Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

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The article presents the results of research aimed at creating competitive, highly productive vineyards with stable fruiting and high quality grape-wine products. An approach based on the creation of software based on established relationships and interdependencies in the "soil-plant-climate" system is proposed. The purpose of the research was to develop a decision-making algorithm for the selection of optimal grape varieties for specific edaphoclimatic conditions and a PC for its implementation. The objects of research are grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin. The source of information about grape varieties was: the All-Russian ampelographic collection (city of Anapa), the collection of ARNRIV&W �Magarach� (Republic of Crimea), the collection of ARRIV&W named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Rostov region), Dagestan collection (city of Derbent). Modern methods of modeling and information technology were used as a methodological basis for research. Competent selection of variety when laying a vineyard is one of the main factors in the formation of competitive plantations. It is necessary to take into account requirements of variety for the temperature regime of the cultivation zone (the sum of active temperatures, minimum temperatures and the frequency of their repetition) when selecting a variety, in the case of grafted planting material, the affinity of the graft-rootstock combination and the characteristics of the rootstock. On the basis of the conducted research, an algorithm for selecting varieties and rootstocks for specific edaphoclimatic characteristics of the area of cultivation of grape plantations has been developed, which will ensure the highly efficient use of the genetic properties of varieties and the edaphoclimatic potential of the cultivation zone. The next stage of research was the direct programming of modules for calculating the selection of varieties according to specified criteria, which will allow creating software (PC) for the decision-making process for choosing the optimal grape varieties for specific edaphoclimatic conditions.

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This article presents the results of a strategic analysis of the activities of the OJSC �AIF �FANAGORIA� in order to confirm the relevance of the production of juice products. An action plan has been drawn up to reduce risks and threats. The plan provides for an increase in the area of vine plantations, the laying of new resistant grape varieties to reduce dependence on climatic conditions; increase in production and marketing of grape products. It is recommended to produce juices from the harvest of old, planned for uprooting, and young, yielding the first harvests, vineyards. It is proposed to combine into one document and structure the requirements for the rules for the production of juice products. A draft standard for an organization for the production of directly expressed juices from fresh grapes has been developed, including the following sections: �scope�, �regulatory references�, �basic technological terms and definitions�, �classification�, �technical requirements�, �technological stages of production�, �packaging�, �labeling�, �acceptance rules�, �control methods�, �transportation and storage�. The draft standard for the first time Proposed to establish requirements for the characteristics of the soil, its physical, agrochemical and chemical properties, taking into account the laying of new plantings (criteria for suitability of soils); specify the norms for the application of mineral fertilizers depending on the type of soil; prescribe the provision of vineyard soil with nutrients depending on the condition of the plants, the level of soil fertility, moisture supply and yield; introduce the systematic application of mineral macro- and micro fertilizers, that ensure the growth of the value and quality of yields. For the production of directly expressed juices, a wide range of grape varieties of different maturation periods is recommended, including new promising varieties, clones and proto-clones, that are of interest for a complex of economically valuable characteristics and allow obtaining a high yield with a reduced pesticide load. The introduction into production of the proposed draft standard of the organization will greatly simplify compliance with the requirements in force in the Russian Federation for the production of directly expressed grape juice.

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The results of study of winter hardiness of annual shoot tissues and generative buds of cherry varieties and hybrid forms of different genetic origin are presented in the article. The comparative study of winter hardiness of cherry varieties and hybrid forms was conducted in the natural conditions: in the conditions of action of damaging factors of mild, warm winters (winters 2018/2019 and 2019/2020) and in the conditions of action of damaging factors of severe winter (winter 2020/2021). The frequency of occurrence of wood, cambium and core freezing was estimated in the study of winter hardiness of cherry annual shoot tissues. It was determined that annual shoot tissues of cherry varieties and hybrids freeze slightly much more often at the unfavorable terms of severe cold winters. The core freezes more often, the cambium is much less common and the wood practically does not freeze. It was shown that varieties and hybrids obtained with the attraction of Maaka cherry have the best winter hardiness of annual shoot tissues. The best winter hardiness of all annual shoot tissues was shown by varieties Livenskaya and Novella and hybrid form 05-00 among all studied varieties and hybrid forms. The percentage of living generative buds, living rudimentary flowers in them, as well as the number of intact vascular bundles of generative buds were taken into account in study of winter hardiness of generative buds. It was found that the generative buds of cherry varieties and hybrid forms were slightly damaged in all three parameters taken into account in the conditions of mild, warm winters 2018/2019, 2019/2020. The generative buds of varieties obtained on the basis of the cherry sour gene pool are moderately hardy, and varieties and hybrid forms obtained with the the attraction of Maaka cherry are winter-hardy under the action of the damaging factors of a severe winter. The varieties Novella and ELS Surprise and hybrid form 05-00 showed the best winter hardiness of generative buds in all three parameters among all studied genotypes. Thus, the winter hardiness of most of the studied cherry sour varieties in the conditions of the Central region of Russia is medium, which makes it impossible to obtain stable high yields of this crop in the Russia Central region. It is possible to increase the winter hardiness of cherry sour varieties by involving hybrid forms derived from Maaka cherry in the synthetic breeding of this crop.

