Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Alehina Elena
Articles in journal: (total 23)
The effectiveness of cherry breeding is largely determined by the presence of the extensive genetic potential of this culture and the correct selection and use of donors and sources of value traits. The main purpose of research is an improvement of assortment of sweet cherry due to creation of new varieties and combining in their genotype the complex of positive traits with a high level of adaptability. The research were carried out on considerable varietal and hybrid materials at the experimental sweet cherrys orchards. Using a wide variety of genetic traits, we have obtained a breeding material, which serves as the basis for allocation of promising new sweet cherries varieties. The regularities of traits inheritance of large fruits and covering color of fruits are defined. The donors and sources of new economic and valuable traits are allocated. Using the donors and sources of valuable features and modern methods of breeding a series of new sweet cherries varieties is created in the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. These varieties correspond to the modern requirements of intensive gardening and allow to create the conveyor of high-quality fruits of early maturing. The majority of the specified varieties are going to the state test now.
The results of research concerning creating of true-bred seedlings of a sweet cherry for industrial orchards of Krasnodar region are presented. The basic approbational features of individual elements of seedlings in the nursery are established.
The results of long-term work on selection and study of stone fruit crops in the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture are presented in the article. By the results of research the donors and sources of valuable signs that are recommended for breeding programs, and also perspective varieties of plums, cherries, and sweet cherries for industrial production in the conditions of the south of Russia are selected
Defining indicator of promising varieties of culture is marketability of fruits. The results of research of varietal features of sweet cherry allowed to form the quality indicators of fruits are presented in the article. Research is conducted in the experimental gardens EPF "Central" (Krasnodar). The research based on the standard techniques of determination of fruits quality, their weight, size, attractiveness. Sweet cherry varieties are divided on maturing terms and in the each group the varieties capable to realize fully the biological potential of marketability of fruits are allocated. As a result of breeding works at NCRRIH&V the large-fruited sweet cherry varieties of early middle and late maturing with weight of fruits of 8-10 g are created. These varieties are forming a basis for further strengthening of this sign. In the course of studying the sweet cherry varieties with the stablest indicator of large fruits are revealed. On the basis of a tasting assessment the sweet cherry varieties with high tastes and most attractiveness are allocated, which tasting assessment was 4,6-4,8 points,. Results of the work carried out at the institute in the recent years allowed to renovate substantially the sweet cherry assortment, filled up it with new high-quality varieties. The most of these varieties currently pass the State test and 9 varieties entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
It is known that by means of growth regulators of various physiological mechanism of action it is possible to directly regulate the processes of growth and fructification of fruit crops. The purpose of research is to define the degree of influence of gibberellin treatmtnt of sweet cherrys plants on fruit ovary, the increase of their size, the maintenance of biologically active elements and trees productivity. Gibberellin was applied on Cavkazkaya sweet cherry in the Precuban fruits zone of Krasnodar Region. Object of studying of gibberellin action on sweet cherrys plants are the flowers during mass blossoming and fruits during active growth and maturing. In the period of full maturity of fruits in the laboratory of storage and processing of NCRRIH&V the content of biologically active agents is defined. It is established that trees treatment of gibberellin during formation of fruits reduces their falling and promotes to formation of full ovary. Excess of quantity of well remained and developed fruits in comparison with control is 33%. Gibberellin in all options of experience promoted the acceleration of fruits maturing of sweet cherry in comparison with control option. It is allocated as the optimum the double processing of preparation on blossoming and ovary of sweet cherry, which authentically improved the biochemical fruits indicators. This processing increased the content of P-active agents on 50,8-63,4 mg / 100g and quantity of anthocyanes (374,6 mg / 100) in the fruits of sweet cherry.