Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The features of method of the microfocus X-ray analysis to assess the quality of planting stock of grapes are studied.

Annotation

The article present the results of studies on the growth stimulating effect of the Chaetomium sp. on fungi the survival and development of grape sapling. In the study of a possible growthstimulating effect of p. Chaetomium sp is found that the survival of all grape varieties under study in the experiment exceeded the control variant. The best indicator is in the Dostoyny variety. The growth and development of saplings was better in the variant with the use of microorganisms. The average shoot length of the Kubanets grape variety in the experimental variants of 1 and 2 (100 ml/m2 and 200 ml/m2 of preparation) exceeded the control by 15.1 and 13.3 cm, respectively. In the Gordy variety, the difference between the control variant and the variants with the use of microorganisms was 12.8 and 16.5 cm. The smallest difference between these variants of experiment on the average growth length of shoots was noted in the Dostoyny variety. The study of the growth characteristics of the sapling root system in the variants with the introduction of preparation based on the fungus of the p. Chaetomium sp. showed that statistically significantly increases the total number of roots in the Dostoyny variety. In the Kubanets variety, a significant difference was noted only between option 1 and control. The Gordy variety on this index did not have a significant difference in the experimental options. The output of saplings that meet the quality standard, in variants using the preparation based on p. Chaetomium sp. microorganisms, compared with the control variant, the Dostoyny and Kubanets varieties were the largest, which in the industrial technology for the production of grafted saplings will have a significant economical effect. In terms of indicators, the most responsive to the use of the studied preparation were the varieties of Kubanets and Dostoyny.

Annotation

At the moment, there is no systemic scientific knowledge about the mechanisms of the influence of the grafted culture on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of grapes and wine production. Establishing the regularities of the influence of various norms of the grape bush load in own-rooted and grafted culture on the grape quality, as well as the aesthetic and biological value of wine products in conditions of terroir changing biotic properties, is very relevant at the current stage of development of the wine-making industry in Russia. The objects of research were grapes and wine material of the Krasnostop AZOS variety in grafted and own-rooted culture with variants of different shoot load on the bush. The experiment of studying the influence of various agrotechnical methods on the productivity of a grape plant and the quality of wine material was laid in the Anapo-Taman climatic zone of the Krasnodar region of Russia. The highest yield of the Krasnostop AZOS variety during the years of the study was obtained in the variant of own-rooted grape growing with its load of 36-40 shoots per bush. In our studies, there is a tendency to an in-crease in grape sugar content and a maintenance of the titratable acidity when the Krasnostop AZOS variety is growing on vineyards in own-rooted culture. The most optimal ratio of sugar content and titratable acidity in the experiment was possessed by grapes from a variant of own-rooted culture with a load of 36-40 shoots per bush � the glucoacedometric indicator was 4.36. In the studied variants, the largest number of phenolic substances was found in wine material from own-rooted grapes with a load of 36-40 shoots per bush � 4130 mg/dm3 . This had a positive effect on the organoleptic evaluation of this sample. The largest total amoun of biologically active substances in the studied samples was found in wine materials from grapes in a grafted culture (134.9-147.9 mg/dm3 ). During the years of study, wine materials from grapes of own-rooted culture proved to be of the highest quality. This advantage over the grafted crop was traced in all variants of rationing the shoot load of grape bushes.

Annotation

This article presents an analysis of the grape genetic resources at the global and Russian levels. In many countries of the world, the national programs for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources are developed and implemented. The work provides the information on the formation of common approaches to the use of existing bioresource collections in Russia and the creation of a unified information system. In addition, the results of the work on preserving the gene pool of grapes at the Anapa experimental station of viticulture and winemaking over the past two years are shown. A comparative analysis of the quantitative ratio of grape varieties growing in the other ampelographic collections is given. In particular, according to the number of samples, the Anapa ampelographic collection is the largest collection of grapes in Russia, in which there are the samples from thirty-two collections belonging to eighteen states of the world. Every year, the collection is replenished with an average of ten varieties. A comprehensive study of them is necessary to identify the patterns of adaptive reactions of grape varieties of various ecological and geographical origin to changing conditions of the growing season and the selection of donors and sources of breeding-valuable traits for use in the breeding. That is the preservation of the collect grape gene pool is a certain difficulty in connection with the different adaptive ability of the varieties under the other soil and climatic conditions that differ from the conditions of the previous cultivation. In this regard, this article provides the information on the relaying of the largest ampelographic collection in Russia, in which it is planned to replenish the gene pool of grapes with Kuban wild-growing forms that are of interest in the breeding.

Annotation

The effects of climate change and their impact on agriculture, including viticulture, have became an actual problem. Typical for Russian viticulture are low-temperature stresses in a winter, excessively high temperatures and an acute deficit of precipitation in summer. The studies were carried out on the Anapa (Anapa) and the Don (Novocherkassk) ampelographic collections, 350 km apart. In the Anapa region, a change in air temperature is accompanied by a change in the beginning of the grape vegetation phases at a later date. In the varieties of the Western European ecological-geographical group, there was a reduction in the period from bud break up to the beginning of flowering: in technical varieties for � 9 days, and in the table varieties � for 2 days. The period from the beginning of flowering to the beginning of ripening of berries was shorten for 3 days for technical varieties and for 6 days for table ones. A similar trend is for technical varieties of the eastern eco-geographical group. A tendency to reduce the period from bud break to the beginning of grape ripening for a period of 5 to 26 days has been found for varieties of Western European and Eastern groups as well as for group of the Black Sea coast. In the �Don� area, the beginning of bud blooming has not changed in only 2 varieties (Muscadel, Plavai), in other varieties it occurs 1-4 days earlier. The beginning of flowering did not change for Galan variety, but for Aligote variety it became 2 days later, in all other studied varieties this process began earlier up to 7 days. The duration of the period from the beginning of bud blooming to flowering in 3 varieties did not change, in 6 varieties increased in 1-3 days, for the other 14 varieties � decreased in 1-5 days.