomium sp. on fungi the survival and development of grape sapling. In the study of a possible growthstimulating effect of p. Chaetomium sp is found that the survival of all grape varieties under study in the experiment exceeded the control variant. The best indicator is in the Dostoyny variety. The growth and development of saplings was better in the variant with the use of microorganisms. The average shoot length of the Kubanets grape variety in the experimental variants of 1 and 2 (100 ml/m2 and 200 ml/m2 of preparation) exceeded the control by 15.1 and 13.3 cm, respectively. In the Gordy variety, the difference between the control variant and the variants with the use of microorganisms was 12.8 and 16.5 cm. The smallest difference between these variants of experiment on the average growth length of shoots was noted in the Dostoyny variety. The study of the growth characteristics of the sapling root system in the variants with the introduction of preparation based on the fungus of the p. Chaetomium sp. showed that statistically significantly increases the total number of roots in the Dostoyny variety. In the Kubanets variety, a significant difference was noted only between option 1 and control. The Gordy variety on this index did not have a significant difference in the experimental options. The output of saplings that meet the quality standard, in variants using the preparation based on p. Chaetomium sp. microorganisms, compared with the control variant, the Dostoyny and Kubanets varieties were the largest, which in the industrial technology for the production of grafted saplings will have a significant economical effect. In terms of indicators, the most responsive to the use of the studied preparation were the varieties of Kubanets and Dostoyny.

How to cite
Lukyanova A., Puchkov V. STUDY OF THE GROWTHSTIMULATING AFFECT OF P. CHAETOMIUM SP. THE SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF GRAPE SAPLING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 198–207. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/14.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-198-207 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
614 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8.044 : 631.95
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-208-221
Keywords: GRAPES, BOTRYTIS CINEREA, STRATIFICATION, SATURATION OF GRAFTS, CALLUS FORMATION, YIELD OF SAPLINGS, DISINFECTION

Annotation

Grape plants are damaged by numerous vermins, viral, bacterial and fungal diseases. They often suffer from adverse soil and weather conditions. The annual loss of the grape harvest is about 30 %, and in case of untimely or poor-quality protective measures, the loss reach more than 50 %. Grape diseases are divided into infectious and noninfectious. Of infectious diseases, the most harmful are mildew, oidium, anthracnose, gray and white rot. The main way to combat the infectious plant diseases is traditionally use of chemicals. The use of fungicides, insecticides and similar artificial preparations is a deterioration of the environmental situation, a violation of the natural balance, and an increase in content of harmful substances in the production of grape seedlings. The experiments are carried out and as a result of which we can conclude that the use of some temperature regimes and saturation of vaccinations with macro- and microfertilizers can be successfully used to combat conidia of gray rot. These results of studies prove the effectiveness of the combined use of Albit in a concentration of 0,2 % at a temperature of 45-50 ºC for 10 minutes. This exposure allows you to free the grape plants from gray rot. The yield of affected seedlings is 0,2 %, while in the control when treated with quinosol, the number of seedlings with visible gray rot lesions was 28 %. To find a way to get rid of the gray rot of grape grafts during stratification under the conditions of stressful high temperatures, while saturating them with macro- and microelements is an actual task of this area of research.

How to cite
Malyh G., Avdeenko I., Seghet O. NEW METHOD OF GRAFTED GRAPES DESINFECTION FROM BOTRYTIS CINEREA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 208–221. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/15.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-208-221 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Physiology and biochemistry of plants

pdf
502 Кб
15 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8:681
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-222-236
Keywords: GRAPES, VARIETY, ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC OF ORIGIN, SUSTAINABILITY, LOW TEMPERATURE STRESS

