Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

As a result of the long-term work at All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, the apple assortment substantially increased in the central zone of Russia. The cultivars of Veteran, Orlik, Orlovskoye Polosatoye, Sinap Orlovsky, etc. are wide spread. Scab immune cultivars have been released; their resistance is controlled by Rvi6: Imrus, Veniaminovskoye, Bolotovskoye, Zdorovie, Kandil Orlovsky, Solnyshko and Svezhest. These cultivars have winter maturation and are wide used in commercial and home gardens of the Central Chernozem Zone. The assortment was replenished with new winter apple cultivars that combine a scab immunity (Rvi6) with a triploid chromosome set (3x), including the varieties of Aleksandr Boiko, Vavilovskoye and Rozhdestvenskoy and the summer apple varieties, including Zhilinskoye, Maslovskoye and Yablochny Spas. The results of the study of the major economical and biological characteristics of Academician Saveliev (ELS 31-36-149) apple cultivar accepted for the state test are given. This cultivar was obtained as a result of the target crossing Veniaminovskoye x 25-35-144 (Wealthy tetraploid x Papirovka tetraploid). The study was carried out on the plot of the primary study of Institute in 2010-2017 where the studied selected and elite seedlings were grafted in the crown of 3-4-98. The scheme of planting was 4m x 2m. The study was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methodology of variety investigation and winter hardiness study in the field and laboratory. It is established that the triploid cultivar of Academician Saveliev is superior to the control of Antonovka Obyknovenna-ya in fast fruit bearing, yield capacity, and the regularity of fruiting. This new apple variety is resistant to scab, winter hardy in Orel Region, and bears high-marketable fruits of winter ripening.

Annotation

Laboratory and field datas on study of phenological, morphological, biochemical and technological fruits features of different chromosomal apple-tree forms with higher rates of ecological safety are presented

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The laboratory and field data on studying of genetic and agrobiological features of an apple-tree genotypes are given. Donors of immunity to scab of the apple-trees possessing a complex of basic economically valuable traits are allocated

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New donors and complex donors of significant signs of an apple-tree are allocated on the basis of received new knowledge on formation and display of valuable selection signs

Annotation

Today, the production of Russian apple juice concentrate from domestic raw material provides the needs of the juice industry no more than 21 %. Restoration of the domestic raw material base of the juice production is the most important task, the solution of which is impossible without expanding the areas under the intensive plantations laid using the specially selected immune or scab-resistant varieties guaranteed for stable production of environmentally safe and inexpensive raw material. Our research was directed to study the suitability of immune and scab-resistant apple varieties and hybrids of the Institute of Breeding Fruit Crops for juice production, the selection among them the best varieties with chemical and technological qualities of fruits prom-ising for cultivation in the raw gardens and using in breeding for high technological qualities of fruits. Apple cultivars of Institute Of Fruit Crop Breeding have been assessed for juice output and quality of natural juice from fruits. When selecting the cultivars for juice production we took into consideration not only juice output but also the contents of soluble dry substances, sum of sugars, titrate acidity and P-active substances. General taste estimation was given to the juice obtained from apple fruits of different dates of maturing. As a result of the long-term breeding work two apple cultivars, Zaryanka and Sokovinka, have been released from the family of Antonovka Krasnobochka x SR 0523 for juice production. Zaryanka has been included in the State Register of Breed-ing Achievements Admitted for Use (regionalized) and Sokovinka is suggested for state testing. These cultivars exceed control Antonovka Obyknovennaya in juice output and taste marking of juice, according to our experiments.