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The article presents the results of a long-term study of the Don autochthonous grape variety Krasnostop Zolotovsky in comparison with the control variety Cabernet Sauvignon. The research was carried out in 2000-2019 at the Don ampelographic collection named after Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region), according to generally accepted methods in viticulture and National Standards. The varieties were studied in a covering grafted culture on the rootstock Kober 5 BB. It was found that both varieties have good following indicators: the percentage of burgeoning buds and fruitfulness shoots, fruitfulness coefficients. The Cabernet Sauvignon variety was inferior to the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety in terms of sugar content in berry juice throughout the entire study period. Value of this indicator was on the level of 24.1 g/100 cm3 (Krasnostop Zolotovsky) and 20.9 g/100 cm3 (Cabernet Sauvignon) in average. The conventional yield capacity per hectare was 6.8 tons (Krasnostop Zolotovsky) and 6.6 tons (Cabernet Sauvignon). The physico-chemical parameters of the wines were confirmed to National Standards, had a good stockpile of extractive, phenolic, stains substances, a harmonious combination of sugars and acids, which allowed to obtain high-quality wines. The content of phenolic substances in wine from the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety was 2634 mg/dm3 ; the content in Cabernet Sauvignon wine was 2354 mg/dm3 . Wine from the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety over the years of research received higher taste assessments, which averaged 8.8 points, and Cabernet Sauvignon wine was assessed in average on 8.7 points. According to the results of the study of agrobiological, technological, uvological and economically valuable properties, the Krasnostop Zolotovsky variety is not inferior to the control variety Cabernet Sauvignon. Over the course of 20 years of study, it has established itself as consistently producing high quality wine materials.

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The article presents the results of studies on the effect of pollinating varieties on bunch density and uvological indicators of the Crimean autochthonous grape variety Kefesia. The work was carried out in OOO "Kachinsky +" in 2020-2021. Planting year � 2015, planting scheme 3×2, varieties were planted according to the scheme � 2 rows of Kefesiya variety alternated with 1 row of pollinating variety (Moldova, Bastardo Magarachsky) in squares 1, 2 of 2,0 hectares in area. The total number of Kefesiya variety bushes is 982 pcs. Studies of uvological characteristics of the autochthonous variety Kefesia depending on pollinator variety showed that the bushes pollinated with the Moldova variety form larger bunches, more seeds are set, exceeding these figures compared to other variants of pollinators when cultivating the Kefesia variety. In all studied combinations of Kefesia variety, parthenocarpic berries are formed in bunches. When Kefesia variety is pollinated with pollen from the Moldova variety, the number of seeds in the bunch averaged 205.3 pieces, which is 45.2 % more in bunches formed under the influence of pollinator variety Bastardo Magarachsky, and by 76.5 % more than in bunches of Kefesia variety without pollination. The pollinator varieties Moldova and Bastardo Magarachsky influence the changes in the indicators �average bunch weight�, �number of berries in the bunch�, �number of seeds in the bunch�, �weight of 100 berries�. The Moldova variety demonstrates the greatest efficiency of pollination and is recommended as a pollinator for the Kefesia variety in the production plantations of the Republic of Crimea.