Annotation

The article presents the results of studies of physiological and biochemical changes occurring in the tissues of grape shoots under the natural weather and climatic conditions of winter 2020. Taking into account the developing import substitution policy in Russia, the relevance of these studies is confirmed by the need to form a grape assortment adapted to modern conditions of changing climate. In this case, the ecological and geographical origin of the variety is of great importance. Varietal differences in the formation of grape plant responses to the conditions of a changing climate, which are closely related to ecological and geographical origin of plants were revealed. It was found that in all the studied grape varieties, the nature of the dynamics of the starch content, which is the main reserve substance in the winter period, is an important factor for plant adaptation to winter conditions. Maximum starch content was found in the varieties of Dostoyny and Kristall (1.25-1.26 mg / g dry substance), which indicates their increased winter hardiness. The cultivars of Dostoyny and Aligote showed a high contribution of sucrose content to the formation of a protective response to winter conditions. The protective function of proline as an osmoprotector in the process adaptation was manifested in the varieties of Dostoyny, Vostorg, Zarif. A greate role in the formation of resistance in the varieties of Vostorg, Krasnostop, Kristall, Zarif of ascorbic acid was noted, which is an active antioxidant, the content of which was 17.2-29.8 μg / g of raw material. Anthocyanins made a significant contribution to the protection function of the Dostoyny, Krasnostop, Kristall varieties, the content of which in February increased by 1.9-2.0 times compared to January. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that in the Dostoyny variety a great role for formation of protect mechanism belong to anthocyanins, and in the Vostorg variety to proline. It has been shown that the induction of a protective response in winter is more manifested in the Dostoyny, Krasnostop, Kristall varieties in comparison with Aligote and Zarif varieties.

How to cite
Nenko N., Kiseleva G., Ilina I., Sokolova V., Zaporogets N. STUDY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE TISSUES OF GRAPE SHOOTS UNDER WINTER WEATHER AND CLIMATICAL CONDITIONS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 222–236. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/16.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-222-236 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
573 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 24.11.2020
UDC: 634.8:581.1
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-237-249
Keywords: GRAPES, VINE, METABOLISM, INDUCED DORMANCY, PIGMENTS, CARBOHYDRATES

Annotation

The wintering period and exit from dormancy are of great importance for the subsequent vital activity of grape plants. Induced dormancy is characterized by a number of specific physiological and biochemical changes. The aim of this study was to characterize the photosynthetic parameters, the carbohydrate composition of chlorophyll-containing vine tissue in the period of exit from dormancy. Studies were conducted on grape hybrids of TANA 33 (intraspecific hybrid V. vinifera), TANA 42 (interspecific hybrid V. vinifera and V. amurensis), TANA 68 (interspecific hybrid of V. vinifera and American varieties). TANA 42 and TANA 68 are non-freeze-sensitive hybrids, and TANA 33 is freeze-sensitive hybrid. The studies were carried out in February and March. Content of carbohydrates, photosynthetic pigments, the photochemical activity and the content of MDA in the vines were obtained. Physiological differences between grape hybrids with different freeze resistance during the induced dormancy were revealed. The lowering of the air temperature to moderate negative values have had a weak influence the manifestation of oxidative stress in non-freeze-sensitive hybrids, and a steady increase in the content of MDA was observed in freeze- sensitive TANA 33. The content of photosynthetic pigments in the vines cannot serve as an indicator of freeze- tolerance but this parameter was closely associated with the temperature changes. The effective quantum yield of PS Ⅱ in February was significantly lower for the freeze-sensitive TANA 33, however, the differences between the varieties disappeared after the onset of sap flow. The quantum yield of PS Ⅱ was depended on the temperature changes. The adaptation of non-tolerant grapes probably accompanied with the transformation of starch into soluble carbohydrates, which was not typical for frost-resistant varieties.

How to cite
Savchenko T., Fedorovich S., Sundyreva M. CHANGES OF SOME PHOTOSYNTHETIC PARAMETERS AND CARBOHYDRATES IN GRAPES OF VARIOUS RESISTANCE TO LOW TEMPERATURES DURING THE INDUCED DORMANCY [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 237–249. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/17.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-237-249 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
626 Кб
20 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8:632.93
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-250-269
Keywords: GRAPES, PHYLLOXERA, PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS, JASMONIC ACID, STABILITY, FVA, ABA, AMINO ACIDS, PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, CARBOHYDRATES

