Thematic electronic scientific online journal NCFSCHVW

Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia



Ulyanovskaya Elena


Doctor of Agricultural Sciences

Articles in journal: (total 38)

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508 Кб
11 с.
Physiology and biochemistry of plants
Date posted: 20.01.2021
UDC: 581.1
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-151-161
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, PLOIDY, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES, RESISTANCE

Annotation

This work provides a comparison results of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of two apple cultivars different ploidy Soyuz (2n=3x) and Prikubanskoe (2n=2x). We studied the content of protein, lignin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the level of peroxidase activity in annual shoots and leaves, as well as the content of nucleic acids in mature seeds. We found that the triploid of Soyuz is characterized by higher average values for almost parameters studied and their lower variability unlike the diploid of Prikubanskoe. At the same time, statistically significant differences were obtained by the content of protein and nucleic acids in the shoots and the seeds, respectively. The Soyuz variety, as a triploid, had higher values of these characteristics. On the other hand, Soyuz apple variety had the lower degree of resistance to winter temperatures compared to Prikubanskoe. It was determined by the lower activity of peroxidase, one of the antioxidant enzymes protector of plants under stress conditions and by the higher content of MDA, which is a product of lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. Our studies showed that the Soyuz apple variety, despite the relative stability of physiological characteristics in the summer months of study have, had the low level of stress tolerance compared to the Prikubanskoe variety in the winter period.

How to cite
Mishko A., Plotnikov V., Nenko N., Ulyanovskaya E. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT PLOIDY APPLE CULTIVARS [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. № 67(1). pp. 151–161. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/01/11.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-1-67-151-161 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
799 Кб
15 с.
Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection
Date posted: 20.07.2021
UDC: 634.1:631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-4-70-1-15
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, GRADE, ELITE FORM, SUSTAINABILITY

Annotation

The studies were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted and developed at the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW programs and methods of breeding and variety study. The objects of research are apple varieties and forms (Malus x domestica Borkh.) of different ploidy and genetic origin. According to the data of long-term studies (2015-2021) cytological analysis of 54 apple genotypes of various ploidy and genetic origin was found that diploids have the highest rates of pollen viability (X av. = 70 %; X max = 98 %; X min = 32 %), low indicators of pollen quality in triploids (X av. = 28 %; X max = 16 %; X min = 8 %), and tetraploid initial forms fall in between. According to the obtained pollen quality assessment data, the best indicators were found in apple varieties: Vasilisa, Zolotoe Letnee, Carmen, Piros, Rassvet, Talida, Talisman, Ariva, Liberty, Sirius, Orfey, Fuji, Topaz, Granatovoe, Fortuna, Prestig, Renet Simirenko, Eliza, Kameo, 29-5-49, 12 / 2-20-34 and others; krebs: Imperial Pavla, Ketney, Piotosh, Gertruda, John Downie and others (55-98 %). The most promising varieties have been identified (taking into account the timing and duration of the flowering period, the degree of pollen viability): Gertruda, John Downie, Ketney, Lubimoe Dutovoi, Zheltozelene, Nikita, Imperial Pavla, Victoria, Risling Krasnyy, Virginia, Feya, Floorking, etc. as pollinators for varieties most common in industrial horticulture, as well as valuable paternal forms when hybridizing in various breeding programs.

How to cite
Ulyanovskaya E., Belenko E., Bogdanovich T. CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF APPLE COLLECTION SAMPLES SOURCES OF VALUABLE SIGNS FOR BREEDING [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. № 70(4). pp. 1–15. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/04/01.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-4-70-1-15 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
567 Кб
14 с.
Physiology and biochemistry of plants
Date posted: 20.07.2021
UDC: 581 : 576.5 : 634.224
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-4-70-115-128
Keywords: APPLE, ADAPTATION, DROUGHT, SUMMER PERIOD, OSMOTIC REGULATION, STRESS

Annotation

The adverse effect of temperature fluctuations during the summer affects the productivity and yield of the apple tree, which actualizes the need for breeding for adaptability and increasing resistance to abiotic stress factors. Physiological and biochemical studies disclose the mechanisms of a protective response to the action of stressors. The purpose of this work is to study the peculiarities of the physiological and biochemical response of the various types of apple trees on the stressful conditions of the summer period, allocate the most stable varieties for use in breeding purposes. Objects of research 6 varieties of apple trees of various ecological and geographical origin: Idared, Interprais (USA), Ligol (Poland), Orfey, Prikubanskoe (Russia, NCFSCHVW), Florina (France). It is shown that a decrease in the content of water-soluble sugars is associated with the oppression of assimilative processes in the leafy tissues against the background of the action of elevated temperatures and the lack of precipitation. It has been established that in varieties Interprais and Orfey content of the proline increased during the summer in 1.7-2.9 times, indicating active participation in osmotic regulation. The content of abscise acid increased during the period of elevated temperatures and droughts in Florina, Orfey and Idared varieties in 1.21-2.08 times depending on the variety indicating the participation of this phytohormone in osmotic adjustment. The largest contribution of organic acids in osmotic regulation is marked at the Orfey and Prikubanskoe varieties. The smallest heat resistance defined by the leakage of electrolytes is marked at Florina, Idared and Ligol varieties. Based on the generalized data, apple tree varieties Interprais, Orfey and Prikbanskanskoe showed themselves more adaptive in comparison with other studied varieties in the summer of 2020. The obtained results are of interest for using them in breeding purposes as a diagnostic indicators of the degree of resistance to the stress of the summer period.

