Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Yakovenko Valentina
Articles in journal: (total 17)
The results of study of plants survival and development of fresh strawberry sprouts and frigo at different planting dates are presented. The meaning of the optimal and critical temperatures for the different stages of strawberry plants development are described.
This paper presents the results of the varieties evaluation on the berry average mass in the collection of berry crops of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The collection of strawberry includes 139 varieties, red currant 21, black currant 20, gooseberry 26 varieties. The varieties of collections have the different ecological-geographical origin. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the berry crops varieties of collection on the berry size. The generally accepted in Russia methods of breeding were used in this work. Study have shown that from the 139 strawberry varieties in the collection, 7 varieties have very small berries, 32 varieties small berries, 76 varieties medium-sized berries, 23 varieties large berries and one variety named by Primella has very large berries. Among the 21 varieties of red currant, a very small berry is noted for the Nenaglyadnaya, large berries for the Detvan variety, middle berries for the Asia, Tatran, Dar Orla, Belka, Rozovoe Schastie, Yonker van Tets, the other 12 varieties of red currant are distinguished by small berries. Five black currant varieties have small berries, 3 large berries (Dar Smolyaninovoy, Partizanka Bryanskaya, Slastena) and 12 varieties have the medium size of berries. Analysis of 26 varieties from gooseberry collection has showed that the largest berry size is noted for the Kubanets variety of NCRRIHV breeding. The most part of the gooseberry varieties in the collection (21 varieties) has the small berries. In our research, the eval-uation of the varieties from the berry crops collection on the berry size showed the need to replenish the gene pool of berry crops by new varieties with large berries and to select the varieties with big berry size.
he results of assessment of remontant blossoming of eight strawberry hybrid combinations are presented. One strawberry variety is allocated as a donor of the trait studied and one variety as the source of that trait.
n analysis overview of strawberry varieties that placed in the State Register for the North Caucasus region, and cultivated without formal acceptance is presented in the article. The comparative evaluation of varieties on ripening time is given.
Fruits and berries are the important and irreplaceable component of the population balanced diet. In this article the results of studying of the chemical composition of currant berries are given, their high nutrition and biological value, and also antioxidant properties is noted. The difference of varieties and the level of accumulation of soluble solids, sugars (including glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (citric, malic), vitamins, polyphenols and pectina substances are established. It is shown that currant berries in the food are the sources of functional ingredients, such as sugar, presented generally by fructose and glucose, vitamins C and P, anthocyans, pectin substances. The specific peculiarity of currant is high acidity of berries more than 2 %. The medicine and prophylactic properties of currant berries connect with the high level of pectin's accumulation more than 1 %: Podarok Leta variety 1,14%, Celechenskaya 1,03 %. The blackcurrant berries content the big quantity of vitamins, in comparison with red current, the contain of vitamin C more by 4 time on average, of vitamin P twice more. It is selected the blackcurrant varieties of Muravushka, Nara, Perun are the sources of high content of biologically active substances: the content of vitamin C in the berries more than 100 mg, 130 mg of vitamin P and 300 mg of anthocyans in 100 g of berries. Among the studied varieties of red currant on a complex of biochemical indicators the varieties of Dar Orla, Podarok Leta are interesting because they content more than 30 mg / 100 of vitamin C in berries and more than 85 mg / 100 of vitamin P