Annotation

The aim of the work is to identify the effect of joint application of jasmonic acid with promising physiologically active compounds of various mechanisms of action on the biochemical characteristics of grape roots in connection with resistance to phylloxera. The work was carried out on the production and experimental basis of the DSTSVH branch of the CFSCHVW. The object of research is annual plants of the grape varieties Bianca, Rkatsiteli, Moldova, Agadai, Pervenets Magaracha, Decemberskiy, Podarok Magaracha, Antey Magaracskiy, Cober 5 BB, two-years Agadai plants against the background of phylloxera; physiologically active substances of various mechanisms of action: FAS-1-JSAS; FAS-2-NAS; FAS-3-EAS; FAS-4-JAS (jasmonic acid). The influence of jasmonic acid the processes of grape resistance to the vermin when used separately and in combination with JSAC, NAS and EAS preparations was studied. The nature of changes in the BAS content in the roots during phylloxera attack and FAS treatment in tolerant grape varieties has been studied, which allows us to get closer to understanding the mechanism of resistance formation at the biochemical level. Grape varieties that are tolerant to root phylloxera have different biochemical and hormonal statuses outside of vermin infection, which change to varying degrees in response to phylloxera infection and FAS treatment. The results of research indicate that carbohydrate, amino acid, and phenolic metabolism is associated and involved in the process of response and adaptation of the grape plant to the vermin with the corresponding hormonal status, but it is not unambiguous and unidirectional. Effects of the use of ZHAS (increasing the content of ABA, aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and phenylalanine, which are the basis of the shikimate metabolic pathway), allow to suggest an increase in the action of JSAC + NAS + EAS on the resistance of grapes to root phylloxera.

How to cite
Kazahmedov R. GRAPES AND PHYLLOXERA: INFLUENCE OF PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES THE BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF GRAPE ROOT SYSTEM [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 250–269. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/18.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-250-269 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
738 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 635.9:58.085
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-270-283
Keywords: LARGE-LEAVED HYDRANGEA (HYDRANGEA MACROPHYLLA SER.), SLOWLYGROWING CULTURE IN VITRO, OSMOTIC STRESS, NUTRIENT MEDIUM, INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM

Annotation

To optimize the conditions of a slowly growing culture, of considerable interest is the study of the effectiveness of introducing the various growth inhibitors (osmotics, etc.) and cations, in particular calcium, into nutrient media. In this regard, the goal was to identify the effect of calcium and mannitol the physiological and biochemical parameters of large-leaved hydrangea in a slow-growing in vitro culture. The results of a study to optimize the cultivation of large-leaved hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla Ser.) in a slow-growing in vitro culture are presented. We studied the effect of various concentrations of calcium (440-660-880 mg/L) under osmotic stress, which was modeled by the introduction of mannitol at a concentration of 40 g/L in a nutrient medium. The morphometric parameters of the plants were estimated as the height of the microshoots, the number of leaves on the microshoot, the number of internodes, the number of roots, the length of the roots, the relative electrical conductivity of the leaves, and the content of free proline. The results of the studies showed the possibility of non-stop preservation in culture in vitro for 4-8 months of microshoots and microplants of large-leaved hydrangea. The experiments revealed the ability of plants studied to reduce the kinetics of growth and maintain viability at elevated concentrations of calcium in the nutrient medium (CaCl2 660 and 880 mg/L). It is shown that the addition of mannitol at a concentration of 40 g/L to the nutrient medium caused a strong osmotic stress in hydrangea regenerant plants (with prolonged cultivation), leading to inhibition of plant growth and development, decrease in cell membrane stability and accumulation of free proline. Under conditions of osmotic stress, an increase in the concentration of calcium in the nutrient medium contributed to a more intensive accumulation of free proline, which increased in the stability of microprobe.

How to cite
Malyarovskaya V., Malyukova L., Koninskaya N. EFFECT OF CALCIUM THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF LARGE-BED HYDRANGEA (HYDRANGEA MACROPHYLLA SER.) IN A SLOW-GROWING CULTURE IN VITRO [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 270–283. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/19.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-270-283 (request date: 29.03.2024).