How to cite
Nenko N., Kiseleva G., Ulyanovskaya E., Karavaeva A., Shalyaho T. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MECHANISMS OF RESPONSE OF APPLE VARIETIES ON THE HEAT AND DROUGHT [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2021. № 70(4). pp. 115–128. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/21/04/11.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2021-4-70-115-128 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
402 Кб
14 с.
Physiology and biochemistry of plants
Date posted: 20.11.2022
UDC: 581 : 576.5 : 634.224
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2022-6-78-287-300
Keywords: APPLE, VARIETY, ADAPTABILITY, WINTER HARDINESS, WATER-SOLUBLE SUGARS, PROTEIN, ANTHOCYANINS

Annotation

In recent years, obtaining stable high yields of apple trees is limited by the impact of unfavorable factors of the winter period, including those resulting from local climate change. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the adaptation stability of the apple tree to winter stress on physiological and biochemical parameters, allocate the most stable varieties for the cultivation in the conditions of the Krasnodar region. Objects of research were the varieties of apple trees of various ecologic-geographical origin: Orfey, Idadred, Ligol, Prikubanskoye. Comparative studies of these varieties in the parameters of the water regime, the content of water-soluble sugars, soluble proteins, anthocyanins during the winter periods of 2020-2022 were carried out. It was revealed that the studied varieties of an apple tree in the conditions of an unstable climate of the South of Russia implement a similar mechanism for the formation of winter hardiness, which has quantitative differences in the content of some metabolites in the pre-winter and winter periods. It has been established that the cryoprotective function of water-soluble sugars has manifested as much as possible in the varieties Orfey and Ligol, their content increased by 2.57 and 2.69 times, respectively. Soluble proteins have made the greatest contribution to the formation of a protective response in varieties Orfey and Prikubanskoye in January, their content increased by 1.78 and 1.92 times, respectively, compared to December. The protective function of the anthocyanians was maximally manifested in December in the Orfey variety, in the bark of which there was an increase in their content by 5.23 times. The physiological and biochemical adaptation of the apple trees to the low temperatures of the winter period is achieved by increasing the fraction of the bound water in the total water content, increase the content of water-soluble sugars, proteins and anthocyanins in the bark and buds. According to the obtained data, the apple tree varieties Orfey and Prikubanskoe proved to be more adaptive in comparison with other studied varieties in the conditions of the pre-winter and winter periods and are recommended for cultivation in the Krasnodar region.

How to cite
Kiseleva G., Ulyanovskaya E., Karavaeva A., Shalyaho T. ADAPTIVE STABILITY OF THE APPLE TREE IN THE CONDITIONS OF A CHANGING CLIMATE [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2022. № 78(6). pp. 287–300. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/22/06/19.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2022-6-78-287-300 (request date: 28.03.2024).
pdf
587 Кб
18 с.
Genetic Resources, Cultivar, selection
Date posted: 21.09.2020
UDC: 634.1:631.52
DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-5-65-1-18
Keywords: APPLE-TREE, VARIETY, IMMUNITY, RESISTANCE TO SCAB, SUMMER PERIOD OF RIPENING

Annotation

The article provides a description of new domestic apple varieties of early summer and summer ripening, included ones in the State Register of selection achievements approved for use in the North Caucasus (6) region: Union (breeds FSBSI North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making, together with FSBSI All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding) and Fortuna, Feya and Zolotoe Letnee (breeding of North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making). The studies were carried out in accordance with the generally accepted and developed by the employees of the Selection Center of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW programs and methods of selection and variety study of fruit crops. Objects of research are the apple varieties of different ploidy and various genetic origin. It is presented a pomological characteristic of 4 new apple varieties of Zolotoe Letnee, Soyus, Feya, Fortuna, including the origin of variety, distribution, ploidy, variety status, ripening period, economic and biological characteristics, detailed morphological characteristics, cytological features, the main advantages and disadvantages of the variety, the main distinctive signs, as well as the originators and authors of the variety are indicated. The main features of new domestic Zoned apple varieties that are valuable for varietal testing are described. According to the results of research carried out the new apple varieties are promising for use in breeding and in industrial and home gardening of the Southern region of Russia. The Soyuz apple variety combining immunity to scab, drought tolerance, high yield (up to 56 t/ga on MM106 rootstosk), large size of fruits (up to 355 g), dessert fruit taste (tasting grade of 4,8-4,9 points).

How to cite
Ulyanovskaya E. SUMMER APPLE VARIETIES: SOUZ, ZOLOTOE LETNEE, FEUA, FORTUNA [Electronic resource] // Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia. 2020. № 65(5). pp. 1–18. URL: http://journalkubansad.ru/pdf/20/05/01.pdf. DOI: 10.30679/2219-5335-2020-5-65-1-18 (request date: 28.03.2024).