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The creation of grape varieties o f a new generation � analogues of the Crimean autochthons � highly productive and of high quality, carrying genetic adaptability to environmental conditions, is relevant today. The main method for breeding grape Varieties of a new generation with genetically determined features of resistance to biotic and abiotic factors is crossing of varieties of complex genetic structure between themselves and with forms of Vitis vinifera L. species belonging to different ecological and geographical groups, saturating crosses between hybrid forms with a complex of features corresponding to the breeding task. The objectives of the studies included the assessment of resistance to low temperatures of the Crimean autochthonous grape varieties and their hybrids; selection of the most frost-resistant genotypes obtained by crossing Crimean autochthonous grape varieties with complex interspecific hybrids on the basis of hybridological analysis. The objects of research were 15 local varieties of Crimea and 481 seedlings in 22 combinations of crossing of Crimean autochthonous varieties with complex interspecific varieties. As a result of hybrid analysis identified promising hybrid combinations from crossing Crimean autochthonous varieties with varieties of complex interspecific origin � 'Aibatly' x 'Ifigenia' (Hh = 1, 9 %) and 'Kokur Chernyi' x 'Spartanets Magaracha' (Hh = 2.4 %), as well as populations characterized by high breeding value � 'Kok Pandas' x 'Zeibel 6357' (44.4 %), 'Kefesiya' x 'Spartanets Magaracha' (23.5 %) and 'Kok Pandas' x 'Spartanets Magaracha' (29.4%). A promising hybrid is Magarach No.8-08-8-4 ('Kok Pandas' x 'Zeibel 6357').

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The article presents the data on ampelographic screening of vegetating seedlings of Don autochthonous grape varieties. To describe morphological features we used Method of testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability of grapevine (Vitis L.) and the OIV descriptor � a descriptive guidance for encoding of ampelographic features and properties of any phenotypic individuals of grapevines. It allowed us to systematize the studied features, unify and bring them into compliance with international requirements. The article provides information about the most common grape varieties in the northern viticulture zone of the technical direction of use � Denisovsky, Kaberne severnyi, Saperavi severnyi. These varieties are included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use. The description of morphological features was performed when the length of the grafted grape seedling shoot was 50-70 sm. In accordance with the method, the following definitions were used: the top of a young shoot, a shoot, a young leaf, and mature leaf. Morphobiological study of the features of grafted vegetative grape seedlings was carried out in the conditions of Novocherkassk. An ampelographic description is given. It is noted that the morphological characteristics of vegetating seedlings differ significantly from the morphological characteristics of adult fruit-bearing bushes, some features differ in modification variability and depend on the growing conditions. The information obtained as a result of the research can be used for testing vine nurseries and creating pure-grade plantings.

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The article presents the results of scientific research of the candidate of the Department of Commodity Science, Food Technology and Public Catering of the Dagestan State Agrarian University and her mentors on the commercial quality and structural and mechanical properties of fig fruits grown on the territory of the Republic of Dagestan. The article provides a description of 3 varieties of figs grown in the Magaramkent region of the Republic of Dagestan. Data on the mechanical properties of fig fruits in the conditions of Southern Dagestan are presented for the first time. The studies were carried out according to standard generally accepted methods in accordance with the research requirements of GOST 34322-2017. �Green figs. Specifications�. The result is the determination of commercial quality: organoleptic indicators � appearance, shape, condition of the fruit, taste, aroma, the presence of rotten, wilted, moldy, rumpled with excessive moisture berries; physical and chemical indicators � size and weight, cross diameter of the fruits of three studied varieties of figs (Urozhayny, Brunsvik, Cherny Pozdny). Based on the results, it can be concluded that all the studied varieties belong to the first commercial variety, and the Brunsvik variety is a large-fruited berry. The average weight for all varieties is 68.13 g. The study of the chemical composition of fig fruits suggests that along with fresh consumption, all the studied fig fruits are valuable raw materials for canned products. Fig fruits can be used to prepare various food products � preserve, compotes, jam, pastille, fruit pita bread, dried fruits, etc.