General agrotechnics (systems, technology)

pdf
460 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.1:631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-284-294
Keywords: PEAR, VARIETY, ROOTSTOCK, STABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY

Annotation

Under the favorable climatic conditions and with good agro-technology, the pear-tree produces high regular yields, a pear is a highly presentable crop and the pear varieties differ in productivity. The creation of highly productive pear orchards is impossible without the correct selection of rootstocks and varieties that, along with high taste and commercial qualities of fruits, are well adapted to the external conditions of specific regions, fast-growing and high productive with moderate tree growth and resistance to diseases and pests. This article presents the results of many years of work on breeding and variety study of pear in the Stavropol Territory. Data on the growth and fruiting characteristics of 12 pear varieties on the rootstocks of pear and quince A are presented. The influence of the rootstock tree vigor, the enter into the fruiting season, and the fruit maturation period is shown on the example of the Curie and Talgarskaya Krasavitsa pear varieties. Based on the research results, the tree planting schemes and scion-rootstock combinations for laying the gardens with a planting density of 555 and 1000 trees per hectare were identified and recommended. The promising pear varieties were identified and recommended for use in industrial cultivation in the South of Russia. Optimization of the pear assortment under the conditions of the South of Russia with new adaptive and productive varieties will make it possible to effectively realize the biological potential of pear varieties and increase in fruit production, as well as will allow you to get the fruits of high taste and commodity qualities, reduce the chemical treatments of gardens from vermins and diseases, and thus increase in the ecological safety of the environment.

How to cite
Ermolenko V., Apolohov F., Mozhar N. PROSPECTS FOR PEAR GROWING IN THE CENTRAL PRECAUCASIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 284–294. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/20.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-284-294 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Mineral nutrition of plants

pdf
582 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 634.8: 615.2
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-295-308
Keywords: GRAPES, SEED INDEX, GROWTH REGULATORS, MEDICINAL SUBSTANCES, PRODUCT SAFETY

Annotation

It is suggested that the effect of drugs as chemical substances with physiological activity at the molecular and cellular levels may be identical or similar for animal and plant organisms due to common targets of drugs, in particular, such as ion channels and enzymes. Research on the search for substances whose use at a certain critical stage of organogenesis of generative organs of a particular seed grape variety can induce embryo abortion and seedless berries without negatively affecting the conducting system of the grape comb, the degree of lignification of the comb, and the shedding of seedless berries is of relevance. An important condition and requirement for these drugs should be the environmental and biomedical safety of their use. The purpose of research is to screen physiologically active substances of pharm phytohormonal activity and are promising for use in viticulture. The research was carried out on the plantations of grapes Closed Joint-Stock Company them Sh. Aliyev (2004-2005) of the Republic of Daghestan and experimental basis of DSTSVH branch NCFSCHVW (2017-2019). The object of research the generative grape organs of Agadai and Moldova varieties, which occupies a large area in the Republic of Daghestan. The influence of pharmacological preparations isolated at the stage of virtual screening on the development of ovary elements when used at the stage of pollination (blossoming) and post-fertilization (7 days after mass blossoming) was studied. The standard was classical growth regulators with different mechanisms of action analogs of phytohormones. Screening and initial assessment of the pharmacological drugs effect of various classes the generative grape organs were carried out. A stimulating effect the weight of berries was found levamisole (+11%), dibazole (+18 %), mercazolil (+32%), methyluracil (+41 %) and ranitidine (+60%) during post- fertilization treatment. Treatment by pyrantel and nifedipine of inflorescences at the stage of pollination reduces the number of seeds and their weight in the berries, which leads to increasing a seed index of Agadai variety by 2.5 times Nifedipin increases in seed index Moldova variety by 1.5 times. Pharmacological preparations can be promising for use in the technology for obtaining the seedless berries, speeding up the beginning of crop maturation, increasing in the yield and quality of seed grapes without adversely affecting the commercial value, environmental and biomedical safety of products.

