Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Shestakova Vera
Articles in journal: (total 4)
The biochemical composition of the extract of leaf blades of representatives Cerasus Mill class using techniques developed in North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture for highly accurate methods of capillary electrophore-sis is studied, qualitative and quantitative difference is found in the content of chemi-cal substances in the leaves of immune and non-resistant to Coccomicos (Coccomyces Hiemalis Higgins) genotypes.
Significant distinctions by quantity of leaves stoma on resistant and nonresistant Cerasus Mill. forms are established statistically. During a field assessment of new hybrid plants of NCRRIH&V collection the groups with different reaction on Coccomyces hiemalis Higgins were selected, they can be used as a selection material for receiving of low growing stocks of stone fruit cultures.
The questions of adaptative resistance of apple-tree varieties of various ecological-geographical origin to hydrothermal conditions of the winter and summer periods of plants development in the North Caucasian region of Russia are considered in the article. In the process of carried out research the comparative data characterized a physiological condition of apple-tree studied varieties during the winter and summer periods of 2013-2016 are obtained. The modern physiological-biochemical and anatomical-morphological methods of research with use of highly effective ana-lytical equipment are used in the work. It is noted that tree ploidy apple varieties of the Souys and the Rodnichok of native breeding, and also the diploidy varieties of the Aydared (USA) and Precubansko-ye (native breeding) in a winter time on physiological and biochemical parameters show themselves as high winter-hardy, in comparison with others studied varieties. It is shown that biochemical adaptation of apple varieties to a low-temperature stress is reached due to synthesis of the increased amount of proline, su-crose, the phenolcarbonic, chlorogenic, ABA acids and peroxidase. It is established that during the summer vegetative period of 2013-2016 the tree ploidy apple varieties of the Soues and the Rodnichok, and also the diploidy of Precubanskoye (all varieties of native breeding) have the best ability to adapt to a high-temperature stress and a drought, in comparison with other studied varieties. In the leaves of these apple varieties under the condition of summer extremal temperatures it is accumulated, more form of water, proline, sucrose and ABA, made the protective function, are accumulated. The adaptation features of plants revealed in the course of the research prove the necessity of use of potential opportunities of native apple varieties for breeding process as sources of signs of winter hardiness and drought resistance.
Using genetic-statistical approaches researches of annual and seasonal dynamics of concentration of biochemical parameters at defeat Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) forms of genus erasus Mill in the system owner-activator-environment are studuied. Studying of structure of variability of biochemical parameters during vegetation of plants has allowed to find genetic-statistical approaches to establish of correlations with immunity, and also to develop the express train-method of an estimation of stability to illness. The observed ecological component of variability of biochemical attributes allows to develop new methods of forecasting of development of infection.