Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

At the present stage of studying the genetic grape resources, the DNA profiles addit the traditional ampelographic descriptions, agrobiological and economic characteristics of varieties and serve as a basis for reliable identification of genotypes, therefore, in order to solve the priority tasks of vine breeding, it is necessary to mobilize and conserve the genetic resources, with the creation of an electronic database. Ampelographic collections are very important in the preservation and use of the gene grape pool, in these collections the work is constantly carried out to introduce varieties, to study of their agrobiological, phonological and economic features, to identify the promising ones from them, and to select the donors for use in breeding work in order to obtain the new competitive varieties. In the Anapa ampelographic collection with the participation of the laboratory of variety study and preservation of the grape gene pool of NCFSCHVW the DNA-certification of grape varieties is carried out, a collection database has been created. Among the features of the software platform there is the search for samples in the database for a number of parameters, displaying a common list of samples and displaying the detailed information for each variety separately. Services for calculating and analyzing of agro-biological and phenological observations data, analyzing the safety of buds after wintering of plants according to bushplaces in an ampelocollection have been realized. The DNA certification was carried out for the grape varieties of AZESVW breeding � the branch of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW (10 varieties), the varieties of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW (9 varieties) and 4 well-known European varieties, which will be integrated into a united database. The obtained DNA-passports of varieties in practice can be effectively applied to determine the clean varieties in the planting material and in the grapes orchards, to define the parental forms of the sample, as well as in the disputed questions of the variety authorship.

Annotation

The purpose of this work is to determine the inheritance of genotypic traits and phenotypic features in the posterity of indigenous Daghestan grape varieties of Gimra and Asyl Kara, using as the example a new search was carried out with grape varieties from the Ampelographic collection of the Daghestan Selection Testing Station of Viticulture and Horticulture: as Gimra (Tavalinsky Ranniy), Asyl Kara (Kizlyar Cherny) and a new variety of Fioletta (Gimra � Asyl Kara). The culture of the grapes is on own roots and with use of irrigation. In the process of research the next methods were used: field study of phenological, morphological and biological features and phases of varieties development; the statistical variational analysis with determination of the reliability of the results; the laboratory method in which the genotyping of grape varieties was carried out by the following SSR-marker: VVS2, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVMD5, VrZAG62, VrZAG79. As a control for molecular analysis the Cabernet- Sauvignon was used in our work. The article presents the phenotypic features and DNA-passports of indigenous Daghestan varieties of Gimra and Asyl Kara and a new hybrid form obtained by hybridization of these varieties, named Fioletta, of the DSTSV&H breeding. The genetic commonality of the origin of the indigenous grape varieties studied, and the features of inheritance of phenotypic and genetic traits from parental forms are shown. It is noted in the article that the obtained DNA- passports of varieties can be effectively used to determine the clean varieties of planting material and grapes plantations of these varieties, and to determine the genetic proximity to one or another variety in the parent pair, and for the clarification of the parental forms of the sample, and also for the disputed questions of the authorship of the variety.

Annotation

Traditional ampelographic descriptions are supplemented by molecular genetic data in the study of the grape gene pool at the present time. The territory of Abkhazia is one of the centers of the cultivated grapes arising; many wild-growing forms and ancient native grape varieties are found here. Local native cultivars of different regions are the important part of world grape gene pool of Vitis vinifera. We performed the genotyping of Kachich grape plants, which can be qualify as the most famous local variety of Abkhazia. SSR markers recommended by the Union of Grape Genetics for genotyping of Vitis vinifera were used in the work: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, VrZAG79. Molecular genetic analysis was carried out performed by PCR using an ABI Prism 3130 automatic genetic analyzer. The objects of study are grape plants cultivated at three points in Abkhazia under the name �Kachich� and have morphological characteristics similar to the variety described in the USSR Ampelography. DNA analysis revealed that one of the analyzed samples is significantly different from the other two samples in microsatellite profiles. Thus, it can be argued that, in general, at least two different genotypes with similar morphological characteristics are grown under one name in Abkhazia, and, two other samples of the variety showed identical DNA profiles of plants. According to ampelographic features, these samples are closed to the description of the Kachich morphotype presented in ampelography. One of these samples grows in the collection of �Wines and Waters of Abkhazia� company and were planting with planted material from the ampelographic collection of the Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking �Magarach�. It can be concluded that we obtained the DNA profile of the Kachich genotype corresponding to the morphological description of the variety.

Annotation

The main grape varieties used as table varieties and for winemaking belong to the species Vitis vinifera L., which has a high quality of berries, but rather low resistance to diseases and frost. One of the donors of valuable features f or the breeding of grape varieties is the species of Vitis amurensis Rupr. For example, some V. amurensis genotypes carry the downy mildew resistance genes of Rpv10 and Rpv12. The aim of the work is to study the genetic potential of resistance to downy mildew by DNA-marker analysis of some hybrid forms obtained using Amur grapevines. The research was carried out on the DNA of twenty-one grape genotypes, created by F.I. Shatilov using V. amurensis, and preserved in the collection of A.Y. Nemytov (Orenburg Region). DNA extraction was carried out by CTAB method from herbalized young shoots of grape plants. In the work for identification gene Rpv10 the closely linked DNA marker GF09-46 was used to identify the Rpv12 gene � markers UDV360, UDV343, flanking the locus of resistance. Separation of reaction products and analysis of PCR fragment size were carried out using an automatic genetic analyzer. As control genotypes in the study the grape varieties those carriers the genes of Kunlean (Rpv12) and Saperavi Severnyi (Rpv10) were included. In two forms under the conventional names �Muscat Severniy No. 1� and �Hybrid form No. 3� the presence of genes Rpv12 and Rpv10 were revealed, respectively. These genotypes have a number of positive characteristics that are promising in the breeding of table grape varieties and can be considered as the sources o f valuable traits.

Annotation

Highly productivity protoclones of Saperavi grape are selected in the industrial plantings of grapes by method of clonal selection in the agro-climatic conditions of Taman. Protoclones characterized by high productivity of grapes, high quality vine production, have increased resistance to frost and pests