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Chrysanthemum × hortorum is an important flower-decorative culture. The collection of garden chrysanthemum of the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences is represented by 62 varieties of domestic and foreign breeding, as well as more than 200 hybrids obtained at the Centre in different years. Since 2006, breeding studies have been carried out at the FRC SSC RAS, the purpose of which is to create decorative, adaptive, productive varieties with different flowering periods, unusual shapes and colors of inflorescences for universal use. Objects of research are a hybrid fund obtained from 10 combinations of inter-varietal crosses and 7 groups of hybrids from free pollination with known maternal varieties. As a result of the research, the nature of the inheritance of decorative features of the inflorescence, such as the type of calathid, the shape and color of the ray flowers, as well as the shape of the leaves, was determined. It has been established that 80 % of seedlings from the studied combinations have inflorescence color different from parent varieties. The form of ray flowers in most cases is a neoplasm. The leaf shape of most hybrid seedlings in 70 % of the studied crosses differs from the original parental plants. Hybridological analysis of the offspring made it possible to identify promising combinations of crossing, such as: ♀ 'Izetka Bernstein' × ♂ Zh-10-10, ♀ 'Izetka Bernstein' × ♂ M-187-1, ♀ 'Mona Lisa White' × ♂ M-182- 1, ♀ 'Sadko' × ♂ 'Amber', ♀ 'Amber' × ♂ 'Sadko', 'Amber' × 'Sadko', 'Symphony' × 'Tigerreg'. Varieties 'Harlequin', 'Symphony', 'Mona Lisa White', 'Izetka Bernstein', 'Sadko' were selected as sources of economically valuable traits.

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The article presents experimental data confirming the production variability of table grape variety Viktor during biological manipulation with a living plant organism and its organs. Field studies were carried out in the Central agroecological zone of viticulture of the Krasnodar region. The planting scheme of bushes 3.8 × 2.0 m, the formation of bushes is a high- standard two-armed cordon, rootstock is Berlandieri × Riparia SO4. The average annual air temperature is 12.5�13.0 ºC, the sum of active temperatures is 3900-4100 ºC, the maximum air temperature during the growing season is plus 40 ºC, air temperature in winter drops to minus 30 ºC. The annual precipitation is 700-800 mm. The soils are low-humus, leached powerful chernozems. In such agroecological conditions, the Viktor grape variety has a high production responsiveness to the optimization of the structural elements of the bush. There is a change in the mass of the bunch and the yield of grapes, depending on the load of the bushes with shoots and bunches. The largest weight of a bunch is formed at an average load of bushes with shoots (21-24 pieces/bush) and bunches (13-15 pieces/bush) and is 0.777 kg. The correlation dependence of the average weight of a bunch of grapes of the Victor variety on the number of shoots on the bushes is moderate, r = 0.3. The yield capacity of grapes, including commercial ones, tends to decrease with a decrease in the load of bushes with shoots and bunches. The highest yield capacity of grapes was at the highest load of bushes with shoots (26-30 pieces/bush) and bunches (17-20 pieces/bush) and amounted to 18.19 t/ha. The correlation dependence of yield capacity on the load of bushes with shoots and bunches is medium and strong, r = 0.68 and r = 0.71, respectively. The share of commercial grapes is high, on average 92 %. The largest share of the commercial grape yield, 96 %, was in the variants with an average load of bushes with shoots (21-24 pieces/bush) and an average load of bunches (13-15 pieces/bush) and amounted to 13.5 t/ha.

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The article presents the results of research on the effect of foliar fertilizing of the technical grape variety Rkatsiteli with the organomineral fertilizer "Renovation of the Protection brand" on the yield and its quality. The purpose of the research was to establish the optimal application rate of the drug per 1 hectare of vineyard. The research was carried out in OAO AF "Yuzhnaya" of Temryuksky district at the Chernomorets branch on a grafted, fruit-ing, stemmed vineyard, with the formation of a two-sided horizontal cordon. The scheme of the experiment included three application rates of the drug per 1 hectare of vineyard � 1, 2 and 3 kg/ha. Control variant was without processing. Foliar fertilizing was carried out three times � in the phase of isolation of inflorescences and 15 days after the second and third. The flow norm of the working fluid was 800 l/ha. Records and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods in viticulture. It was revealed that at all application rates of the fertilizer, there was a significant increase in the mass of the bunch, an increase in the yield from the bush and the yield capacity of plantings. However, the greatest excess of indicators compared to the control occurred at the application rate of the drug 1 l/ha, where the mass of the bunch increased by 17.8 %, and the yield from the bush and yield capacity, respectively, by 22.8 and 23.0 %. The sugar content in berry juice increased by 0.9 g/100 cm3 in this variant. The influnce of the use of non�root Fertilizers on the concentrations of the main indicators of the quality of wine materials was determined � the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol, mass concentrations of volatile and titrated acids, sulfur dioxide and the reduced extract, as well as pH. An increase in the reduced extract was found in all variants of the experiment. The application of foliar dressing did not fundamentally affect the concentration of organic acids. There was an increase in the tasting score by 0.2 points in the variant with the use of "Renovation of the Protection brand " in a concentration of 2.0 g/dm3

