Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The introduction of digital technologies in agriculture is becoming relevant, as well as in other industry branches. Dig-ital technology is essential for gardeners to optimize productivity, increase in manageability of horticultural operations, and increase profitability. Currently, in Russia only 10 % of the land is cultivated using the digital technologies, the non-use of new technologies leads to a loss of up to 40 % of the crop. Considering the need to overcome the technological lag behind developed countries, it is assumed that the share of the digital technology market in agriculture will grow every year, and to 2026 the market of information and computer technologies in the industry should grow at least in five times. The Ministry of Agriculture intend to confirm the Digital Agriculture program at the government level for its inclusion in the Digital Economy program. All the achievements in the world in the field of digital technology, from robot-farmers to automated green-houses, may become the part of the future, when in 2050 almost 10 billion people will live on the planet, and therefore the world needs to increase food production to meet needs of the population, and perhaps just new digital technologies will help to achieve this goal. The use of robot technics in the production of fruit crops will lead to the possibility of planting more intensive gardens with a compacted scheme and the corresponding formation of tree crowns for the convenience of managing the processes in the garden, which will ensure high yield. The article presents a brief analysis of literary sources on modern digital technologies and examines the recent global developments in the field of precision gardening and the advantages of their implementation.

Annotation

In vitro micropropagation of garden strawberry and the establishment of micropropagation protocols are important tools for obtaining large quantities of planting material. In recent years, significant efforts have been made to propagate berry crops in vitro in order to obtain virus-free plants of high quality. However, despite the large number of studies on micropropagation of garden strawberry, the modification of the main method remains relevant today, since each variety has its own specific requirements for in vitro cultivation conditions. In this regard, the purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of clonal micropropagation of garden strawberry variety Malvina. As a result of the work carried out, it was noted that it is effective to use a 0.5 % aqueous solution of OKA-TAB disinfectant tablets for sanitation of strawberry explants of the Malvina variety (exposure 5 minutes). The processing efficiency was 82.5 %. It has been established that at the stage of micropropagation of the strawberry variety Malvina, it is most effective to use the Murashige-Skoog medium with a kinetin content of 1.0 mg/l, which allows to obtain up to 15 shoots per explant. It was revealed that the strawberry root formation proceeds effectively on a hormone-free environment, in which from 4 to 6 roots are formed, the percentage of root formation was 95 %. The use of the microbiological preparation �EM Bio� at the stage of acclimatization of garden strawberry microplants to non-sterile ex vitro conditions contributed to an increase in the intensity of vegetative growth by 45-50 %. The plants had a stronger root system (56 % longer than in the control), and a higher adaptive capacity to ex vitro conditions.

Annotation

The article presents the results of evaluating the efficiency of propagation of garden strawberry varieties under in vitro conditions. The paper compared the strawberry varieties of the Italian selection Asia, Cleri, Quicky and the varieties of the selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW Nelli, Taira and Kemia. At the stage of introduction into in vitro culture, the Nelly varieties have a high level of regeneration � 80 %, Kemia and Asia � 73 %, Taira � 70 %, Clery � 62 %. The survival rate of explants Quicky variety was 34 %. A gradual increase in the concentration of 6-BAP during strawberry micropropagation increases the formation of strawberry shoots with each passage. An increase in the concentration of 6-BAP to 0.75 mg/l at the second passage contributes to an increase in the number of shoots by 1.5-2.7 times, depending on the genotype, and is 3.5-10.2 shoots. Increasing the concentration of 6-BAP to 1.0 mg/l at the third passage increases the number of shoots formed by another 8.9-31.4 % compared with the second passage and amounts to 5.1-11.3 shoots, depending on the variety. Thus, the varieties Taira, Nelli and Asia have a high breeding efficiency under aseptic conditions, on media with different hormonal composition, in total 22.7-26.0 microshoots per 3 passages, the average � varieties Clery and Kemiya � 13.7-14.8 shoots, low � variety Quicky � 10.7. The efficiency of rhizogenesis of regenerated plants of the studied strawberry varieties on a hormone-free Murashige-Skoog medium with half the content of macrosalts is 95-98 %. The successful rate of adaptation of microplants of the studied varieties ranges from 87 to 95 %.