Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

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Analys of the results of research on winter-hardiness of pear varieties in the specific climatic conditions of the mountains and foothills of the North Caucasus is presented in the article

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The article presents the results of an assessment of the sequestering potential of intensive type gardens for the subsequent use of data f or the purpose of recommendations on their involvement in agroclimatic projects. To date, on the basis of the available modern theoretical knowledge, as well as high-precision laboratory and analytical equipment, leading scientists around the world are monitoring organic carbon. And certain results have been achieved in this direction. Analysis of research by foreign scientists shows that perennial plantings have great potential for providing regulatory ecosystem services, such as the possibility of mitigating the effects of impending climate change due to carbon uptake by perennial plantings and increasing the sustainability of the agricultural industry. There is no doubt that there is an urgent need for careful step-by-step monitoring of organic carbon. In this regard, decarbonization is of strategic importance for agro-industrial regions focused on the intensification of the industry. To digitally assess the carbon sequestering ability, it is necessary to use all possible parts of the tree that fix carbon: leaves, wood of the main trunk of trees and branches cut annually, soil organic matter, including carbon of microbial biomass, as well as final products � fruits. This article presents materials that take into account the volume of fixed CO2 in the branches of trees subject to early spring pruning. Further development of agriculture in the republic may be associated with a large-scale transition of the crop industry, in general, and horticulture in particular to CCS-technologies (carbon capture and storage technologies). Such studies are designed to assist specialized professionals in making forecasts regarding the susceptibility of agricultural production to climate change in the future and indicate the available opportunities in overcoming emerging problems.

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The article presents the results of the analysis of long-term studies of the dynamics of the main climatic indexes over the past 35 years in the conditions of the foothill fruit zone of horticulture of the KabardinoBalkar Republic. Research data confirm that the climate of the region undergoes certain changes under the influence of global climate processes. It is established that changes in the local climate coincide with the nature and direction of general planetary problems. It is shown that changes in weather and climatic conditions over the past decades have led to the loss of many varieties their economic and biological value, which makes it necessary to carefully and comprehensively study the reaction of varieties to changing environmental conditions. The increase in the average annual temperature over the last decade by more than 1.5 ºC, and in the winter-spring period by almost 3 ºC is a sharp and significant increase. All this leads to an increase in the frequency and harmfulness of abiotic and biotic stresses in trees. Temperature drops in the autumn period have become more frequent, winters have become mild with prolonged thaws and returning cold, frosts have become stronger and more frequent, prolonged droughts, incessant heavy rainfalls, hailstorms or a combination of similar phenomena. The absence of adaptive varieties in the apple and pear assortment, which have a complex of economically valuable characteristics and properties, leads to a reduction in production yields, loss of quality of fruit products. In this regard, it is of paramount importance to study in detail the impact of global warming on the regional climate and its consequences for fruit crops. This studies are intended to assist dedicated experts in making forecasts about the future susceptibility of agriculture to climate change.

Annotation

The detail analysis of climatic changes in the North Caucasian region in particular in the foothills of Kabardino-Balkaria is conducted on basis of long-term data. The estimation of resistance of pear varieties to influence of abiotic and biotic stressors is given. The best varieties and forms of pear in according to biological potential of region specific conditions are selected