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The purpose of the research was to study the effect of resonant frequency preparations of roots on the regenerative properties of grape cuttings during vegetative reproduction. An analytical review of techniques and methods of using resonant frequencies affecting biological processes in the low-frequency range with low-intensity exposure is given. The potential possibility of using electromagnetic field treatments in a fixed spectrum of frequencies and frequencies of the spectrum characteristic of individual chemical preparations and biological processes is shown. The positive influence of the resonant frequencies of the root meristem on the regeneration processes of cuttings during the production of the planting material of grape has been established. Work has been done to establish possible options for the coupling of technological equipment for the use of a modulated low-intensity electromagnetic field in the production of grape planting material. The indicators of rooting and shoot formation of two-bud annual cuttings of the technical variety Citronnyi Magaracha have been studied. The resonant frequencies of the root tissue in the experiment performed the role of modulating the main spectrum of operating frequencies, which is the carrier. A support structure (water) treated with the spectrum of carrier frequencies of the applied equipment was used as a control sample. Positive results of the application of the root meristem as a source of resonant frequencies for the creation of a stimulating drug have been obtained. The effect of this drug on the growth of the shoot formation index manifested itself as the main one out of five in three variants of the experiment, where the secondary effect was a positive dynamic of changes in the rooting index of grape cuttings. As a working hypothesis explaining the obtained effects, an assumption is made about the manifestation of the similarity principle characteristic of interacting living systems. The basic algorithms for the reception and transmission of resonant frequencies characteristic of the tissues of young grape roots are proposed. The established regularities of processing the working carrier (water) with the resonant frequency spectrum of the biological product when it is directly removed from the source are confirmed. In order to clarify the degree of efficiency of the operating modes of the process hardware in relation to the tasks being solved, the mass-produced specialized equipment has been tested in independent and coupled operation modes. Optimal algorithms for the hardware production of a resonant-frequency stimulating drug based on the root meristem are proposed.

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The article presents the results of studying the keeping quality of varieties and breeding forms of apple trees of autumn and winter maturation periods, natural weight loss during storage in an unregulated gas environment in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Crimea. Breeders and fruit growers are faced with the task of breeding and introducing into production new varieties with high adaptability to growing and storage conditions suitable for modern intensive plantings in connection with the government's import substitution policy. Rational selection of genotypes for storage is one of the most effective ways to reduce losses during storage. The study of keeping quality was carried out in an unregulated gas environment at a temperature of +2 º C, and a relative humidity of 85-90 %. The determination of diseases during the storage period was carried out visually, according to the determinant of plant diseases. The keeping quality is genotypically determined, and different storage modes cannot change the general orientation of the fruit ripening process, but affect the intensity of its passage. It is necessary to take into account varietal (individual) reaction to a certain temperature regime when selecting the assortment of apple varieties to be laid for long-term storage. Keeping quality is due to genetic characteristics, but it is more influenced by the conditions of the growing season, the timing of removal, post-harvest processing of fruits, the stability of the storage regime. Genotypes that are able to maintain high commercial and consumer qualities of fruits are highlighted among the presented variety samples. The use of the selected genotypes as initial forms in obtaining new varieties will allow to create a new generation of adaptive varieties suitable for growing conditions in the south of Russia and increased storage potential in an unregulated gas environment.

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The main task of agricultural production, in particular crop production, is to meet the needs of the population for fresh fruits and vegetables of high quality. The successful solution of this problem largely determines the standard of human life and health, which is currently of great importance. However, worldwide consumption of crop production per capita is 20-50 % lower than the minimum recommended levels despite its nutritional and functional value. The main reason for insufficient consumption is quantitative and qualitative losses in the system of production, storage and sale. According to FAO, losses of crop Production from the total food losses are up to 45 %. In this regard, along with increase in the production of agricultural products, there is a question of improving their quality � it is necessary to improve not only the production, but also the storage of major types of agricultural raw materials. In this connection, it is strategically important to ensure the safety of crop products during storage and sale, which is reflected in the �Concept of state policy in the field of healthy nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation�, which provides for comprehensive research in improving storage and processing technologies for fruits and vegetables. On this basis, the purpose of this work is to review the available scientific and technical information on existing methods of storage of fruit and vegetable products. As a result of the analysis of scientific and technical information, we can conclude that promising directions for improving the technology of storage of agricultural products are the use of regulated gas environments, bioactive packaging and coatings, which helps to extend the shelf life with minimal losses. The proven effectiveness of the described methods of extending the shelf life of crop products suggests the relevance of developing new storage technologies using a complex of biotechnological and physical methods.