How to cite
Kazakhmedov E., Kazahmedov R. PROSPECTS FOR APPLYING PHYSIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SERIE IN VITICULTURE (RESULTS OF VIRTUAL AND PRIMARY SCREENING) [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 295–308. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/21.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-295-308 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
796 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 663.2 : 634.8
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-309-322
Keywords: GRAPES, NON-ROOT PREPARATIONS, WINEMAKING, WINE COMPOSITION, WINE QUALITY, ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSIS

Annotation

Now, there is no systematic scientific knowledge about the mechanisms of specific agrochemical preparations influence the qualitative and quantitative indicators of grapes and wine products obtained from areas with high rockiness, salinity and low level of soil fertility. The article presents the results of studies on the influence of various non-root products the quality and biological value of wine products from infertile soil. The objects of research were grapes of varying degrees of bush suppression and Chardonnay wine with treatment of non-root preparations (Gumel Lux, Phylloton, Agrumax). The experience of studying the influence of foliar top dressing the productivity of a grape plant and the wine quality was laid in the Anapa Region on grape plantings grafted on Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB rootstock, 2006 planting, scheme of a 3x1.5, formation of two-armed cordon Cazenava. The results of studies in 2019 showed that the treatment of bushes growing on conditionally suitable soil with the studied non-root preparations had a positive effect on the yield and technological quality of Chardonnay grapes. Variants of normally developed bushes treated with Agrumax and Phylloton 9.2 and 8.1 kg/bush, respectively, showed the best yield results. The most extractive in the experiment proved to be the wine materials with bush`s treatment of Gumel Lux, which affected the taste of these samples. In terms of organoleptic parameters, in the year of the study, the wine material from grapes processed with the Gumel Lux proved to be the best. In the experiment, there is a tendency to increase the organoleptic evaluation of white wine as the concentration of malic acid decreases. So, wine materials from Gumel Lux processing grapes were most highly rated, where the amount of malic acid was minimal 2.1-2.2 g / dm3.

How to cite
Dergunov A., Lopin S., Lukyanov A., Michailovskiy S. STUDY OF INFLUENCE OF NON-ROOT ACTION PREPARATION THE PRODUCTIVITY OF GRAPES AND THE QUALITY OF CHARDONNE VINE MATERIALS ON LOW FERTILITY SOIL [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 309–322. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/22.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-309-322 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Quality Management

pdf
540 Кб
11 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 663.253
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-323-333
Keywords: GRAPE VARIETY, WHITE WINE, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ORGANOLEPTIC ANALYSIS, WINE QUALITY

Annotation

The varietal characteristics of the grapes are of great importance when choosing the direction of their use. These features include the color of the grape and its flavor characteristics, the presence of coloring agents in the berry, the ripening period, etc. Features of the variety are reflected in the quality of the wine and its organoleptic properties. The physical and chemical composition of the must and wine varies greatly depending on the quality of the grape and its variety, the natural conditions of the cultivation area, agricultural technology and technology of wine preparation. So, different grape varieties have different amounts of sugar, organic acids, minerals, enzymes and vitamins in the berries. This paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of must and wines prepared from white grape varieties of interspecific origin, grown under the same conditions. The objects of research were must and wines from white technical grape varieties of the ARSRFVW breeding Tsvetochny, Donus, Platovsky, Stanichny, Hungarian varieties Crystal, Bianka, Lakhed mezesh and the Western European Aligote grape variety grown in the vineyards of the Novocherkassk department of the Experimental Field located at the SRFVW. The research was carried out on the basis of the wine-making technology laboratory and the quality control of grape and wine products laboratory of SRFVW. Experienced wines were prepared under micro-winemaking conditions according to the classical technology for dry white wines using the technological equipment for grape processing. The organoleptic analysis of the wines under the study showed that the experimental samples of wines from grape varieties of Aligote, Lakhed Mezesh and Stanichny had the brightest varietal aroma and full harmonious taste and received a high tasting score (8.7 points). It has been established that the chemical composition and organoleptic properties of wines made from grape varieties of interspecific origin largely depend on the varietal characteristics of the grapes.

