Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The results of evaluation of short stratification periods with different durations influence the obtaining healthy microplants of sweet cherry hybrids from isolated unripe embryos in vitro culture are presented. Three sweet cherry varieties of super early, early and meddle term of ripening are studied. The sterilization scheme for immature sweet cherry embryos using a disinfectant in the form of tablets containing the sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid was tested. The method showed the high efficiency, which was manifested in a low percentage of infected tubes. Three seeding were made at various times: after harvesting immediately, after 1 week, and after 3 weeks of stratification. The degree of plants development introduced in vitro culture was defined after 2, 3, and 5 weeks. Assessment of plants with root and leaves was carried out on a 5-point scale. Based on the development degree of plants introduced in vitro culture, a graph was created showing that the highest percentage of normally developing embryos of the Krasnodarskaya Rannya sweet cherry was observed in the group stratified for three weeks, than that stratified one week. In the group of the Krasa Kubani specimens, an opposite dependence is observed. The rate and degree of development of the Yaroslavna embryos without stratification are in the middle range between other studied samples with long and short stratification. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the varietal characteristics of samples prevail over the duration of stratification in order to increase in the yield of normally developed microplants obtained in vitro embryo culture.

Annotation

Genetic collections of fruit crops are the basis for the breeding work: the creation of new varieties, the selection and retention of donors and sources of valuable genetic traits, the enhancing of regional industrial assortment by new varieties of domestic breeding. There is a collection of stone fruit crops with 331 varieties, as well as more than 2300 hybrids, on the base of the of North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. In this article the role of genetic collections of stone fruit crops in the creation of new generation of varieties with specified valuable and productive properties is noted. The important role of genetic collection for forming of modern regional assortment of fruit crops for creating of industrial orchards under conditions of Southern Russia is shown. During research process the donors and sources of commercially valuable and breeding important traits for different stone fruit crops are selected in the work. The selected donors and sources are recommended for use in the different breeding programs and they reduce the stages of variety creating to a great extent. As a result of long-term research 15 varieties of sweet cherry, cherry, and plum of N�RRIH&V breeding were passed into the State Register of breeding achievement. 29 varieties of these crops were passed in the State variety's study. 4 patents for sweet cherry varieties and 1 patent for cherry variety and 3 patents for plum varieties took out. The new varieties selected by research increase zoned and perspective assortment of stone fruit crops of domestic breeding and allow to create the adaptive and steady fruit-bearing planting of stone fruit crops under the conditions of Krasnodar Region.

Annotation

The main purpose of sweet cherry breeding is the creation of highly productive varieties with high ecological adaptability and high quality of fruits of universal direction. The results of long-term work on sweet cherry breeding in the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture are presented in the article. A wide diversity of genetic traits at a collection of fruit crops of N�RRIH&V are used in the study. The breeding material that serves as the basis for creation of new varieties is obtained. The priority direction for breeding research are shown: breeding on winter hardiness, resistance to fungal diseases, early and late ripening time, improvement of fruit quality, biological productivity, etc. The regularities of formation of the modern sweet cherry assortment for industrial gardening in the Southern Russia are established. The incompatible combinations of crossings, the use of which reduces the efficiency of breeding, are revealed. At the Institute a series of sweet cherry varieties is created, these varieties meet the requirements of modern gardening, as the resistant to adverse environmental factors, the high yield and fruit quality, the restraint of tree growth. The new varieties, as Mak and Dar Izobiliya, are the positive example of use of sweet cherry varieties of various ecological origin in the hybridization. The first large-fruited varieties are received: Scarlet, Mak, Yuzhnaya, Utro Kuban, Madonna, Cherniy Glaza (mass of a fruit of 8-10 g). 12 the best varieties of sweet cherry are included in the State Register of selection achievements for a wide industrial use in a zone of the North Caucasus. It is noted that in the Krasnodar Region there are the big reserves for improvement and replenishment of standard assortment of sweet cherry by local varieties, well adapted under cultivation's conditions and have had the fruits of high gustatory quality.

Annotation

The results of research of commodity qualities and biochemical indicators of sweet cherry of different varieties are presented. The varietal features defining flavoring qualities of sweet cherry varieties of different periods of maturation are established. The best varieties with high commodity and biochemical indicators of fruits for industrial use are allocated

Annotation

Results of a complex estimation of 18 grades of a sweet cherry different ecological and geographical origin are resulted, used in selection. The best genotypes on the basic indicators of productivity are allocated. Potential possibilities of productivity grades of sweet cherry are defined, and the main factors influencing their implementation at each stage organogenesis are revealed. Donors of productivity combining high biological productivity with high degree of its implementation, expressed in yield grade are allocated.