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A methodology for assessing the organoleptic value of plant objects subject to cold storage has been developed. Preliminary studies revealed the degree of cryoscopic denaturation of free and bound water in frozen meat, fish raw materials, and grapes. No such work has been carried out in other fruits, vegetables and berries. This study shows the possibility of ensuring high consumer quality of vegetable raw materials during its cold storage through the use of acoustic freezing (AEF). The effect of acoustic freezing and shock freezing on the consumer quality of plant raw materials is compared. A method of organoleptic assessment of the quality of plant products stored in cryoscopic conditions has been developed. An examination of the consumer quality of plant objects (raspberries, blackberry raspberries, garden strawberries (strawberries), blueberries, zucchini, carrots and figs) was carried out on the basis of the developed methodology of organoleptic assessment. It is established that when storing plant raw materials under acoustic freezing conditions, its consumer quality remains high and can be classified as �Premium� and �Basic�. It is revealed that the storage of plant raw materials under the conditions of an innovative method of acoustic freezing, which prevents the crystallization of free and bound intracellular water, in contrast to shock freezing, allows to significantly preserve its consumer quality. The developed method of refrigerating plant objects under acoustic freezing conditions allows plant raw materials to be classified into various quality categories after defrosting.

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Organic acids and products of their transformations play a great role in formation of organoleptic qualities of sherry wine not only in terms of taste component, but also as a regulator of redox processes. Organic acids are mainly represented in wine by tartaric, malic, lactic, succinic, acetic, citric, oxalic acids and others. Each acid included in the wine, has its own taste properties, which in interaction can enhance or neutralize each other. The article presents data on changes in the content of organic acids during the production of sherry type wines by filmless method from white grape varieties Platovsky, Kristall, Aligote. On the basis of the conducted studies, it was revealed that during oxidative aging of sherry wine materials on yeast sediments, some quantitative changes in the composition of organic acids occurred. In all variants there was a decrease in tartaric acid concentration. Its greatest decrease (by 1.5 g/dm3 ) was observed in the control Aligote. The concentration of malic acid decreased by 16-92 % in the studied variants Platovsky V-1, V-2, Kristall V-1 and the control Aligote. The greatest decrease in malic acid in the process of aging on the yeast sludge observed in the control Aligote (92 %). Also, there was an increase in lactic acid by 1.7 g/dm3 . An increase in the concentration of succinic acid (by 25-30 %) and acetic acid by 0.11-0.41 g/dm3 was observed in all samples. It was noted that changes in the quantitative composition of organic acids in sherry type wines are predominantly influenced by the production method o f sherry type wines.

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Experimental data on the feasibility of production of activated carbons from the waste of the wine industry � grape pomace and dense yeast sediments are presented. Activated carbons (AC, powders) were prepared by the small enterprise Balakirev V.G. (Maykop) in the form of dust from grape pomace of white (AC1) and red grape varieties (AC2), dense yeast sediments (AC3 and AC 4) and a mixture of grape pomace and yeast sediments (AC5 and AC 6) according to the following scheme: drying of raw materials, carbonization and activation in one unit. Pyrolysis temperature is 850-900 º�. It was established that according to physical and chemical indicators, experimental samples of AC were close to the control and industrial samples of coal of BAU (Russia) and Karbinok (France). White and red dry wine in bulk and wine distillate were treated with prepared carbons. It was established that as a result of wine processing, the volume fraction of ethyl alcohol, the mass concentration of sugars, titrated acids, and the pH value did not undergo significant changes. Volatile acids (up to 42% in the processing of white wine) and phenolic compounds (in the processing of red wine) undergo the greatest changes during the treatment of wines with activated carbons. The best results in reducing the concentration of volatile acids are obtained using AC 3 and AC 4, made on the basis of dense yeast sediments. The greatest decrease in the concentration of acetaldehyde was detected during the treatment of distillates with samples of AC 4, AC 3, followed by AC 2 and AC 6, which showed results identical to control variants. The use of AC 3 and AC 4 ensured the complete removal of acetoine, which forms synthetic tones in the aroma of alcohols. High sorption capacity for the sum of the ethers was shown by AC 6 and AC5. As a result of treatment with activated carbons, especially variants AC3 and AC4, the taste and aroma of distillates improves.