How to cite
Kalmykova N., Kalmykova E., Gaponova T. INFLUENCE OF GRAPE VARIETY FEATURES THE NATURE AND QUALITY OF DRY WHITE WINES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 323–333. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/23.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-323-333 (request date: 29.03.2024).
pdf
585 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 541.132:547.461
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-334-349
Keywords: MALIC ACID, WINE TITRATED FORMS, WINE QUALITY, PHENOLOMENOLOGICAL MODEL

Annotation

An experimental study of the behavior of dilute (c < 2×10-3, mol/dm3) aqueous solutions of malic acid in the presence of strong electrolytes in the process of continuous potentiometric titration with an electrogenerated base was performed. A phenomenological model of malic acid ionization is proposed, based on the assumption that its molecular and ionized forms exist in dimeric forms in solutions, including highly diluted ones. The proof of the correctness of the proposed model was performed by solving two mathematical models and testing them experimentally. The first classical model was that malic acid under experimental conditions is in monomeric form and in the process of titration is successively ionized by two steps. The second model was based on the fact that malic acid, like its anionic forms, is in aqueous solutions in a stable dimeric form and is titrated as a four-base acid. Ionization constants are found for each of the models, and the relationship between them is described. For the second model, it is shown that the process of ionization of malic acid in the third and fourth stages is difficult due to the fact that protons are located in a ring of carboxyl groups and are titrated much more difficult than the terminal ones, since their bond with oxygen atoms is strengthened during titration. Distribution curves of the assumed molecular and ionic forms of malic acid formed during titration are constructed, and the nature of hydrogen and intermolecular bonds is discussed. The influence of malic acid the appearance of wine titration curves was revealed. The results of comparing the ionization constants of dimernic forms of tartaric, malic, citric, formic, lactic, succinic and acetic acids found by this method are presented. The results obtained are used in titrimetry methods for evaluating the quality of grape raw and wines.

How to cite
Shelud'ko O., Strizhov N. PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODEL OF MALIC ACID IONIZATION IN THE PRESENCE OF STRONG ELECTROLYTES AND ITS CONNECTION WITH DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL ACIDS IN THE GRAPES AND WINE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 334–349. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/24.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-334-349 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Phytosanitary condition of plants

pdf
727 Кб
19 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: [632.08:632.4] + 57.083.12
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-350-368
Keywords: VENTURIA INAEQUALIS, VIRULENCE ASSESSMENT, ISOLATES, VARIETIES, SPECIES, APPLE-TREE, UNRIPE FRUITS

Annotation

A method for assessing the virulence of the apple scab pathogen on unripe fruits is offered in the paper. The necessary conditions for its effective implementation were determined experimentally. It is shown that unripe fruits should be selected from the genotypes of apple-trees, which are controlled by chemical preparations for fungal diseases, in the "walnut" development phase. Surface disinfection of fruits is not effective if they are infected with rot agents in the garden, which may prevent of further analysis. The same conditions for the preparation and selection of unripe fruits should be observed when they are further stored for deferred experiments. The method was tested on 9 monospore isolates of Venturia inaequalis isolated from the apple variety of Renet Simirenko. The manifestation of symptoms of scab lesions was characterized by the development of diffuse spots of dark olive or dark gray color with mainly superficial development of pathogen mycelium. The studied isolates of V. inaequalis characterized by different levels of virulence and aggressiveness on different genotypes of the host plant, reflecting the high heterogeneity of the pathogen population. Pathogenicity of most isolates was higher for immature fruits from the variety Renet Simirenko, showing their adaptability to the variety from which they were isolated. Slightly lower virulence and aggressiveness of isolates was observed for the Idared apple variety. Only one of the 9 isolates of the scab pathogen was virulent to the species of Malus x purpurea var pendula ornamental apple. The study carried out showed the effectiveness of the proposed method, under the conditions of fruit selection, in assessing the virulence and pathogenicity of monospore isolates of the apple scab pathogen in laboratory conditions.

How to cite
Nasonov A., Yakuba G., Astapchuk I., Barsukova O. DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE VIRULENCE OF APPLE SCAB PATHOGEN UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 350–368. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/25.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-350-368 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Processing of fruit and berries production and grapes

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652 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 663.263
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-369-381
Keywords: APPLES, CIDER, FRUIT WINES, AMINO ACIDS, AROMATIC SUBSTANCES

