Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The results of research of biologically active substances influence, such as: Mival-Agro, gibbersib, "Krasnodar-1", furolan, "Universalnyi", Scaweead Mix., Stimolarte 66, Spruhdunger tipo 2, Spruhdunger tipo 27) on the yield of qualitative planting stone rootstocks VSL-2, Eurika 99, AP-1 are presented

Annotation

Apricot and peach are very valuable food products, especially apricot, which contains not only sugars, but also a large amount of carotene (up to 16 mg/100 g), phosphorus � 23 mg/kg and potassium � 259 mg/kg. The fruit contains many phenolic compounds (ferulic, n-coumaric, chlorogenic, caffeic and other acids), flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, isoquercitrin and others), vitamins A, B1, B2, PP, C, catechins, aromatic components. The stone contains amino acids, the enzyme emulsin, fatty oils, consisting of linoleic, oleic acids, glycerides. At the same time, there are practically no industrial plantings of these crops in Belarus. And one of the reasons is the lack of planting material that can guarantee the producers a stable yield. It is required to develop methods for express assessment of the compatibility of rootstocks and grafts. The article presents the results of a study of 24 graft-rootstock combinations of apricot and peach in a nursery (2019-2020) for a number of biochemical parameters characterizing the physiological state of plants and, as a consequence, the compatibility of the rootstock and graft at the stage of growing planting material in a fruit nursery. The content of RNA and DNA (using a set of reagents �ArtRNAminiSpin�) and their ratio for 4 clonal rootstocks and 24 graft-rootstock combinations of peach and apricot were determined, on the basis of which the coefficients of compatibility were calculated, which made it possible to distinguish three groups: good compatibility; medium compatibility; poor compatibility. The change in the content of chlorophyll and phenolic compounds in dynamics, the content of starch in the roots of annual seedlings, which is also an indicator of the interaction of graft-rootstock combinations, has been established.

Annotation

Scientific-based use of clonal rootstocks of fruit crops is one of defining factors of increase in efficiency of horticulture and providing the competitiveness of domestic products. According to the Agreement for creative cooperation, in RUE �Institute of Fruit Growing� (Belarus) the apple rootstocks NC (North Caucasus) series of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making breeding are tested. According to the opinion of authors and other researchers, these rootstocks are characterized by a positive impact the adaptability and productivity of grafted varieties. The article presents the results of evaluation of economic and biological apple rootstocks properties of NCFSCHVW breeding in the maternal rootstocks plantings, in the fields of nursery formation and in the garden. On the most of the indicators the dwarf rootstocks of �� 3 and �� 4 is close to the standard � 62-396; the advantage of �� 4 rootstock is identified by productivity of the maternal bush (8.1 compared with 7.5 pieces/mat. bush). The condition of Imant apple trees for 10 years after planting in the garden was better on the rootstocks of �� 3 (3.7 points) and �� 4 (4.2 points) than on the control rootstock of 62-396 (3.0 points). Safety of trees on the 62-396 rootstock was 83.3 %, on the rootstocks of 54-118, �� 2, �� 4 � 100 %, on �� 3 rootstock �92.0 %. The assessment of the trees strength in the soil (anchorage) showed that 50 % of Imant trees on 62-396 dwarf rootstock have a slope of 1.0 points (weak slope of the tree), on the �� rootstock the share of trees with a slope of 1.0 points was less � up to 33 %. The income of the sale of fruits on the �� 4 rootstock was more than on the 62-396 rootstock (16 660 and 16 100 rubles/ha) due to better preservation of trees and higher marketability of fruits.