Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The purpose of work is allocation of the fruits of plum varieties most valuable on quality for their use in breeding work on creation of new form of varieties, possessing the high technological and flavoring qualities. The results of studying of biochemical composition of plum fruits of various varieties with use of well known methods of research are presented in the article. Influence of the content of sugars, acids, sugar-acid index, ascorbic acid and P-active agents on taste quality of plum fruits is shown. Depending on variety and also cultivation�s conditions the plum fruits contain 10-20% of sugars, 0,4-2,0% of acids, 10-20% of solids, 0,3-2,5 mg / 100g of pectin substances, 15-20 mg / 100g of vitamin C, to 80-100 mg / 100g of P-active agents, to 400 mg / 100g of anthocyanins. On the basis of complex of technical and biochemical evaluations of fruits quality, the most valuable nutritionally and technologically plum varieties were allocated: Chachakskaya improved, Chachakskaya late, Stanley, Milena, Krasnodarskaya, Valevka, Podruga, Krasotka, Gertsog. These forms of varieties have the large size of fruits, the high tasting estimates and they contain the high amount of sugars, acids, vitamins and they differ by optimum sugar-acid index. These varieties are recommended for expansion of existing industrial assortment of plum domestic in the Krasnodar Region and for use in the breeding work.

Annotation

The purpose of research� is to define the efficiency of a new preparation of Antifreese with a complex of biologically active agents for decrease of stressful influence on plants of weather conditions and receiving of high-quality fruits production. The conducted research allows to optimize the mode of application of Antifreeze of a Natural Origin (ANO) on sweet cherry of Kavkazskaya variety. Under the conditions of abnormally hot spring the ANO preparation used in the form of not root feeding of plants in a phase of formation of buds and blooming flowers (for 50-60 %) promoted the increase of sweet cherry ovary for 11,2-19,8 % in comparison with control variant. The increase of sweet cherry mass at 21,6 % is the other effect. This effect had a positive impact on commodity qualities of production. It is established by biochemical research that Antifreeze of Natural Origin had positive impact on accumulation of soluble solids, sugars and organic acids in the fruits, their quantity increased on 4-5%. The increase in the content of vitamin C at 16% and strengthening of color intensity of sweet cherries on 5 %, that allowed to receive fruits with high biochemical indicators of quality, was observed. The conclusion follows that Antifreeze is an additional means to correct the accumulation of antioxidants, and it has a positively affect on improvement of biological and nutritional value of fruits and their consumer qualities.

Annotation

The purpose of research was studying of the commodity qualities and chemical composition of apple-tree fruits of late maturing introduced varieties and varieties of Institute breeding which are grown up under the conditions of the South of Russia. It is noted that the special importance have the questions of improvement of vitamin provision of the population due to consumption of the fruits with the high content of ascorbic acid. In research there were 10 apples varieties, among which 4 varieties of N�RRIH&V (Kubanskoe Bagryanoe, Prikubanskoye, Margo, Orphey). The research of indicators of fruit's chemical composition were carrying out using the standard techniques. Data on the content of soluble solids, sugars, acids and vitamins in the fruits of studied apple-tree's varieties are presented in this article. It is established that Granny Smit (220 g) and Prikubanskoye (205 g) apple varieties have the maximum mass of a fruit. The high content of soluble solids is typical for varieties of Institute breeding of Margo (14,0%), Orphey (15,5%), and also for the introduced Champion's variety (14,0%). The fruits of these varieties have also the high accumulation of sugars: the general content of sugars in 1,3 times higher than at the zoned Idared's variety. The highest amount of fructose (5,4%) and the minimum quantity of sucrose are noted in the apples of Margo of Institute breeding, that allow you to allocate Margo apple-tree in a group of the varieties possessing the valuable treatment-and-prophylactic qualities. The total content of pectin in the apples of the studied apple varieties was above a control sample. On the sum of pectin substances an apple-tree of Prikubanskoye with content of 0,5% of soluble pectin and 0,55% of protopectin was picked out.

Annotation

The aim of the research is to study the quality of fresh berries of table grapes for keeping their quality, depending on varietal characteristics and post-harvest treatments with SmartFresh. The article presents the results of storage of table grapes of Moldova, Podarok Zaporozh'yu, Nizina, grown in the Krasnodar Region. The grapes were treated after harvesting with a SmartFresh preparation in a closed chamber for 24 hours and stored under normal atmosphere conditions at a temperature of + 1-2 ºC and a relative humidity of 90-95 %. It is established that carrying out post-harvest treatments with SmartFresh makes it possible to better preserve the commercial qualities of grapes. It is shown that the Moldova and Nizina varieties have a high biological leaveness. In post-harvest grapes treatments with SmartFresh, the ripening of grapes went slower, and the dry matter content in berries was 18-28 % less than in the control bunches. The use of the SmartFresh inhibited the synthesis of ethylene: during storage a slight increase in ethylene in the processed variants was observed � in 1,3-2,2 times, in a control much more � in 5,5-11,6 times. The level of intensity of ethylene extrac-tion after three months of storage in the processed bunches of grapes is 2,5 times lower (variety of Nizina), 4,7 times (Podarok Zaporozh'yu) and 6,3 times (Moldova), than in a control. From the materials presented in the article, the conclusion follows that the use of post-harvest treatments of grapes with the SmartFresh preparation ensures a long-term preservation of its commercial qualities and the high biological value when stored under normal conditions.

Annotation

In the industrial plantings of intensive orchards in the south of Russia, a wide range of apple clones of the Gala variety is cultivated. The variety of colors, high taste qualities, dense, juicy flesh makes the fruit attractive to consumers, so the variety is in great demand among the population around the world. Nowadays it is one of the most widely cultivated varieties of apple trees of the autumn ripening period. In connection with the appearance of new clones of the Gala variety grown in horticultural farms, the issues of determining the optimal harvest time, reasoned by the criteria of biochemical indicators of fruit quality, are relevant. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the criteria of biochemical indicators of the fruits quality of different clones of the Gala variety, which characterize the degree of maturity of apples growing in the south of Russia. As a result of the research carried out, a conveyor was installed for the maturation period, which allows to correctly plan the harvest. Among the varieties of clones of the Gala variety in the conditions of the south of Russia, the varieties Gala Mast, Gala Schniko red, Obra Galla, which differ in a larger fruit weight (160-170 g), are distinguished by high, competitive commercial qualities. The varieties Gala Schniko, Gala Schniko red, Gala Mast are distinguished by the high content of vitamin C and P-active substances. The most harmonious combination of sugar and acid, reflecting the taste qualities of the fruit, is characteristically for the varieties Obro Gala, Gala Mema, Gala Schniko. The high quality of the fruits sold in winter is largely ensured by the storage technology. To preserve the crop, post-harvest treatment of fruit with an ethylene inhibitor is recommended. Post-harvest treatment of apples with SmartFresh ensures maximum preservation of the initial hardness of the flesh, reduces the intensity of nutrient consumption during storage, and helps to extend the shelf life of apples.