Annotation

The article presents the data on the study of amino acids of fresh and fermented juices from apples grown in the Krasnodar Territory. As a result of the studies revealed: the highest concentration of amino acids in fresh juices from Jonathan and Florina apples.The most of the amino acids, both fresh apple juices and fermented, were proline, alanine, asparagine and glycine. During fermentation, a change in the concentration of amino acids occurred: the concentration (on average 2 times) of proline, alanine, valine, glycine (except for juice from Florina variety) histidine, isoleucine, lysine, serine, methionine is increased; the concentration of asparagine, leucine, phenylalanine, cystine and cysteine is decreased. The identified trend is the same for all varieties of apples, which suggests that the physiological properties of the yeast race, but not the varietal characteristics of apples, mainly affected the change in the amino acids of apple juices during fermentation. It is known that aromatic components are formed from the amino acids of apple juices during fermentation. The aromatic substances of finished ciders were studied, among which the higher alcohols, volatile acids, esters, aldehydes, which determine a special bouquet and taste, were identified. Higher alcohols were represented mainly by isoamyl alcohol (more than 50 %), 1-propanol, isobutanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol. Volatile acids for the most part, with acetic acid, propionic, butyric, isobutyric, isovalerianic and valerianic in the juices of all apple varieties had similar values. The main component (up to 90%) of esters was ethyl acetate, the content of which in apple wine materials varied from 41.8 mg/dm3 in Golden Delishes up to 128.0 mg/dm3 in Jonathan. It has been established that the composition of aromatic substances of apple wine materials, made from apples grown in the Krasnodar Territory, is significantly affected by varietal characteristics of apples.

How to cite
Shirshova A., Ageeva N., Prakh A., Shelud'ko O. INFLUENCE OF APPLE VARIETY THE CONCENTRATION OF AMINO ACIDS IN FRESH AND FERMENTED APPLE JUICES AND THE CONCENTRATION OF AROMATIC FORMING COMPONENTS OF CIDERS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 369–381. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/26.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-369-381 (request date: 29.03.2024).
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583 Кб
14 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 663. 21/222/253.4
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-382-395
Keywords: CLIMATE, GRAPES, S. CEREVISIAEY STRAIN VKPM Y-4270, RED WINE, NITROGEN, PROTEASES, AMINO ACID

Annotation

The aim of the work is to assess the influence of natural and climatic factors the nitrogen composition of red table wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes growing in the Derbent District of the Republic of Daghestan. Objects of research the samples of red table wines: No. 1 harvest 2017, No. 2 harvest 2018. The wines were made at Derbent sparkling wine factory. The yeast strain S. cerevisiae VKPM Y-4270 was used for fermentation. The study of amino acids and nitrogenous substances in the wine materials was carried out using capillary electrophoresis on devices of the "Kapel 103" and "Kapel 105"series. Physical and chemical parameters were determined by standard methods used in enochemistry. The volume fraction of ethyl spitre was 11.3 and 13.0 % vol. in the studied samples, the mass concentration of titrated acids was 5.0 and 6.0 g/dm3, respectively. The concentration of nitrogenous compounds in the analyzed samples was established: the mass concentration of total nitrogen is 146 and 184 mg / dm3, ammonium ions 3.1 and 3.2 mg/dm3, and protein 8.5 and 10.1 mg / dm3, respectively. The protease activity of the S. cerevisiae strain VKPM Y-4270 was studied, it varied from 127 cu (sample 1) to 138 cu (sample 2). 15 amino acids were identified in the experimental samples of wine, the mass concentration of which was: sample 1 4952.68 and sample 2 1672.78 mg / dm3. The amino acid proline, as an important protein building material for the cell, prevailed in all samples, its amount in 2018 wine is 3.1 times higher. Of the essential amino acids in the same wine sample, an increased content of methionine, lysine, histidine, isoleucine, and tryptophan was found. The wines under experiment had a fairly high tasting rating and a high biological value.

How to cite
Kotenko S., Khalilova E., Shelud'ko O., Mitrofanova E., Abakarova A., Islammagomedova E. INFLUENCE OF NATURAL- CLIMATIC FACTORS THE COMPOSITION OF NITROGEN CONTAINING SUBSTANCES IN RED TABLE WINES [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 382–395. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/27.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-382-395 (request date: 29.03.2024).

