Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The problem of maintaining the quality of agricultural products is of great urgency in the world. Fresh fruits are an indispensable component of a balanced diet, they are the most important source of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants. Ensuring by fruits of the population of the country is an important national economic task. Currently, domestic gardening does not satisfy the population's need for fruit and berry products. Extension of the fruits implementation period can significantly increase in the competitiveness of products. Our task was to maximize the preservation of the quality of peach fruits during storage based on the improvement of technological methods. Since the fruits are living products, it is possible to extend the storage period and reduce losses only by creating the conditions that ensure maximum slowdown of metabolic processes in them. Such conditions are fruit cooling and a decrease in the oxygen concentration in the fruit. In order to extend the period of peach fruits realization, especially when transporting over long distances, the fruits storage in a modified atmosphere (MA) was studied using StePac �Xtend� packaging materials (packages), creating a modified gas environment, as well as ethylene absorbers Inter Fresh. Post-harvest fruit treatment is carried out using one of the most effective preparations for maintaining their quality indicators. It should be found that the most effective way for fruits storage in MA was preliminary cooling of the peach fruits, in which the original qualities are best preserved: the fruit hardness, juiciness, freshness and appearance. The use of this technological method has shown the effectiveness of its application, which is confirmed by a higher yield of marketable products. The healthy fruits with preliminary cooling and storage in MA were 75-82 %, in as well as control � 65-70 %, the content of vitamins C and P are 85-86 %.

Annotation

Under the aggravating of environmental conditions, changes in the structure of nutrition of the population and the lack of useful substances in the food of Russians, the fresh fruits and berries are an indispensable component of a balanced diet. Strawberry berries successfully cultivated in the Krasnodar Territory, contain a complex of nutrients that provide the human body with a set of vital components. The article presents the results of the study of commercial qual-ity and chemical composition of 7 strawberry varieties of NCFSCHVW breeding. In terms of commercial quality, the varieties of Elegia, Kemia, Taira, Nelli, having the large berries with dense flesh, are selected. The varietal differences and the limits of accumulation of soluble solids, sugars, acids, vitamin C and P-active substances, which determine the high nutritional quality and therapeutic properties of strawberries, have been established. Soluble dry substances of the studied varieties, accumulating in the range of 7.2-9.0 %, are mainly represented by carbohydrates (5.4-6.7 %), the acidity varies from 0.85 to 1.28 %, the content of vitamin C varies from 47.9 to 73.4 mg / 100 g, the number of catechins � from 58.3 to 92.1 mg/100 g, leuanthocyanins � from 53.8 to 101.4 mg/100 g, anthocyanins � from 60.0 to 102.0 mg / 100 g. A high varietal variability of the total amount of phenolic compounds from 274.5 to 372.4 mg / 100 g has been established. The source-varieties have been identified with high levels of soluble solids and sugars, acids, vitamin C, and P-active catechins, anthocyanins, total polyphenols. Due to the high commodity qualities and the increased content of natural antioxidants, the strawberry berries of NCFSCHVW breeding varieties as Nelli, Kemia, Taira can be recommended for cultivation in the fruit-growing farms of the Krasnodar Territory. Consumption of fresh strawberry berries as a dessert will fill the ration of Russians with essential micronutrients of natural origin.