Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Prichko Tatiana
Articles in journal: (total 42)
The aim of the research is to study the quality of fresh berries of table grapes for keeping their quality, depending on varietal characteristics and post-harvest treatments with SmartFresh. The article presents the results of storage of table grapes of Moldova, Podarok Zaporozh'yu, Nizina, grown in the Krasnodar Region. The grapes were treated after harvesting with a SmartFresh preparation in a closed chamber for 24 hours and stored under normal atmosphere conditions at a temperature of + 1-2 ºC and a relative humidity of 90-95 %. It is established that carrying out post-harvest treatments with SmartFresh makes it possible to better preserve the commercial qualities of grapes. It is shown that the Moldova and Nizina varieties have a high biological leaveness. In post-harvest grapes treatments with SmartFresh, the ripening of grapes went slower, and the dry matter content in berries was 18-28 % less than in the control bunches. The use of the SmartFresh inhibited the synthesis of ethylene: during storage a slight increase in ethylene in the processed variants was observed in 1,3-2,2 times, in a control much more in 5,5-11,6 times. The level of intensity of ethylene extrac-tion after three months of storage in the processed bunches of grapes is 2,5 times lower (variety of Nizina), 4,7 times (Podarok Zaporozh'yu) and 6,3 times (Moldova), than in a control. From the materials presented in the article, the conclusion follows that the use of post-harvest treatments of grapes with the SmartFresh preparation ensures a long-term preservation of its commercial qualities and the high biological value when stored under normal conditions.
The comparative estimation of the chemical compound of the apple-tree fruits which have been grown up in the conditions of the central zone of Krasnodar territory, depending on weather conditions of the vegetation period is presented. The obtained data has allowed to develop interrelation models between accumulation RSV, sugars, ascorbic acid, the general pol-yphenols, natural antioxidants and weather conditions of the period of vegetation of an apple-tree
The article presents the results of a 2-year experimental study of the effect of biomodified fertilizers on the yield capacity and quality of early peach fruits Spring Gold in the central zone of the region (Krasnodar). Orchard planted in 2009. Medium-sized trees are formed according to the improved bowl system. The variety of American breeding (Spring Gold) is characterized by high taste qualities, average fruit size, rounded shape with a red blush, yellow flesh and juiciness, as well as sensitivity to spring frosts. Trees of this variety are also demanding on the level of soil fertility. Biomineral fertilizers introduced into the soil in early spring 2021, which have a biomodifier based on a strain of rhizospheric aerobic bacteria Bacillus subtilis (BMF) in their composition, mainly contributed to an increase in the content of mobile forms of phosphorus in the soil compared to the variant without fertilizers by 7.3-8.5 %, as well as the content of total phosphorus in peach leaves in comparison with the control variant by 24 %. In the variant with the introduction of BMF, the increase in the efficiency of microbial cenosis metabolism was observed, accompanied by an increase in the biological activity of the soil (BR and Cmic). A morphological study of generative buds and peach pollen, due to significant fluctuations in air temperature in the winter-spring period, did not reveal any damage to the analyzed samples. The yield capacity level of peach variety Spring Gold in the control variant (without fertilizers) was set at 34.6 and 35.1 kg/tree for this design of plantings in 2021-2022. Productivity against the background of the application of BMF was significantly higher: 41.6 and 44.8 kg/tree. At the stage of removable maturity, in accordance with GOST 34340-2017, the bulk of the fruits belong to the parameters of the highest and first commercial grades. The range of variation of such indicators as the size and weight of the fruit was much wider in the control variant. The content of solids in fruits was established not exceeding 10.2%, and sugars ≤ 5.7 %, which is typical for the group of varieties of ultra-early ripening. Against the background of the application of BMF, the content of biologically valuable substances in the fruits vitamin C and vitamin P was higher in comparison with the control variant by 5.2 and 48.5%, respectively.
The material presented in the article characterizes the seasonal dynamics of the chemical composition of apples on application of foliar dressing of water solutions of special complex fertilizers. The relevance of the research is related to the problem of forming a balanced chemical composition of fruits intended for long-term storage in the conditions of abiotic stresses of the spring-summer period. The main aim of the work is to identify the seasonal dynamics of the formation of the chemical composition of the intensive apple varieties fruits of the NCFSCHVW breeding due to leaf-feeding dressing and its dependence on the nutritional quality of crop. The field experiment was conducted n 2016-2018 in the central zone of the Krasnodar region (experimental production farm "Centralnoye", Krasnodar) in fruit-bearing apple plantations of varieties Prikubanskoe and Renet Kubanskiy grafted on rootstock SK4 and which were planted in 2009.As a result of studies, it was revealed that the use of leaf-feeding dressing with nutrient salts contributed to the activation of biological processes and the stabilization of the plants functional state of against the background of abiotic stresses in these edaphoclimatic conditions of the region. The relationship between the nutritional quality of the apple tree and the chemical composition of the fruits is determined. Seasonal changes in the quality of crop nutrition under the influence of a special agricultural method had a significant impact on the content of nitrogen, calcium, potassium and magnesium in the growing apple fruits. The analysis of the fruits mineral balance, which determines their suitability for long-term storage in the refrigerator, did not reveal a negative effect of plant treatments with water solutions of nutrient salts on the keeping properties of apples. Highly marketable production yield in the variant with the use of foliar dressing significantly exceeded the number of fruits of higher and first commercial varieties in the control version.
Data on influence of environmental factors on fruit plants are analyzed in the article, the results of researching of efficiency of influence agriculture and technological methods in modern horticulture on the quality of fruit ripening in adverse weather conditions in south of Russia are presented