Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of pollinating varieties on bunch density and uvological indicators of the Crimean autochthonous grape variety Kefesia. The work was carried out in OOO "Kachinsky +" in 2020-2021. Planting year � 2015, planting scheme 3×2, varieties were planted according to the scheme � 2 rows of Kefesiya variety alternated with 1 row of pollinating variety (Moldova, Bastardo Magarachsky) in squares 1, 2 of 2,0 hectares in area. The total number of Kefesiya variety bushes is 982 pcs. Studies of uvological characteristics of the autochthonous variety Kefesia depending on pollinator variety showed that the bushes pollinated with the Moldova variety form larger bunches, more seeds are set, exceeding these figures compared to other variants of pollinators when cultivating the Kefesia variety. In all studied combinations of Kefesia variety, parthenocarpic berries are formed in bunches. When Kefesia variety is pollinated with pollen from the Moldova variety, the number of seeds in the bunch averaged 205.3 pieces, which is 45.2 % more in bunches formed under the influence of pollinator variety Bastardo Magarachsky, and by 76.5 % more than in bunches of Kefesia variety without pollination. The pollinator varieties Moldova and Bastardo Magarachsky influence the changes in the indicators �average bunch weight�, �number of berries in the bunch�, �number of seeds in the bunch�, �weight of 100 berries�. The Moldova variety demonstrates the greatest efficiency of pollination and is recommended as a pollinator for the Kefesia variety in the production plantations of the Republic of Crimea.

Annotation

Phenological observations of plants varieties development in the various zones of cultivation have a great scientific and practical significance and are an indispensable element of industrial and biological study of grapes varieties. The purpose of this work is to reveal the peculiarities of the passage of phenophases by Crimean autochthonous grapes varieties in the conditions of the mountain-valley Crimea. The article presents the results of observations and study of the main phe-nological phases of 11 varieties of Crimean grapes with black berries and white berries under the soil and climatic conditions of LLC "Solnechnaya Dolina". As a control, Rkatsiteli and Cabernet Sauvignon are taken. The earliest blossoming of buds among black grapes varieties was noted for Crohna variety � 23.04. Among varieties with white berries, the early date of budding is established for the Sary Pandas variety � 22.04. Among the varieties with black berries t he Crohna blossomed early of all (03.06), among the white-flowered varieties the earliest bloom was found for the varieties of Sary Pandas and Kok Pandas (04.06). The results of three-year studying show that, with an average spread of 5 to 8 days, the average flowering of the grapes plants is within seven days. There is an equal period from the beginning of bud blossoming to the beginning of flowering (43-45 days), and only for the control variety of Cabernet Sauvignon it reaches 46 days. It has been established that the grapes varieties studied for the duration of the growing season (from the beginning of bud budding to industrial fruit fullness) are medium-late (147-155 days). The sum of the active tem-peratures at this stage of plant development is 578-638 �C.

Annotation

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of pollinating varieties on bunch density and uvological indicators of Crimean autochthonous grape variety �Kefesiya�. The work was carried out in the �Morskoye� � branch of AO �PKSC �Massandra� in 2019-2020. Planting year � 2002, planting scheme 3×2 (2), varieties were planted according to the scheme � 2 rows of �Kefesiya� alternated with 1 row of pollinating variety (�Muscat Rose�, �Cabernet-Sauvignon�, �Gevat Kara�) in squares 1, 2, 3 of 1,31 hectares in area. The total number of �Kefesiya� bushes is 770 pcs. The studies of �Kefesiya� grape uvological indicators in terms of pollinating variety show that larger bunches (512.0-606.6 g) grow on bushes pollinated with �Muscat Rose�, number of set seeds is larger (542.0-631.4 pcs.), exceeding same indicators in other pollinating variants in the process of cultivating the �Kefesiya� variety. The parthenocarpic berries were registered in bunches of all studied combinations of �Kefesiya� cultivation. At the same time, the proportion of normally set berries accounts for 89.85-93.55%, depending on the combination: leading variety � pollinating variety. However, the �Kefesiya� grape bunches in combination with �Muscat Rose� as a pollinator give the amount of normally developed berries by 3.7-2.35 % higher than that in �Kefesiya� bunches (pollinating variety �Cabernet- Sauvignon�) and �Kefesiya� bunches (pollinating variety �Gevat Kara�). Pollinating varieties �Muscat Rose�, �Cabernet-Sauvignon� and �Gevat Kara�, alternating with leading �Kefesiya� variety in the production plot, have an impact on such indicators as: bunch length and width, average bunch weight, number of berries per bunch, number of seeds per bunch, weight of 100 berries, percentage value of juice and pulp in the total bunch weight.

Annotation

The paper presents the results of the study of the influence of phylloxer-resistant rootstocks Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5BB and Berlandieri × Riparia Teleki 4B (CO4) on the agrobiological and uvological parameters of clones of the Semillon technical grape variety in the Alushta Valley (Alushta branch of JSC PJSC Massandra). For the research, the following plots were taken: plot No. 92, with an area of 1.12 ha, where the Semillon 173 grape clone bushes grow, grafted on the Berlandieri × Riparia Kober 5 BB rootstock (2008 planting year, scheme 3m ×1.0 m) and plot No. 91, with an area of 0.72 ha, where the Semillon 299 clone plants are cultivated, grafted on the Berlandieri × Riparia Teleki 4B (CO4) rootstock � 2008 planting year, scheme 3.0 m × 1.0 m) on both plots the bush management system is a vertical three � wire trellis, forming AZOS-1, the height of the stem is 1.3 m. The study of uvological and agrobiological indicators of Semillon clones on various rootstocks showed that plants in the Semillon 299 variety � double combination (CO4 rootstock) had a high level of fruiting coefficient (0.92), rather large bunches (277.0 g), the average yield from the bush was 3.6 kg/bush, high shoot productivity by the raw mass of the bunch � 254.9 g/shoot, the percentage of pulp and juice yield � 76.91 Tasting evaluation of wine material (7.71 score) allows you to recommend a clone for the production of table wines.