Decorative shapes of garden rocks and grapes in the landscape construction

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560 Кб
16 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 635.9:631.5; 581.543(470+213.1)
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-396-411
Keywords: LIRIOPA, OPHIOPOGON, LAWN, INTRODUCTION, VARIETY STUDY, PHENOLOGY, PHENOPHASIS

Annotation

Knowledge of the seasonal development of introduced plants allows us to assess their adaptive potential in the new growing conditions, the prospects of their cultivation, and also is an important component in the development of cultivation technologies. In the period from 2012 to 2018, the features of seasonal rhythms of the development of alternative species of evergreen ground cover lawn-forming plants of the genus Liriope Lour. and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl. Under the conditions of humid subtropics of Russia were studied. The studied taxa are characterized by a long growing season (March-December) with growth peaks in the spring (April-May) and autumn (October-November) months. Under the humid subtropics of Russia, the objects of research go through all stages of development, which allows us to conclude that they are adapted to climatic conditions when they are not fully consistent with the ecological optimum of the studied taxa. High winter hardiness and drought tolerance of the studied representatives of the genera Liriope Lour and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl. in the region of research were noted. However, high air temperatures in the summer period against the background of insufficient moisture supply can lead to a short-term growth suspension. Significant differences in the timing and duration of flowering and fruiting compared to natural areas were found. In research region conditions, a shift of these phenophases to a later date with a decrease in they duration is noted. This fact indicates that the conditions of the humid subtropics of Russia are not fully consistent with the ecological optimum of the studied plants and causes a decrease in the productivity of generative reproduction. Against the background of oppressed seed reproduction, high vegetative reproduction efficiency was noted. This fact meets fully the need for planting material and decorative plantings formation. The research results confirm the prospects of plants of the genus Liriope Lour. and Ophiopogon Ker Gawl. under consideration for wide cultivation in the conditions of the zone of humid subtropics of Russia.

How to cite
Konnov N., Karpun N. PECULIARITIES OF PHENOLOGICAL RHYTHMS OF SHADOW ENDURING GROUND COVER PLANTS PERSPECTIVE FOR USE IN DECORATIVE GARDENING OF HUMID SUBTROPICS OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 396–411. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/28.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-396-411 (request date: 29.03.2024).
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668 Кб
13 с.
Date posted: 16.11.2020
UDC: 635.965
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-412-424
Keywords: MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, CHAENOMELES, JAPAN QUINCE, ESTIMATION OF VARIETES, BEAUTIFUL FLOWERING SHRUBS

Annotation

Modern research Japan quince, as the fruit crops, returned to him with interest and in ornamental horticulture. The main problem of negative attitudes towards Japan quince in the landscaping of the South of Russia connected with the use of planting material of seed origin, that is, not the varietal. This constrains its mass use in gardening. 20 varieties of Japan quince, as a blossoming shrub, were studied and evaluated. The most decorative are nine varieties: 2 varieties of Ch. speciosa 'Umbilicata Kermesina, 5 varieties of Ch. × superba Crimson and Gold, Ernst Finken, Grenade, Clementine, 'Orange Trail', and 2 varieties of Chaenomeles × vilmoriniana Afterglow, Vedrariensis. It is shown that the flowering period of chaenomeles under the conditions of damp subtropics of Russia lasts from late November to May. Based on phenological observations, early (Clementine), medium (Kermesina) and late-flowering (Vedrariensis) varieties were identified. Low - growing henomeles include 'Orange Trail', medium-sized Grenade, tall Ernst Finken. Recommended for use in gardening varieties have flower color of white (Afterglow), orange ('Orange Trail'), pink (Umbilicata), red (Crimson and Gold) and multicolored (Vedrariensis). The study of biological characteristics of Chaenomeles varieties has shown their different relationship to environmental factors, among which the main importance is relation to drought. In the humid subtropics of Russia, preference should be given to Chaenomeles speciosa, as well as its hybrids Selection of this beautiful-flowering shrub in order to obtain highly ornamental and resistant varieties in the South of Russia is an actual and promising direction of scientific research.

How to cite
Soltani G., Malyarovskaya V. PROMISING VARIETIES OF CHAENOMELES LINDL. FOR GARDENING USE IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 66(6). pp. 412–424. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/06/29.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-6-66-412-424 (request date: 29.03.2024).