Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The new apple�s genotypes combining the high quality of fruits with stability to abiotic and biotic stress-factors of environment are allocated on the basis of selection on a phenotype in the combination with identification of target signs by method of molecular DNA marking and biochemical methods of research.

Annotation

Traditional ampelographic descriptions are supplemented by molecular genetic data in the study of the grape gene pool at the present time. The territory of Abkhazia is one of the centers of the cultivated grapes arising; many wild-growing forms and ancient native grape varieties are found here. Local native cultivars of different regions are the important part of world grape gene pool of Vitis vinifera. We performed the genotyping of Kachich grape plants, which can be qualify as the most famous local variety of Abkhazia. SSR markers recommended by the Union of Grape Genetics for genotyping of Vitis vinifera were used in the work: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD25, VVMD27, VVMD28, VVMD32, VrZAG62, VrZAG79. Molecular genetic analysis was carried out performed by PCR using an ABI Prism 3130 automatic genetic analyzer. The objects of study are grape plants cultivated at three points in Abkhazia under the name �Kachich� and have morphological characteristics similar to the variety described in the USSR Ampelography. DNA analysis revealed that one of the analyzed samples is significantly different from the other two samples in microsatellite profiles. Thus, it can be argued that, in general, at least two different genotypes with similar morphological characteristics are grown under one name in Abkhazia, and, two other samples of the variety showed identical DNA profiles of plants. According to ampelographic features, these samples are closed to the description of the Kachich morphotype presented in ampelography. One of these samples grows in the collection of �Wines and Waters of Abkhazia� company and were planting with planted material from the ampelographic collection of the Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking �Magarach�. It can be concluded that we obtained the DNA profile of the Kachich genotype corresponding to the morphological description of the variety.

Annotation

The main grape varieties used as table varieties and for winemaking belong to the species Vitis vinifera L., which has a high quality of berries, but rather low resistance to diseases and frost. One of the donors of valuable features f or the breeding of grape varieties is the species of Vitis amurensis Rupr. For example, some V. amurensis genotypes carry the downy mildew resistance genes of Rpv10 and Rpv12. The aim of the work is to study the genetic potential of resistance to downy mildew by DNA-marker analysis of some hybrid forms obtained using Amur grapevines. The research was carried out on the DNA of twenty-one grape genotypes, created by F.I. Shatilov using V. amurensis, and preserved in the collection of A.Y. Nemytov (Orenburg Region). DNA extraction was carried out by CTAB method from herbalized young shoots of grape plants. In the work for identification gene Rpv10 the closely linked DNA marker GF09-46 was used to identify the Rpv12 gene � markers UDV360, UDV343, flanking the locus of resistance. Separation of reaction products and analysis of PCR fragment size were carried out using an automatic genetic analyzer. As control genotypes in the study the grape varieties those carriers the genes of Kunlean (Rpv12) and Saperavi Severnyi (Rpv10) were included. In two forms under the conventional names �Muscat Severniy No. 1� and �Hybrid form No. 3� the presence of genes Rpv12 and Rpv10 were revealed, respectively. These genotypes have a number of positive characteristics that are promising in the breeding of table grape varieties and can be considered as the sources o f valuable traits.

Annotation

The aim of the present work was the DNA fingerprinting of a number of promising grapevine cultivars of NCRRIH&V and AZESV&W breeding, based on the analysis of polymorphism of microsatellite loci. The results of the study can be used for identifying of the studied cultivars and for control purebred of parent vines plantations and planting material of domestic cultivars. Domestic breeding cultivars, promising to improve the industrial assortment of grapes in the Southern Russia were studied on the molecular genetic level. The article presents the results of a DNA-fingerprinting of six domestic cultivars of grapes: Barchatny, Vladimir, Dmitry, Dostoyny, Kurchanskiy, Krasnostop AZOS. Analysis of cultivars genotypes carried out on the mixture of DNA samples of 7-10 typical plants of each cultivar. DNA profiles were obtained by microsatellite loci MD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VVS2, VrZAG62 and VrZAG79, these markers are recommended as the basic ones for Vitis vinifera L. genotyping. Microsatellites (SSR-simple sequence repeats) - tandem repeats of simple sequences in the DNA structure are the most often used as DNA markers for studying of the grapes genotypes. The main method used in the work - polymerase chain reaction with the separation of the reaction products using an automated genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130. The DNA of Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon were used as the control, allelic compositions of studied SSR-loci are known for these cultivars. Cultivars genotypes showed the different alleles combinations on studied loci. Thus, the minimum recommended set of microsatellite markers is sufficient to differentiate of studied genotypes. The article also provides a brief description of the studied cultivars and their main distinguishing positive agric and biological characteristics.

Annotation

Downy mildew is the one of the most prevalent diseases of the grapevine. An effective way to control the spread of disease is cultivation of resistant varieties. The European grape V. vinifera is not resistant to mildew practically. Genotypes, carrying the resistance genes, belong to the grape varieties of North America and Asia. So breeding of resistant grape varieties is based on interspecies hybridization. Modern methods of genetics and molecular biology expand the possibilities of ongoing research in this field. Today it is identified about 20 major and minor of resistance loci to P. viticola. Rpv10 and Rpv3 are major loci of resistance. Rpv10, inherited from V. amurensis was first determined F. Schwander et al. It was identified and a DNA-marker GF09-46, closely linked with this locus. Rpv3 gene was first found in the Bianca grapes � a complex interspecies hybrids of grapes. It was later determined that the Rpv3 gene has seven haplotypes, and their identification is possible with microsatellite markers UDV305, UDV737. We analyzed the genotypes of selected, elite forms and new inter-species grape varieties of NCFSCHVW breeding by the PCR method using DNA markers linked to the mildew resistance Rpv10 and Rpv3 genes. The separation of the reaction products is carried out by capillary electrophoresis using an automated genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130. The analyzes were carried out in accordance with the potential possibility of identifying the target alleles according to the pedigree of the studied samples. The Rpv3 gene is defined in six hybrid genotypes, Rpv10 gene � is defined in one grape hybrid.