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Protein turbidity is a common type of wine stability disorder. They can form even after bottling wine, during storage and transportation. Ensuring the stability of wine before bottling is an important stage of wine production. Most often, bentonite is used to reduce the concentration of protein, the use of which can have a negative effect on the organoleptic characteristics of wine. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of the sorption capacity of grape dietary fibers and activated carbons obtained from grape pomace on the protein of wine. The sorption capacity to protein of grape dietary fibers obtained by the author's method, differently purified, and activated carbons obtained from grape pomace has been studied. The assessment of the sorption ability of grape dietary fibers and activated carbons to protein was studied on a model mixture. Bentonite was used as a comparison sample. The control was a sample without the introduction of sorbents. The paper presents the appearance of model mixtures after their contact with various sorbents immediately after their application and with subsequent contact for 1, 2 and 20 hours. Grape dietary fibers a nd activated carbons showed high sorption capacity relative to the protein of the model medium. To increase the sorption capacity of grape dietary fibers, only water-alcohol solutions or hot water should be used in their production technology.

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A special place among the fruit and berry crops growing in the south of Russia is rightfully occupied by sea buckthorn, which has exceptional nutritional properties. The fruits of the sea buckthorn are a valuable source of biologically active substances. Due to the presence of vitamins, phenolic compounds and organic acids, it is classified as adaptogenic agents with pronounced antioxidant and anti-stress properties that normalize metabolic processes in the human body. Sea buckthorn juice increases antioxidant properties, the level of testosterone and hemoglobin in the blood. The fruits of the sea buckthorn are most often consumed in processed form. In recent years, sea buckthorn juices and their blends are very popular among the population, according to statistics. For the processing of sea buckthorn fruits, it is necessary to use enzyme preparations to intensify technological processes that contribute to the destruction of polysaccharides and biotransformation of biologically active substances. The effect of the enzyme preparation Trenolin Opti DF on the chemical quality indicators of juice from sea buckthorn fruits was investigated in the laboratory of storage and processing of fruits and berries. The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the juice yield and the height of the plant sediment was established. As a result of the experiments, the yield of biologically active substances was determined: vitamins C, P, E, polyphenols. It was found that it increased by 8-17 % after enzymatic hydrolysis with Trenolin Opti DF. Data on the content of the fractional composition of sugars were obtained. It was found that the yield of glucose and sucrose increased by more than 10%. Sea buckthorn varieties Donchanka, Moryachka and Syurpriz Baltiki, growing in the south of Russia, were selected for laboratory research.

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The research materials consider the results of an expert assessment of wine products made from grape varieties of domestic breeding, native, autochthonous varieties, domestic clones of introduced varieties, experimental varieties and forms of grapes, which participated in the tasting competition �Anticea-2021� (Krasnodar, Russia). Expert assessment of the quality of competitive samples was carried out on a 100-point system in accordance with the recommendations of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (O.I.V.) The jury of the competition included leading specialists from the largest wineries in the Krasnodar region, expert tasters, leaders of trade unions and associations. Samples of wine products made from grapes of more than 60 different varieties from the Republic of Dagestan, the Bryansk region, the Republic of Adygea, the Rostov region, the Stavropol region, the Republic of Crimea and the Krasnodar region were submitted to the competition. Grand Prix cups, gold and silver medals, as well as diplomas of participants were provided as awards. According to the results of the tasting competition �Anticea-2021�, participants were awarded with special diplomas in various categories: �For the consistently high quality of wine products named after. A.A. Merzhanian�, �For the introduction into production of varieties of NCFCHVV breeding named after. L.T. Kokhanova�, �For high culture in viticulture and winemaking named after K.A. Serpukhovitina�, �The best winemaker of a small form of business�, �For the promotion of varieties of Russian breeding�. All samples of wine products that participated in the competition were distinguished by special organoleptic properties and stood out for their originality. It is shown that the combination of high-qualityproducts, due to edaphoclimatic differences in the area and varietal characteristics of grapes, as well as production technologies, can help bring Russian winemaking to a more significant level of competition.