Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Based on the negative dynamics of weath-er and climate conditions in the Southern region of Russia and taking into account the use of new intensive technologies for cultivating fruit stone crops, it is obviously that the new and promising varieties should be created and selected in the face of climate change. The urgency of this problem determines the purpose of the research � the creation and selection of plum domestic varieties and cherry, characterized by resistance to unfavorable environmental factors and stably forming a high-quality yield under the conditions of annual biotic and abiotic stresses. Objects of research � the varieties of stone fruit crops, presented in the Center of collective use of the NCFSCHVW genetic collection. The research was carried out in 2014-2017 in the Sub-Kuban zone of horticulture of the Krasnodar Territory, on the basis of the EPF �Centralnoe� (Krasnodar). The main accounting and observation were carried out in accordance with the methodological guidelines for the variety study of fruit, berry and nut-bearing crops. Assessment of varieties on the main parameters of productivity and adaptability was carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the North Caucasus Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (now NCFSCHVW). In the study there were the promising varieties of plum and cherry, of different eco-geographical origin, possessed with adaptive features that determine the efficiency of their cultivation by intensive technologies. Under the unfavorable weather conditions (2014-2017), the winter hardiness, drought resistance, and resistance of the studied varieties to diseases were evaluated as coccomycosis, monilia and clasterosporium. Under the extreme weather conditions for fruit crops in recent years, the basic adaptive indexes of plum and cherry varieties are specified. On their basis, the most stable varieties for optimizing the modern assortment of these crops under conditions of Southern gardening have been determined.

Annotation

Genetic collections of fruit crops are the basis for the breeding work: the creation of new varieties, the selection and retention of donors and sources of valuable genetic traits, the enhancing of regional industrial assortment by new varieties of domestic breeding. There is a collection of stone fruit crops with 331 varieties, as well as more than 2300 hybrids, on the base of the of North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. In this article the role of genetic collections of stone fruit crops in the creation of new generation of varieties with specified valuable and productive properties is noted. The important role of genetic collection for forming of modern regional assortment of fruit crops for creating of industrial orchards under conditions of Southern Russia is shown. During research process the donors and sources of commercially valuable and breeding important traits for different stone fruit crops are selected in the work. The selected donors and sources are recommended for use in the different breeding programs and they reduce the stages of variety creating to a great extent. As a result of long-term research 15 varieties of sweet cherry, cherry, and plum of N�RRIH&V breeding were passed into the State Register of breeding achievement. 29 varieties of these crops were passed in the State variety's study. 4 patents for sweet cherry varieties and 1 patent for cherry variety and 3 patents for plum varieties took out. The new varieties selected by research increase zoned and perspective assortment of stone fruit crops of domestic breeding and allow to create the adaptive and steady fruit-bearing planting of stone fruit crops under the conditions of Krasnodar Region.

Annotation

The results of breeding of plum domestic in the South of Russian Federation are presented in this article. Objects of research are the 7 plum varieties of breeding of the North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture growing on the base of Experimental and Production Farming "Centralnoye" (Krasnodar). The modern programs and techniques of breeding and variety's study of fruit, berry and nut bearing crops are used in the article. It is shown, that not all of zoned plum varieties fully answer ecological conditions of various zones of cultivation and the modern requirements of steady increase in planting's productivity and economic efficiency of fruit production. Using a wide diversity of genetic traits in the NCRRIH&V collection, the new plum varieties were obtained. These varieties are a basis for expansion of the existing assortment of this culture in the South of Russia and for the further breeding work. It is noted that the created plum varieties of local breeding � Prikubanskaya, Krasnodarskaya, Milena, Podruga, Gertsog, Krasotka, Charodeyka � surpass the introduced and a number of standard varieties on the following traits: adaptability (drought resistance, winter hardiness, resistance to diseases), efficiency (fast fruit bearing, introduction of trees to fructification, productivity), quality of fruits (the weight and the size of a fruit, biochemical structure, a tasting assessment). In the presented article the total characteristic is given to the new plum varieties of domestic selection, which transferred to the State test and included in the State register of breeding achievements allowed for a wide industrial use under the conditions of the North Caucasus. 3 patents for plum varieties (Gertsog, Podruga, Milena, Krasotka) are the result of the conducted breeding research.

Annotation

The results of selection estimation of varieties and hybrid families of plum culture are presented. The regularities of inheritance of signs (weight and biochemical composition of fruits) by hybrid posterity are revealed. Dependence of change of fruits quality indicators from conditions of year is established. Varieties-sources of high taste qualities and large-fruited interesting for improvement of quality fruits of plum home varieties are allocated

Annotation

Perspective varieties and hybrids of a plum home having economically valuable traits that are recommended for adaptive technolo-gies of cultivation and selection use are pre-sented in article.